A novel collision avoidance (CA) algorithm was proposed based on the modified artificial potential field (APF) method, to construct a practical ship automatic CA system. Considering the constraints of both the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS) and the motion characteristics of the ship, the multi-ship CA algorithm was realized by modifying the repulsive force model in the APF method. Furthermore, the distance from the closest point of approach-time to the closest point of approach (DCPA-TCPA) criterion was selected as the unique adjustable parameter from the perspective of navigation practice. Collaborative CA experiments were designed and conducted to validate the proposed algorithm. The results of the experiments revealed that the actual DCPA and TCPA agree well with the parameter setup that keeps the ship at a safe distance from other ships in complex encountering situations. Consequently, the algorithm proposed in this study can achieve efficient automatic CA with minimal parameter settings. Moreover, the navigators can easily accept and comprehend the adjustable parameters, enabling the algorithm to satisfy the demand of the engineering applications.

Deep Transfer Learning (DTL) signifies a novel paradigm in machine learning, merging the superiorities of deep learning in feature representation with the merits of transfer learning in knowledge transference. This synergistic integration propels DTL to the forefront of research and development within the Intelligent Fault Diagnosis (IFD) sphere. While the early DTL paradigms, reliant on fine-tuning, demonstrated effectiveness, they encountered considerable obstacles in complex domains. In response to these challenges, Adversarial Deep Transfer Learning (ADTL) emerged. This review first categorizes ADTL into non-generative and generative models. The former expands upon traditional DTL, focusing on the efficient transference of features and mapping relationships, while the latter employs technologies such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to facilitate feature transformation. A thorough examination of the recent advancements of ADTL in the IFD field follows. The review concludes by summarizing the current challenges and future directions for DTL in fault diagnosis, including issues such as data imbalance, negative transfer, and adversarial training stability. Through this cohesive analysis, this review aims to offer valuable insights and guidance for the optimization and implementation of ADTL in real-world industrial scenarios.

Mechanical equipment is a vital foundational support for promoting national economic development and is widely utilized in key sectors such as aerospace, shipping, construction machinery, energy, petrochemicals, and robotics. With the advancement of artificial intelligence and industrial intelligence, industrial big data and its intelligent analysis provide robust support for fault prediction and health management of equipment. Building on existing research, intelligent diagnostics for mechanical equipment based on deep learning have gained significant attention and application. However, the success of big data relies on comprehensive fault data, which is challenging to obtain in practical applications where continuous equipment operation is essential. Moreover, mechanical equipment often operates under varying conditions, leading to different data distributions for training and testing. This discrepancy can result in low diagnostic accuracy or even failure of deep learning methods. Deep Transfer Learning (DTL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm that not only leverages the advantages of deep learning (DL) in feature representation but also harnesses the strengths of transfer learning (TL) in knowledge transfer. Consequently, DTL techniques can make deep learning-based fault diagnosis methods more reliable, robust, and applicable, leading to extensive development and research in the field of intelligent fault diagnosis. This paper primarily introduces adversarial-based deep transfer learning (ADTL) models, which are fundamentally based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). We provide a detailed discussion of the main applications of ADTL and its recent developments in intelligent fault diagnosis, along with some future challenges and prospects.

Most rolling element bearing (REB) fault diagnosis algorithms are evaluated on the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing dataset for its popularity and simplicity. However, the diagnosis accuracy on CWRU bearing dataset is overly saturated; it is nearly up to 100%. In this study, an input feature mappings (IFMs)-based deep residual network (ResNet) is proposed to conduct detailed and comprehensive fault diagnosis on REB with complicated bearing dataset. Firstly, a new data preprocessing method named as a signal-to-IFMs method is proposed to automatically extract features from raw signals without predefined parameters. Then, a deep ResNet is used as the fault classifier to learn the discriminative features from IFMs and identify the faults of REB. Finally, the proposed model is evaluated on the artificial, real, and mixed damages of the Paderborn university bearing dataset. The proposed method yields the average testing accuracies of 99.7%, 99.7%, and 99.81% in artificial, real, and mixed bearing damages, which outperforms other methods.