Variations in the number and diversity of bacteria from the skin of brown trout Salmo trutta L. and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum were surveyed from different rivers and fish farms in northern Spain. In addition to determining bacterial populations in skin samples of healthy fish, bacterial populations were determined from skin lesions (of brown trout only) infected with Saprolegnia parasitica, the causal agent of saprolegniosis. Mean bacterial counts from skin lesions of brown trout suffering from saprolegniosis were nearly 1000 times greater than from the skin of uninfected brown and rainbow trout. More than 20 different genera of bacteria were identified, with isolates of Aeromonas and Iodobacter being the predominant genera associated with saprolegniosis lesions. The in vitro inhibitory activity of 72 of these skin isolates was tested against S. parasitica using 3 different assays. These included (1) assessing the inhibition by bacteria of colony growth on agar media, (2) the inhibition of colony growth from colonized hemp seeds in liquid media and (3) the inhibition of cyst germination in liquid media. Finally, the fungicidal effect of the 24 most inhibitory bacterial species, and the inhibitory activity of their culture supernatants, was tested in the same way. Isolates identified as Aeromonas piscicola, A. sobria, Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas fluorescens achieved the highest inhibition against S. parasitica. Many of these inhibitory isolates were obtained primarily from skin lesions of fish with saprolegniosis. It is suggested that some of these isolates might be useful in the biological control of saprolegniosis.

The royal burial chamber of what is today the Collegiate-Basilica of St. Isidoro in León, Spain, built and remodeled between the 10th and 13th centuries and in the 20th century renamed the Kings' Pantheon, has 13 royal tombs that were opened in the presence of the Abbot-Prior of the Collegiate to enable a group of researchers to obtain all possible information from the royal remains. Several samples were sent to the Parasitology Unit of the Animal Pathology (Animal Health) Department at the Veterinary Faculty of León (Spain). In all the tombs, eggs and remains of nonparasitic mites were observed. In a piece of linen cloth from the bottom of 1 tomb, an Anoplocephala perfoliata egg was found. Furthermore, 4 mummified bodies were found. In 2 of these, those belonging to Infantes María and Fernando, Ascaris lumbricoides eggs were found and in the latter Trichuris trichiura eggs. We have not found in the literature reviewed any records of studies of this kind carried out in Spain.