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Bats are unique in their potential to serve as reservoir hosts for intracellular pathogens. Recently, the impact of COVID-19 has relegated bats from biomedical darkness to the frontline of public health as bats are the natural reservoir of many viruses, including SARS-Cov-2. Many bat genomes have been sequenced recently, and sequences coding for antimicrobial peptides are available in the public databases. Here we provide a structural analysis of genome-predicted bat cathelicidins as components of their innate immunity. A total of 32 unique protein sequences were retrieved from the NCBI database. Interestingly, some bat species contained more than one cathelicidin. We examined the conserved cysteines within the cathelin-like domain and the peptide portion of each sequence and revealed phylogenetic relationships and structural dissimilarities. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activity of peptides was examined using bioinformatic tools. The peptides were modeled and subjected to docking analysis with the region binding domain (RBD) region of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The appearance of multiple forms of cathelicidins verifies the complex microbial challenges encountered by these species. Learning more about antiviral defenses of bats and how they drive virus evolution will help scientists to investigate the function of antimicrobial peptides in these species.
José Pérez de la Lastra; Patricia Asensio-Calavia; Sergio González-Acosta; Victoria Baca-González; Antonio Morales-Delanuez. Bioinformatic Analysis of Genome-Predicted Bat Cathelicidins. Molecules 2021, 26, 1811 .
AMA StyleJosé Pérez de la Lastra, Patricia Asensio-Calavia, Sergio González-Acosta, Victoria Baca-González, Antonio Morales-Delanuez. Bioinformatic Analysis of Genome-Predicted Bat Cathelicidins. Molecules. 2021; 26 (6):1811.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé Pérez de la Lastra; Patricia Asensio-Calavia; Sergio González-Acosta; Victoria Baca-González; Antonio Morales-Delanuez. 2021. "Bioinformatic Analysis of Genome-Predicted Bat Cathelicidins." Molecules 26, no. 6: 1811.
In the current worldwide pandemic situation caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the newest coronavirus disease (COVID-19), therapeutics and prophylactics are urgently needed for a large population. Some of the prophylaxis strategies are based on the development of antibodies targeting viral proteins. IgY antibodies are a type of immunoglobulin present in birds, amphibians, and reptiles. They are usually obtained from egg yolk of hyper-immunized hens and represent a relatively inexpensive source of antibodies. Specific IgY can be produced by immunizing chickens with the target antigen and then purifying from the egg yolk. Chicken IgY has been widely explored as a clinical anti-infective material for prophylaxis, preventive medicine, and therapy of infectious diseases. Administered non-systemically, IgY antibodies are safe and effective drugs. Moreover, passive immunization with avian antibodies could become an effective alternative therapy, as these can be obtained relatively simply, cost-efficiently, and produced on a large scale. Here, we highlight the potential use of polyclonal avian IgY antibodies as an oral prophylactic treatment for respiratory viral diseases, such as COVID-19, for which no vaccine is yet available.
José M. Pérez De La Lastra; Victoria Baca-González; Patricia Asensio-Calavia; Sergio González-Acosta; Antonio Morales-Delanuez. Can Immunization of Hens Provide Oral-Based Therapeutics against COVID-19? Vaccines 2020, 8, 486 .
AMA StyleJosé M. Pérez De La Lastra, Victoria Baca-González, Patricia Asensio-Calavia, Sergio González-Acosta, Antonio Morales-Delanuez. Can Immunization of Hens Provide Oral-Based Therapeutics against COVID-19? Vaccines. 2020; 8 (3):486.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosé M. Pérez De La Lastra; Victoria Baca-González; Patricia Asensio-Calavia; Sergio González-Acosta; Antonio Morales-Delanuez. 2020. "Can Immunization of Hens Provide Oral-Based Therapeutics against COVID-19?" Vaccines 8, no. 3: 486.
Ruminants produce considerable amounts of methane during their digestive process, which makes the livestock industry as one of the largest sources of anthropogenic greenhouse gases. To tackle this situation, several solutions have been proposed, including vaccination of ruminants against microorganisms responsible for methane synthesis in the rumen. In this review, we summarize the research done on this topic and describe the state of the art of this strategy. The different steps implied in this approach are described: experimental design, animal model (species, age), antigen (whole cells, cell parts, recombinant proteins, peptides), adjuvant (Freund’s, Montanide, saponin, among others), vaccination schedule (booster intervals and numbers) and measurements of treatment success (immunoglobulin titers and/or effects on methanogens and methane production). Highlighting both the advances made and knowledge gaps in the use of vaccines to inhibit ruminant methanogen activity, this research review opens the door to future studies. This will enable improvements in the methodology and systemic approaches so as to ensure the success of this proposal for the sustainable mitigation of methane emission.
Victoria Baca-González; Patricia Asensio-Calavia; Sergio González-Acosta; Jose Manuel Pérez De La Lastra; Antonio Morales De La Nuez. Are Vaccines the Solution for Methane Emissions from Ruminants? A Systematic Review. Vaccines 2020, 8, 460 .
AMA StyleVictoria Baca-González, Patricia Asensio-Calavia, Sergio González-Acosta, Jose Manuel Pérez De La Lastra, Antonio Morales De La Nuez. Are Vaccines the Solution for Methane Emissions from Ruminants? A Systematic Review. Vaccines. 2020; 8 (3):460.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictoria Baca-González; Patricia Asensio-Calavia; Sergio González-Acosta; Jose Manuel Pérez De La Lastra; Antonio Morales De La Nuez. 2020. "Are Vaccines the Solution for Methane Emissions from Ruminants? A Systematic Review." Vaccines 8, no. 3: 460.
Consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), has beneficial effects for consumers’ health. Consequently, there is an increased interest in enhancing meat fatty acid profiles (i.e., PUFA and DHA content) through diverse nutritional strategies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of supplementing a microalgae-derived product rich in DHA on growth and immune system development in newborn goat kids. In this experiment, newborn goat kids were fed milk replacer (MR) supplemented with three levels of a microalgae-derived product rich in DHA (DHA‐Gold®, Martek Biosciences, MD, USA). Groups were designed as follows: MR-NS (milk replacer without DHA‐Gold® supplementation; n = 10), MR-DHA-9 (9 g of DHA‐Gold®/L milk replacer; n = 10) and MR-DHA-18 (18 g of DHA‐Gold®/L milk replacer; n = 10). The immune status of the kids was evaluated by the plasma IgG and IgM concentrations, as well as by the complement system and chitotriosidase activities. Dietary supplementation with DHA did not affect either growth or innate and humoral immunity (p > 0.05). This study concludes that supplementation with DHA does not cause negative effects on growth and immune status in newborn goat kids.
Isabel Moreno-Indias; Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano; Davinia Sánchez-Macías; Antonio Morales-Delanuez; Alexandr Torres; Anastasio Argüello; Noemí Castro. Milk Replacer Supplementation with Docosahexaenoic Acid from Microalgae Does Not Affect Growth and Immune Status in Goat Kids. Animals 2020, 10, 1233 .
AMA StyleIsabel Moreno-Indias, Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano, Davinia Sánchez-Macías, Antonio Morales-Delanuez, Alexandr Torres, Anastasio Argüello, Noemí Castro. Milk Replacer Supplementation with Docosahexaenoic Acid from Microalgae Does Not Affect Growth and Immune Status in Goat Kids. Animals. 2020; 10 (7):1233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Moreno-Indias; Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano; Davinia Sánchez-Macías; Antonio Morales-Delanuez; Alexandr Torres; Anastasio Argüello; Noemí Castro. 2020. "Milk Replacer Supplementation with Docosahexaenoic Acid from Microalgae Does Not Affect Growth and Immune Status in Goat Kids." Animals 10, no. 7: 1233.
This experiment aimed to evaluate the suitability of glycerol and propylene glycol to reduce microbial count and preserve immune properties in heat-treated goat colostrum. Colostrum samples from 11 goats were each divided into 9 aliquots. Different concentrations (2, 6, 10, and 14%; vol/vol) of either glycerol or propylene glycol were added to the aliquots. Phosphate buffer solution was added to one aliquot, which was set as the control (CG). After the respective additions, all colostrum samples were heat treated at 56°C for 1 h. After cooling, aerobic mesophilic bacteria were cultured. The samples were frozen until free fatty acid, IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations and chitotriosidase activity were measured. No differences were found in aerobic mesophilic bacteria counts between either 10 or 14% glycerol and propylene glycol additives. These additions reduced bacterial count to a greater extent than CG, and 2 or 6% additions. Colostrum IgG concentration was not affected by either of the additives or their concentrations. The propylene glycol additive reduced IgA and IgM concentrations and chitotriosidase activity, compared with CG. Conversely, glycerol did not affect any of the studied immune variables. In conclusion, glycerol addition to goat colostrum before heat treatment is suitable to enhance bacterial reduction, whereas colostrum immune properties were not affected.
A. Morales-Delanuez; L.E. Hernández-Castellano; I. Moreno-Indias; D. Sánchez-Macías; A. Argüello; N. Castro. Use of glycerol and propylene glycol as additives in heat-treated goat colostrum. Journal of Dairy Science 2020, 103, 2756 -2761.
AMA StyleA. Morales-Delanuez, L.E. Hernández-Castellano, I. Moreno-Indias, D. Sánchez-Macías, A. Argüello, N. Castro. Use of glycerol and propylene glycol as additives in heat-treated goat colostrum. Journal of Dairy Science. 2020; 103 (3):2756-2761.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Morales-Delanuez; L.E. Hernández-Castellano; I. Moreno-Indias; D. Sánchez-Macías; A. Argüello; N. Castro. 2020. "Use of glycerol and propylene glycol as additives in heat-treated goat colostrum." Journal of Dairy Science 103, no. 3: 2756-2761.
Demand for healthy products has increased interest in low-fat caprine cheeses. These are characterised by higher hardness, cohesiveness and masticability, and lower odour and flavour intensities, than full-fat cheeses, which has led to evaluation of alternative manufacturing methods to improve sensory characteristics. Addition of milk somatic cells was used as a potential tool to improve the quality of fresh low-fat caprine cheese made with either raw or pasteurised milk. Proteolysis of αS1-CN, αS2-CN, and para-κ-CN was increased in low-fat cheeses made with raw milk when somatic cells were added. In contrast, reduced proteolysis was observed in low-fat cheeses made from pasteurised milk, except for that of β-CN, which was increased. Moreover, the addition of somatic cells increased the rate of lipolysis in low-fat pasteurised cheese. These changes in the rates of proteolysis and lipolysis could improve softness and flavour of low-fat cheeses.
D. Sánchez-Macías; L.E. Hernández-Castellano; A. Morales-Delanuez; B. Herrera-Chávez; A. Argüello; N. Castro. Somatic cells: A potential tool to accelerate low-fat goat cheese ripening. International Dairy Journal 2019, 102, 104598 .
AMA StyleD. Sánchez-Macías, L.E. Hernández-Castellano, A. Morales-Delanuez, B. Herrera-Chávez, A. Argüello, N. Castro. Somatic cells: A potential tool to accelerate low-fat goat cheese ripening. International Dairy Journal. 2019; 102 ():104598.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Sánchez-Macías; L.E. Hernández-Castellano; A. Morales-Delanuez; B. Herrera-Chávez; A. Argüello; N. Castro. 2019. "Somatic cells: A potential tool to accelerate low-fat goat cheese ripening." International Dairy Journal 102, no. : 104598.
In the Andean region, Philippines, and central Africa most guinea pigs are raised for meat production. Guinea pig meat is of increasing interest to researchers. One of the critical questions in meat production is to know when muscles convert to meat. The objective of this study was to describe the pH evolution in guinea pig muscles and to determine the establishment and resolution time of rigor mortis. Forty-eight guinea pig carcasses were divided into four groups: 12 male and 12 female of 3 month-old fattened animals, and 12 male and 12 female of 12 month-old reproductive animals. The pH was measured using a penetration probe in Longissimus thoracis, Quadriceps femoris, Triceps brachii and Psoas major muscles for 24 h, and rigor mortis was monitored during this time. The initial and final pH ranged between 6.56–7.00 and 5.97–6.27, respectively. Rigor mortis was established at ∼5 h and resolved at ∼15 h postmortem. The Psoas major was the muscle with lower initial pH and higher final pH, while no differences were found between the other muscles. Initial, evolution and final pH were not affected by the sex. No differences were found in the productive-reproductive status between males, whereas the older female guinea pigs presented higher pH in three muscles. In conclusion, in our test conditions final pH in guinea pigs remains high enough to permit microbial growth, which could affect the shelf-life of Guinea pig meat. Moreover, it is recommended to keep guinea pig carcasses in refrigeration until 15 h postmortem, when rigor mortis is resolved, and muscle-to-meat conversion finished. Management of these carcasses should be different depending if the animals belong to a productive or reproductive animal system. It is therefore necessary to chill guinea pig carcasses at least 15 h, to achieve a correct muscle-to-meat conversion.
Davinia Sánchez-Macías; Leslie Cevallos-Velastegui; Diego Nuñez-Valle; Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez. First report of postmortem pH evolution and rigor mortis in guinea pigs. Livestock Science 2019, 229, 22 -27.
AMA StyleDavinia Sánchez-Macías, Leslie Cevallos-Velastegui, Diego Nuñez-Valle, Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez. First report of postmortem pH evolution and rigor mortis in guinea pigs. Livestock Science. 2019; 229 ():22-27.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavinia Sánchez-Macías; Leslie Cevallos-Velastegui; Diego Nuñez-Valle; Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez. 2019. "First report of postmortem pH evolution and rigor mortis in guinea pigs." Livestock Science 229, no. : 22-27.
Several physiological and metabolic changes take place in dairy ruminants around parturition (late pregnancy, parturition, and early lactation). Dairy species are genetically selected for their higher milk production compared with non-dairy species. This fact causes a constant stress that impairs the immune status of the animal, with consequences for its welfare and performance. In the present study, we assessed the immune status of high-yield dairy sheep and goats by quantifying IgG and IgM concentrations, as well as chitotriosidase (ChT) and complement system [total complement system (TC) and alternative complement pathway (AC)] activity in blood plasma around parturition. We also measured IgG and IgM concentrations and ChT activity in colostrum and milk during the first 40 d postpartum. The lowest blood IgG concentration was at parturition in both species. We detected no differences in blood IgG concentrations between species. Blood IgM concentrations were constant in both species throughout the study period. However, blood IgM concentrations were greater in sheep than in goats. Blood ChT activity was greater in goats than in sheep, and both species showed constant activity of this enzyme throughout the study period. We observed no differences in complement system (TC and AC) activity between sheep and goats. In addition, both TC and AC activity were constant in both species throughout the experiment. In general, IgG and IgM concentrations were greater in sheep colostrum than in goat colostrum, but these differences disappeared after d 4 (IgG) and d 3 (IgM) postpartum. In both species, the highest IgG and IgM concentrations were measured in colostrum, gradually decreasing during the first days postpartum. Chitotriosidase activity decreased in both species from colostrum to milk, although goats always showed greater ChT activity than sheep. Both sheep and goats seemed to be more susceptible to infectious diseases around parturition. As well, goats showed greater ChT activity in blood, colostrum, and milk than sheep. This fact may give these animals additional protection against parasite and fungal infections.
Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Davinia Sánchez-Macías; Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez; Alexandr Torres; Anastasio Argüello; Noemí Castro. Sheep and goats raised in mixed flocks have diverse immune status around parturition. Journal of Dairy Science 2019, 102, 8478 -8485.
AMA StyleLorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano, Isabel Moreno-Indias, Davinia Sánchez-Macías, Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez, Alexandr Torres, Anastasio Argüello, Noemí Castro. Sheep and goats raised in mixed flocks have diverse immune status around parturition. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019; 102 (9):8478-8485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Davinia Sánchez-Macías; Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez; Alexandr Torres; Anastasio Argüello; Noemí Castro. 2019. "Sheep and goats raised in mixed flocks have diverse immune status around parturition." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 9: 8478-8485.
In developing countries, interest in guinea pig farming is growing exponentially because it provides a regular source of high quality animal protein for domestic consumption. Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) are prolific animals, grow and are capable of reproduction on a flexible diet, and are adaptable to a wide range of climates. This article mainly reviews findings on guinea pig meat production, including factors affecting raising guinea pigs, carcass and meat quality. We also present some studies that describe biological and pathologic effects on carcass component composition. During the last decades no standard procedure has been established for guinea pig carcass evaluation, which makes very difficult any comparison of results with other studies around the world. Herein we highlight a variety of factors that significantly affect carcass and meat quality. Some of these factors are production systems, environmental and genetic factors, management systems, the diet and health status, age, sex and reproductive management.
Davinia Sánchez-Macías; Lida Barba-Maggi; Antonio Morales-Delanuez; Julio Palmay-Paredes. Guinea pig for meat production: A systematic review of factors affecting the production, carcass and meat quality. Meat Science 2018, 143, 165 -176.
AMA StyleDavinia Sánchez-Macías, Lida Barba-Maggi, Antonio Morales-Delanuez, Julio Palmay-Paredes. Guinea pig for meat production: A systematic review of factors affecting the production, carcass and meat quality. Meat Science. 2018; 143 ():165-176.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavinia Sánchez-Macías; Lida Barba-Maggi; Antonio Morales-Delanuez; Julio Palmay-Paredes. 2018. "Guinea pig for meat production: A systematic review of factors affecting the production, carcass and meat quality." Meat Science 143, no. : 165-176.
Lorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez; Davinia Sánchez Macías; Alexandr Torres; J. Capote; Anastasio Arguello; Noemí Castro. The effect of milk source on body weight and immune status of lambs. Livestock Science 2015, 175, 70 -76.
AMA StyleLorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano, Isabel Moreno-Indias, Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez, Davinia Sánchez Macías, Alexandr Torres, J. Capote, Anastasio Arguello, Noemí Castro. The effect of milk source on body weight and immune status of lambs. Livestock Science. 2015; 175 ():70-76.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez; Davinia Sánchez Macías; Alexandr Torres; J. Capote; Anastasio Arguello; Noemí Castro. 2015. "The effect of milk source on body weight and immune status of lambs." Livestock Science 175, no. : 70-76.
Davinia Sánchez Macías; Noemí Castro; Miguel A. Rivero; Anastasio Arguello; Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez. Proposal for standard methods and procedure for guinea pig carcass evaluation, jointing and tissue separation. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2015, 44, 65 -70.
AMA StyleDavinia Sánchez Macías, Noemí Castro, Miguel A. Rivero, Anastasio Arguello, Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez. Proposal for standard methods and procedure for guinea pig carcass evaluation, jointing and tissue separation. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2015; 44 (1):65-70.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavinia Sánchez Macías; Noemí Castro; Miguel A. Rivero; Anastasio Arguello; Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez. 2015. "Proposal for standard methods and procedure for guinea pig carcass evaluation, jointing and tissue separation." Journal of Applied Animal Research 44, no. 1: 65-70.
Several factors can affect lamb body weight (BW) and immune status during the first days of life, including colostrum source and timing of the first colostrum feeding. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of colostrum source (goat or sheep) and timing of the first colostrum feeding (2 or 14h after birth) on lamb BW and immune status. In this study, 40 lambs were removed from their dams at birth and randomly assigned into 4 groups of 10 lambs each. Lambs were subsequently fed at 2 or 14h after birth with goat or sheep colostrum. Blood samples and BW recording were performed before feeding. Blood plasma was used to measure the immunoglobulin concentration (IgG and IgM), chitotriosidase activity, and complement system activity (total and alternative pathways). In general, no differences in any of the measured variables were observed among the 4 groups, indicating that neither colostrum source nor timing of the first colostrum feeding had an effect on these variables. These findings may improve management on lamb farms that raise animals under artificial conditions, because our results indicate that it is not necessary to feed colostrum to lambs immediately after birth and that goat colostrum may be used to feed newborn lambs.
Lorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano; A. Morales-Delanuez; Davinia Sánchez Macías; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Alexandr Torres; J. Capote; Anastasio Arguello; N. Castro. The effect of colostrum source (goat vs. sheep) and timing of the first colostrum feeding (2 h vs. 14 h after birth) on body weight and immune status of artificially reared newborn lambs. Journal of Dairy Science 2015, 98, 204 -210.
AMA StyleLorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano, A. Morales-Delanuez, Davinia Sánchez Macías, Isabel Moreno-Indias, Alexandr Torres, J. Capote, Anastasio Arguello, N. Castro. The effect of colostrum source (goat vs. sheep) and timing of the first colostrum feeding (2 h vs. 14 h after birth) on body weight and immune status of artificially reared newborn lambs. Journal of Dairy Science. 2015; 98 (1):204-210.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano; A. Morales-Delanuez; Davinia Sánchez Macías; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Alexandr Torres; J. Capote; Anastasio Arguello; N. Castro. 2015. "The effect of colostrum source (goat vs. sheep) and timing of the first colostrum feeding (2 h vs. 14 h after birth) on body weight and immune status of artificially reared newborn lambs." Journal of Dairy Science 98, no. 1: 204-210.
Alexandr Torres; J. Capote; Anastasio Arguello; Davinia Sánchez Macías; A. Morales-Delanuez; N. Castro. Effects of oxytocin treatments on milk ejection in dairy goats traditionally milked once a day. Small Ruminant Research 2014, 120, 231 -233.
AMA StyleAlexandr Torres, J. Capote, Anastasio Arguello, Davinia Sánchez Macías, A. Morales-Delanuez, N. Castro. Effects of oxytocin treatments on milk ejection in dairy goats traditionally milked once a day. Small Ruminant Research. 2014; 120 (2-3):231-233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandr Torres; J. Capote; Anastasio Arguello; Davinia Sánchez Macías; A. Morales-Delanuez; N. Castro. 2014. "Effects of oxytocin treatments on milk ejection in dairy goats traditionally milked once a day." Small Ruminant Research 120, no. 2-3: 231-233.
Goats in Canary Islands are milked once a day by tradition, but in most countries with high technology on farms, goats are milked twice a day, which is known to improve milk yield. Therefore it is important to know whether the increase of milking frequency can improve the production without impairing milk quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the short term effects of three milking frequencies on milk yield, milk composition, somatic cell count (SCC) and milk protein profile in dairy goats traditionally milked once a day. Twelve Majorera goats in early lactation (48±4 d in milk) were used. During a 5-week period, goats were milked once a day (X1) in weeks 1 and 5, twice a day (X2) in weeks 2 and 4, and three times a day (X3) in week 3. Milk recording and sampling were done on the last day of each experimental week. Milk yield increased by 26% from X1 to X2. No differences were obtained when goats were switched from X2 to X3, and from X3 to X2. The goats recovered the production level when they returned to X1. Different patterns of changes in the milk constituents due to the milking frequency effect were observed. Fat percentage increased when switched from X1 to X2, then decreased from X2 to X3, and from X3 to X2, whereas it did not show significant differences from X2 to X1. Milking frequency did not affect the protein and lactose percentages. SCC values were unaffected when goats were milked X1, X2 and X3, but then they increased slightly when milking frequency was returned to X2 and X1. Finally, quantitative analysis showed an increase in intensities of milk protein bands from X1 to X2, but the intensities of casein bands (αS1-CN, αS2-CN, β-CN, κ-CN) and major whey proteins (α-La, β-Lg) decreased from X2 to X3.
Alexandr Torres; Lorenzo-Enrique Hernández-Castellano; Antonio Morales-Delanuez; Davinia Sánchez-Macías; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Noemi Castro; Juan Capote; Anastasio Argüello. Short-term effects of milking frequency on milk yield, milk composition, somatic cell count and milk protein profile in dairy goats. Journal of Dairy Research 2014, 81, 275 -279.
AMA StyleAlexandr Torres, Lorenzo-Enrique Hernández-Castellano, Antonio Morales-Delanuez, Davinia Sánchez-Macías, Isabel Moreno-Indias, Noemi Castro, Juan Capote, Anastasio Argüello. Short-term effects of milking frequency on milk yield, milk composition, somatic cell count and milk protein profile in dairy goats. Journal of Dairy Research. 2014; 81 (3):275-279.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlexandr Torres; Lorenzo-Enrique Hernández-Castellano; Antonio Morales-Delanuez; Davinia Sánchez-Macías; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Noemi Castro; Juan Capote; Anastasio Argüello. 2014. "Short-term effects of milking frequency on milk yield, milk composition, somatic cell count and milk protein profile in dairy goats." Journal of Dairy Research 81, no. 3: 275-279.
Ten Majorera dairy goats were divided into two groups in order to observe the effects of the Chlorella pyrenoidosa oral administration on the colostrum and milk quality and on the animals' immune status. Treated animals received 5 g/day of seaweed from 40 days before partum to 40 days after partum, and blood, colostrum, and milk samples were obtained during the experimental period. No effects of the seaweed addition were observed on blood plasma IgG or chitotriosidase (CHT) activity, neither on colostrum/milk IgG, CHT activity nor on fatty acid profile.
Isabel Moreno-Indias; L.E. Hernández-Castellano; C. Torres; A. Morales-Delanuez; Davinia Sánchez Macías; N. Castro; Anastasio Arguello. Use of microseaweeds ( Chlorella pyrenoidosa ) as a probiotic in dairy goats feeding. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2014, 42, 310 -316.
AMA StyleIsabel Moreno-Indias, L.E. Hernández-Castellano, C. Torres, A. Morales-Delanuez, Davinia Sánchez Macías, N. Castro, Anastasio Arguello. Use of microseaweeds ( Chlorella pyrenoidosa ) as a probiotic in dairy goats feeding. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2014; 42 (3):310-316.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIsabel Moreno-Indias; L.E. Hernández-Castellano; C. Torres; A. Morales-Delanuez; Davinia Sánchez Macías; N. Castro; Anastasio Arguello. 2014. "Use of microseaweeds ( Chlorella pyrenoidosa ) as a probiotic in dairy goats feeding." Journal of Applied Animal Research 42, no. 3: 310-316.
This study focused on the study of the changes originated in the milk from partum until d 90 of lactation. Ten multiparous Majorera goats, bred carefully under animal health standards, with a litter size of 2 kids (the average in this breed is 1.83 prolificacy) and similar gestation length (149 ± 1 d) were used. Goat kids were removed from their dams to avoid interferences with the study. Compositional content (fat, protein, and lactose) were measured, as well as some other properties, including pH, density, titratable acidity, ethanol stability, rennet clotting time, and somatic cell count. Moreover, immunity molecules (IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations and chitotriosidase activity) received great attention. Fat and protein content were higher in the first days postpartum, whereas lactose content was lower. Density, titratable acidity, rennet clotting time, and somatic cell count decreased throughout the lactation period, whereas pH and ethanol stability increased. Relative to the immunological parameters, each measured parameter obtained its maximum level at d 0, showing the first milking as the choice to provide immunity to the newborn kids. On the other hand, this study might be used to establish what the best use is: processing or kid feeding.
Davinia Sánchez Macías; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Noemí Castro; Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez; A. Argüello. From goat colostrum to milk: Physical, chemical, and immune evolution from partum to 90 days postpartum. Journal of Dairy Science 2014, 97, 10 -16.
AMA StyleDavinia Sánchez Macías, Isabel Moreno-Indias, Noemí Castro, Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez, A. Argüello. From goat colostrum to milk: Physical, chemical, and immune evolution from partum to 90 days postpartum. Journal of Dairy Science. 2014; 97 (1):10-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavinia Sánchez Macías; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Noemí Castro; Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez; A. Argüello. 2014. "From goat colostrum to milk: Physical, chemical, and immune evolution from partum to 90 days postpartum." Journal of Dairy Science 97, no. 1: 10-16.
The effects of Crypthecodinium cohnii (Cryp.), Chlorela spp. (Chlo.) and Isochrysis galbana (Iso.) addition to milk replacer on goat kids and lambs growth were evaluated. About 80 Majorera goat kids (males and females) and 80 Canarian sheep lambs were randomly assigned into four different groups (by specie) according to diet. Control groups were fed with a commercial milk replacer at 16% (w/w); Cryp. groups received a commercial milk replacer (15.1% w/w) supplemented with 9 g of a paste of C. cohnii; Chlo. groups received a commercial milk replacer (15.1% w/w) supplemented with 9 g of a paste of Chlorela spp.; Iso. groups received a commercial milk replacer (15.1% w/w) supplemented with 9 g of a paste of I. galbana. After colostrum period, animals were individually bottle-fed twice daily (8 am and 8 pm) ad libitum with the corresponding diet until day 60 of life. Animals were weighted every week at 8 am and liquid diet intake was recorded weekly. No effects of microseaweed addition were observed, neither growth nor milk replacer intake.
Antonio Jose Morales de la Nuez; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Davinia Sánchez Macías; Lorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano; A. Suarez-Trujillo; P. Assunção; A. Argüello; Noemí Castro; J. Capote. Effects ofCrypthecodinium cohnii,Chlorelaspp. andIsochrysis galbanaaddition to milk replacer on goat kids and lambs growth. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2013, 42, 213 -216.
AMA StyleAntonio Jose Morales de la Nuez, Isabel Moreno-Indias, Davinia Sánchez Macías, Lorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano, A. Suarez-Trujillo, P. Assunção, A. Argüello, Noemí Castro, J. Capote. Effects ofCrypthecodinium cohnii,Chlorelaspp. andIsochrysis galbanaaddition to milk replacer on goat kids and lambs growth. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2013; 42 (2):213-216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntonio Jose Morales de la Nuez; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Davinia Sánchez Macías; Lorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano; A. Suarez-Trujillo; P. Assunção; A. Argüello; Noemí Castro; J. Capote. 2013. "Effects ofCrypthecodinium cohnii,Chlorelaspp. andIsochrysis galbanaaddition to milk replacer on goat kids and lambs growth." Journal of Applied Animal Research 42, no. 2: 213-216.
Seasonal weight loss (SWL), caused by poor quality pastures during the dry season, is the major limitation to animal production in the tropics. One of the ways to counter this problem is to breed animals that show tolerance to SWL. The objective of this study was to understand the effect of feed restriction in milk production and live weight (LW) evolution in two goat breeds, with different levels of adaptation to nutritional stress: the Majorera (considered to be tolerant) and the Palmera (considered to be susceptible). A total of ten animals per breed were used. Animals were divided in four groups (two for each breed): a restricted group (restricted diet) and a control group. LW and milk yield parameters were recorded through a trial that lasted 23 days in total. Overall, there were no significant differences between both restricted groups, regarding neither LW nor milk yield reductions (LW reduction 13 % and milk yield reduction of 87 % for both restricted groups). In what concerns control groups, there were no significant differences between breeds, thought there were different increments at the end of the trial for both breeds regarding LW (6 and 4 %, for Majorera and Palmera, respectively) and milk yield (28 and 8 %, respectively for Majorera and Palmera). The lack of statistically significant differences between Palmera and Majorera LW and milk yields in restricted groups may be due to the fact that the controlled trial does not replicate harsh field conditions, in which Majorera would excel, and the stress induced by those differences.
Joana Lérias; Lorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano; Antonio Morales-Delanuez; Susana S. Araújo; Noemi Castro; Anastasio Argüello; Juan Capote; André M. Almeida. Body live weight and milk production parameters in the Majorera and Palmera goat breeds from the Canary Islands: influence of weight loss. Tropical Animal Health and Production 2013, 45, 1731 -1736.
AMA StyleJoana Lérias, Lorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano, Antonio Morales-Delanuez, Susana S. Araújo, Noemi Castro, Anastasio Argüello, Juan Capote, André M. Almeida. Body live weight and milk production parameters in the Majorera and Palmera goat breeds from the Canary Islands: influence of weight loss. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2013; 45 (8):1731-1736.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoana Lérias; Lorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano; Antonio Morales-Delanuez; Susana S. Araújo; Noemi Castro; Anastasio Argüello; Juan Capote; André M. Almeida. 2013. "Body live weight and milk production parameters in the Majorera and Palmera goat breeds from the Canary Islands: influence of weight loss." Tropical Animal Health and Production 45, no. 8: 1731-1736.
D. Sánchez-Macías; A. Morales-Delanuez; A. Torres; L.E. Hernández-Castellano; R. Jiménez-Flores; N. Castro; Anastasio Arguello. Effects of addition of somatic cells to caprine milk on cheese quality. International Dairy Journal 2013, 29, 61 -67.
AMA StyleD. Sánchez-Macías, A. Morales-Delanuez, A. Torres, L.E. Hernández-Castellano, R. Jiménez-Flores, N. Castro, Anastasio Arguello. Effects of addition of somatic cells to caprine milk on cheese quality. International Dairy Journal. 2013; 29 (2):61-67.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD. Sánchez-Macías; A. Morales-Delanuez; A. Torres; L.E. Hernández-Castellano; R. Jiménez-Flores; N. Castro; Anastasio Arguello. 2013. "Effects of addition of somatic cells to caprine milk on cheese quality." International Dairy Journal 29, no. 2: 61-67.
Within the subtropical outermost regions of Europe, meat is obtained from two sources: importation and local production. Transportation time is the critical factor that affects imported meat (IM) and carcass quality, whereas local meat (LM) is frequently obtained from regional breeds. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate local and imported carcasses and meat quality in order to promote the consumption of local breeds, using the Canary Islands (Spain) as a model for other subtropical outermost regions. For this study 20 half-carcasses from Palmera breed and 20 imported half-carcasses were used at two different weights (5 and 10 kg). Five-kilogram local lamb carcasses had less moisture and more protein than did comparable IM carcasses. LM did, however, contain lower levels of saturated fatty acids and more monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids than did IM. The atherogenicity index for LM was quite low, therefore, allowing local vendors to market their product as a healthier meat. Differences between LM and IM were not as dramatic when 10-kg carcasses were compared.
Lorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano; A. Morales-Delanuez; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Alexandr Torres; Davinia Sánchez Macías; J. Capote; N. Castro; Anastasio Arguello. Carcass and meat quality determination as a tool to promote local meat consumption in outermost regions of Europe. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2013, 41, 269 -276.
AMA StyleLorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano, A. Morales-Delanuez, Isabel Moreno-Indias, Alexandr Torres, Davinia Sánchez Macías, J. Capote, N. Castro, Anastasio Arguello. Carcass and meat quality determination as a tool to promote local meat consumption in outermost regions of Europe. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2013; 41 (3):269-276.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLorenzo Enrique Hernandez-Castellano; A. Morales-Delanuez; Isabel Moreno-Indias; Alexandr Torres; Davinia Sánchez Macías; J. Capote; N. Castro; Anastasio Arguello. 2013. "Carcass and meat quality determination as a tool to promote local meat consumption in outermost regions of Europe." Journal of Applied Animal Research 41, no. 3: 269-276.