Recent crop production studies have aimed at an increase in the biotic and abiotic tolerance of plant communities, along with increased nutrient availability and crop yields. This can be achieved in various ways, but one of the emerging approaches is to understand the phytomicrobiome structure and associated chemical communications. The phytomicrobiome was characterized with the advent of high-throughput techniques. Its composition and chemical signaling phenomena have been revealed, leading the way for “rhizosphere engineering”. In addition to the above, phytomicrobiome studies have paved the way to best tackling soil contamination with various anthropogenic activities. Agricultural lands have been found to be unbalanced for crop production. Due to the intense application of agricultural chemicals such as herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, fertilizers, etc., which can only be rejuvenated efficiently through detailed studies on the phytomicrobiome component, the phytomicrobiome has recently emerged as a primary plant trait that affects crop production. The phytomicrobiome also acts as an essential modifying factor in plant root exudation and vice versa, resulting in better plant health and crop yield both in terms of quantity and quality. Not only supporting better plant growth, phytomicrobiome members are involved in the degradation of toxic materials, alleviating the stress conditions that adversely affect plant development. Thus, the present review compiles the progress in understanding phytomicrobiome relationships and their application in achieving the goal of sustainable agriculture.

Castor (RicinusCommunis. L, 2n=20) is crop of tropical, sub tropical and warm temperate regions. Castor is most promising crop for the commercial and medicinal values. In recent years castor production is lessen due to Macrophomina Phaseolina diseases outbreak which is a necrotrophic soil borne pathogen. Macrophomina Phaseolina diseases known as root rot which cause severe diseases especially in dry area. In India it can damage 80-100% crop. No effective controlling measures are mentioned till date for disease. The more practical practices to control the disease are to identify castor resistant genotype from the Macrophomina Phaseolina fungus. There is very less information regarding the molecular aspect of castor JI 357 and 48-1 respectively resistant and susceptible genotype. Thus, Resistant genotype of castor provides basis of utilization of molecular approach in the molecular study of resistant genes and mechanism of their gene expression to increase the resistant genotype of castor whereas susceptible genotype helps in the compare the expression and activity of gene. Genome sequencing of resistant and susceptible castor genotype was carried out in Ion Torrent (PGM), Next Generation Sequencer. The data obtained in which resistant sample posses total 2,651,111 reads with total 379,341,629 bases with the average read length of 143 bp with 8 lowest and 597 highest sequence length with 43% of GC content in resistant genotype and in susceptible total 124,860 reads were generated with total 16,681,708 bases with the average read length of 134 bp with 8 lowest and 572 highest sequence length with 54% of GC content in susceptible sample of castor. Overall, 401Mb data was generated for resistant and susceptible sample with total reads 2,853,224. Blast2GO tool used to annotate the function of genes according to homologous sequence in resistant castor genotype JI357 out of 100,000 sequences, 89000 sequences were used for GO annotation, 3900 was blasted without hit and 2500 was blast with hit. Among that Ricinus communis have highest hits in resistant genotype while in susceptible 48-1 genotype of castor root in total 18,500 sequence, 4250 sequence used in with GO slim annotation, 9500 sequence used in mapping, 100 sequence found with blast hits and 4500 sequence is with blast (without hits) blast Go analysis.