Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. The high diversity of viral envelope proteins permits viruses to escape host immunity. Therefore, the development of a universal vaccine and broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) is essential for controlling various mutant viruses. Here, we review some potentially valuable bnAbs for influenza; one is a novel passive immunotherapy using a variable domain of heavy chain-only antibody (V_HH), and the other is polymeric immunoglobulin A (pIgA) induced by intranasal vaccination. Recently, it was reported that a tetravalent multidomain antibody (MDAb) was developed by genetic fusion of four V_HHs, which are bnAbs against the influenza A or B viruses. The transfer of a gene encoding the MDAb–Fc fusion protein provided cross-protection against both influenza A and B viruses in vivo. An intranasal universal influenza vaccine, which can induce neutralizing pIgAs in the upper respiratory tract, is currently undergoing clinical studies. A recent study has revealed that tetrameric IgAs formed in nasal mucosa are more broadly protective against influenza than the monomeric and dimeric forms. These broadly neutralizing antibodies have high potential to control the currently circulating influenza virus.

Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes that cleave the β-1,4-linkage ofwheat bran xylan. For screening of xylanase producing bacteria soil samples were diluted by serial dilution and cultured on selective wheat bran xylan agar media. Two bacterial strains showing clear transparent zone around the colony on xylan agar plate were selected as xylanase producing bacteria. The strain Paenibacillus sp. showed highest xylanolytic activity. The strain was thermophile and produced highly active cellulase free xylanase. The enzyme secretion was enhanced when the medium was supplemented with 0.5% wheat bran xylan, peptone and Ca ²⁺ salt. The peak in xylanase production was achieved within 48-60 hours at temperature 50°-55°C and at pH 7.0.The cellulase free xylanase was partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and heat treatment at 50°C. The xylanase was optimally active at pH 7.0 and 55°C; and showed high substrate activity to wheat bran xylan but no activity towards carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose and starch.In future we want to know the structure function relationship of the purified enzyme and also want to known the molecular biological study using highly purified xylanase. For this purpose we have to determine the N-terminal & C-terminal amino acid sequence.

In this investigation we included an extraction of Borassusflabilifer root and reported to have beneficial effect in lowering of blood pressure and treatment of hypertensive patients. Borassusflabilifer root were collected from various part of Noakhali and extract was prepared by following standard method. The present study was conducted to determine the in vivo effect of Borassusflabilifer root extract on tissues and serum lipids in experimental rats. 15 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and administered different doses of the extract for 30 days while control group received distilled water. Lipid profile in the serum, liver, kidney and heart of the experimental animals were measured and compared with the control. Borassusflabilifer caused significant (p<0.0) reduction in serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in a dose dependent manner in rats while serum HDL cholesterol was significantly elevated. Serum triglyceride level was not significantly affected. There was also a significant increase in the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver while lipid profile in the heart and Kidney were unaffected. This result suggests positive alterations in lipid metabolism and storage in rats which corroborate the efficacy of Borassusflabilifer root extract in the management of atherosclerosis caused by lipid abnormalities. We can develop techniques on rational design of drug for the treatment of heart diseases and further study can lead to the development of a therapy for other diseases like diabetes.