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One of the most influential behavioral models of family conflict is G. R. Patterson's (1982) coercive family process theory. Self-reports for behaviors related to coercion (e.g., hostility toward a family member) abound; however, there are no self-report measures for coercive process itself, which is, by definition, a dyadic process. Operationalizations of coercive process are measured with behavioral observation, typically including sequential analyzed, microcoded behaviors. Despite its objectivity and rigor, coding of behavior observation is not always feasible in research and applied settings because of the high training, personnel, and time costs the observation requires. Because coercive process has been shown to predict a host of maladaptive outcomes (e.g., parent-child conflict, aggression, negative health outcomes) and given the complete absence of self-report measures of coercive process, we recently designed brief questionnaires to assess coercive process in couple (Couple Coercive Process Scale [CCPS]) and parent-child interactions (Parent-Child Coercive Process Scale [PCCPS]) and tested them via Qualtrics participant panels in samples recruited to mirror socioeconomic generalizability to U.S. Census data. The CCPS and PCCPS exhibited initial evidence of psychometric quality in measuring coercive process in couple and parent-child dyads: Both measures are unifactorial; have evidence of reliability, especially at higher levels of coercive process; and demonstrate concurrent validity with constructs in their nomological networks, with medium to large effect sizes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Danielle M. Mitnick; Michael F. Lorber; Amy M. Smith Slep; Richard E. Heyman; Shu Xu; Lisanne J. Bulling; Sara R. Nichols; J. Mark Eddy. Self-report measures of coercive process in couple and parent–child dyads. Journal of Family Psychology 2021, 35, 388 -398.
AMA StyleDanielle M. Mitnick, Michael F. Lorber, Amy M. Smith Slep, Richard E. Heyman, Shu Xu, Lisanne J. Bulling, Sara R. Nichols, J. Mark Eddy. Self-report measures of coercive process in couple and parent–child dyads. Journal of Family Psychology. 2021; 35 (3):388-398.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanielle M. Mitnick; Michael F. Lorber; Amy M. Smith Slep; Richard E. Heyman; Shu Xu; Lisanne J. Bulling; Sara R. Nichols; J. Mark Eddy. 2021. "Self-report measures of coercive process in couple and parent–child dyads." Journal of Family Psychology 35, no. 3: 388-398.
Introduction The U.S. Air Force (USAF) conducted a program of research to develop and disseminate reliable and valid criteria for partner and child maltreatment (comprising abuse [physical, emotional/psychological, and sexual] and neglect). These criteria are now used in all branches of the U.S. military. The U.S. Army was the first service outside the USAF to adopt the criteria sets and computerized decision support tool but maintained the original committee composition (the “Case Review Committee” [CRC]) instead of adopting the entire assessment, allegation determination, and treatment planning process (the “Field-tested Assessment, Intervention-planning, and Response” [FAIR] system). The Army commissioned this study to compare the CRC and FAIR processes by testing (1) intra-committee process (i.e., three facets of committee functioning—fidelity to regulations, cohesion and team process, outsized influence of unit representatives); (2) coordinated community response to maltreatment (i.e., perceptions of fairness to alleged offenders and victims, impact on unit representatives, and (3) collaboration between the Family Advocacy Program (FAP, the military’s maltreatment response agency) and outside agencies; and (4) the time expended and cost. Materials and Methods New York University’s Institutional Review Board approved the study protocol, and the Army’s Human Research Protection Office provided permission to collect data. The ten Army garrisons with the most annual maltreatment cases participated. Committee members, FAP social workers, unit commanders, and independent observers completed assessments of individual meetings and of their overall impression of the processes. A test of whether the means significantly differed between phases was then performed separately for each outcome, and 95% CIs of the unstandardized mean difference between phases were estimated. Results Independent observers rated FAIR meetings as significantly more faithful to regulations. Unit representatives (i.e., commanders and/or first sergeants) perceived the committee to function better during FAIR (although other committee members and independent observers did not perceive differences). Unit representatives not only rated FAIR as significantly more fair to both alleged offenders and victims (ratings from other committee members did not differ), but also were more likely to attend FAIR meetings and, when they did, rated their ability to serve soldiers and families higher during FAIR. However, FAP social workers rated their relationships with units as being better during CRC, and outside agencies rated their relationship with FAP as significantly better during CRC. Costs to the Army were nearly identical in the two committee structures. Conclusion Results indicated that the CRC and FAIR processes cost almost identical amounts to run and that the FAIR system was superior in ways most likely to impact service members: (1) independent observers judged its meetings to be more faithful to Army and DoD Instructions; (2) unit representatives were more likely to attend and believed the FAIR system to be fairer (to both alleged offenders and victims) and better functioning. Care should be taken, however, in nurturing relationships between FAP and (1) unit representatives and (2) outside agencies, which may have weakened during FAIR.
Richard E Heyman; Amy M Smith Slep; Danielle M Mitnick; Sara R Nichols; Kathleen M Cracknell; Stacey S Tiberio; Sangwon Kim; Daniel F Perkins. Evaluation of Two Approaches for Responding to Allegations of Family Maltreatment in the U.S. Army: Coordinated Community Response Impacts and Costs. Military Medicine 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleRichard E Heyman, Amy M Smith Slep, Danielle M Mitnick, Sara R Nichols, Kathleen M Cracknell, Stacey S Tiberio, Sangwon Kim, Daniel F Perkins. Evaluation of Two Approaches for Responding to Allegations of Family Maltreatment in the U.S. Army: Coordinated Community Response Impacts and Costs. Military Medicine. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard E Heyman; Amy M Smith Slep; Danielle M Mitnick; Sara R Nichols; Kathleen M Cracknell; Stacey S Tiberio; Sangwon Kim; Daniel F Perkins. 2021. "Evaluation of Two Approaches for Responding to Allegations of Family Maltreatment in the U.S. Army: Coordinated Community Response Impacts and Costs." Military Medicine , no. : 1.
Background. This study examined the impact of the implementation of the Field-tested Assessment, Intervention-planning, and Response (FAIR) system for maltreatment determination on two measures recidivism of family maltreatment. Methods. The 10 U.S. Army installations with the largest caseloads participated. Data were collected when Family Advocacy Program staff used the then-in-place system and then the FAIR system. Cases in each system were followed for six months following their abuse determination to measure the probability of subsequent allegations. Additionally, at five installations, alleged victims of partner abuse were recruited into a confidential study in which they anonymously reported on intimate partner violence via telephone. Results. Both studies found that the FAIR system results in decreased recidivism, measured through subsequent formal reports and anonymous victim reports. Conclusions. This study replicates and extends earlier findings that employing the FAIR system can result in decreased family maltreatment re-offense.
Amy M. Smith Slep; Richard Heyman; Danielle Mitnick; Michael Lorber; Sara Nichols; Daniel Perkins. Fairly-Decided Maltreatment Determinations Significantly Reduce Recidivism? A Quasi-experimental Evaluation of a System-Level Intervention Implementation. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAmy M. Smith Slep, Richard Heyman, Danielle Mitnick, Michael Lorber, Sara Nichols, Daniel Perkins. Fairly-Decided Maltreatment Determinations Significantly Reduce Recidivism? A Quasi-experimental Evaluation of a System-Level Intervention Implementation. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmy M. Smith Slep; Richard Heyman; Danielle Mitnick; Michael Lorber; Sara Nichols; Daniel Perkins. 2021. "Fairly-Decided Maltreatment Determinations Significantly Reduce Recidivism? A Quasi-experimental Evaluation of a System-Level Intervention Implementation." , no. : 1.
The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force has recommended that clinicians screen patients for intimate partner violence (IPV). This article aims to develop and test the first screeners for clinically significant physical and psychological IPV (i.e., acts meeting criteria in the International Classification of Diseases (11th ed.; ICD-11; World Health Organization, 2019) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The goal was to derive screeners that (1) are maximally brief, while still achieving high sensitivity and specificity; (2) assess perpetration and victimization when either men or women are reporting; and (3) use ICD-11/DSM-5 criteria as the reference standard. Random samples of active duty service members at 82 installations worldwide were obtained via e-mail invitation (2006: N = 54,543; 2008: N = 48,909); their response rates were excellent for long general population surveys with no payment (2006: 44.7%, 2008: 49.0%). The population of spouses at the participating installation was invited by mailed postcard (2006: N = 19,722; 2008: N = 12,127; response rates-2006: 12.3%, 2008: 10.8%). Clinically significant physical intimate partner violence can be effectively screened with as few as four items, with sensitivities > 90% and specificities > 95%; clinically significant psychological intimate partner violence can be screened with two items. Men and women can be screened with equivalent accuracy, as can those committing the violence and those victimized by it. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Richard E. Heyman; Katherine J. W. Baucom; Shu Xu; Amy M. Smith Slep; Jeffery D. Snarr; Heather M. Foran; Michael F. Lorber; Alexandra K. Wojda; David J. Linkh. High sensitivity and specificity screening for clinically significant intimate partner violence. Journal of Family Psychology 2021, 35, 80 -91.
AMA StyleRichard E. Heyman, Katherine J. W. Baucom, Shu Xu, Amy M. Smith Slep, Jeffery D. Snarr, Heather M. Foran, Michael F. Lorber, Alexandra K. Wojda, David J. Linkh. High sensitivity and specificity screening for clinically significant intimate partner violence. Journal of Family Psychology. 2021; 35 (1):80-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard E. Heyman; Katherine J. W. Baucom; Shu Xu; Amy M. Smith Slep; Jeffery D. Snarr; Heather M. Foran; Michael F. Lorber; Alexandra K. Wojda; David J. Linkh. 2021. "High sensitivity and specificity screening for clinically significant intimate partner violence." Journal of Family Psychology 35, no. 1: 80-91.
We tested hypotheses about moment‐to‐moment interpersonal influences on anger during couples’ conflict, and the association of those anger dynamics with relationship satisfaction and intimate partner violence (IPV). Displayed anger was coded from laboratory observations of cohabiting couples (N = 197); experienced anger was assessed via a video‐recall procedure. Credible, but variable, associations were found in which a person’s anger display at one moment was linked to change in the partner’s anger display and experience in the next moment. Women’s anger experience was more strongly influenced by men’s anger displays in couples with higher levels of IPV and couples with lower levels of relationship satisfaction. The displayed anger of men who perpetrated higher levels of IPV was more strongly influenced by women’s anger displays. Overall, when individuals displayed higher intensity anger, partners reacted with increasingly angry feelings but decreasingly angry displays. Results suggest that anger dynamics relate to dyadic processes and that dynamics relate to important relationship outcomes. Dyadic anger dynamics might prove a worthy intervention target.
Amy M. Slep; Richard E. Heyman; Michael F. Lorber; Stacey S. Tiberio; Katherine L. Casillas. Couples’ Anger Dynamics during Conflict: Interpersonal Anger Regulation, Relationship Satisfaction, and Intimate Partner Violence. Family Process 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAmy M. Slep, Richard E. Heyman, Michael F. Lorber, Stacey S. Tiberio, Katherine L. Casillas. Couples’ Anger Dynamics during Conflict: Interpersonal Anger Regulation, Relationship Satisfaction, and Intimate Partner Violence. Family Process. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmy M. Slep; Richard E. Heyman; Michael F. Lorber; Stacey S. Tiberio; Katherine L. Casillas. 2021. "Couples’ Anger Dynamics during Conflict: Interpersonal Anger Regulation, Relationship Satisfaction, and Intimate Partner Violence." Family Process , no. : 1.
To examine the concordance between patients’ experience and expression of unpleasant emotions in a health care context, 21 patients presenting to a university dental clinic were observed for expressed unpleasant emotions and patients provided the intensity of their experienced unpleasant emotions. We found low convergence between experience and expression. Most of the time that patients experience unpleasant emotions they do not express them, and 80% of the time patients express unpleasant emotions they are not experiencing them at the time. Providers need to frequently check in with patients regarding their emotional experience during appointments, as it is infrequently accessible to providers.
Richard E Heyman; Katherine J W Baucom; Jill Giresi; Liza J Isaac; Amy M Smith Slep. Patient Experience and Expression of Unpleasant Emotions During Health Care Encounters. Journal of Patient Experience 2020, 7, 969 -972.
AMA StyleRichard E Heyman, Katherine J W Baucom, Jill Giresi, Liza J Isaac, Amy M Smith Slep. Patient Experience and Expression of Unpleasant Emotions During Health Care Encounters. Journal of Patient Experience. 2020; 7 (6):969-972.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard E Heyman; Katherine J W Baucom; Jill Giresi; Liza J Isaac; Amy M Smith Slep. 2020. "Patient Experience and Expression of Unpleasant Emotions During Health Care Encounters." Journal of Patient Experience 7, no. 6: 969-972.
Introduction We evaluated the effectiveness of New Orientation for Reducing Threats to Health from Secretive-problems That Affect Readiness (NORTH STAR), a community assessment, planning, and action framework to reduce the prevalence of suicidality, substance problems, intimate partner violence, and child abuse. Materials and Methods One-third of U.S. Air Force bases worldwide were randomly assigned to NORTH STAR (n = 12) or an assessment-and-feedback-only condition (n = 12). Two Air Force-wide, cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based surveys were conducted of randomly selected samples assessing risk/protective factors and outcomes. This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board at the investigators’ university and by the institutional review board at Fort Detrick. Results NORTH STAR, relative to control, bases experienced a 33% absolute risk reduction in hazardous drinking rates and cumulative risk, although, given the small number of bases, these effects were not statistically significant. Conclusions Given its relatively low cost, use of empirically supported light-touch interventions, and emphasis on sustainability with existing resources, NORTH STAR may be a useful system for prevention of a range of adult behavioral health problems that are difficult to impact.
Amy M Smith Slep; Richard E Heyman; Michael F Lorber; David J Linkh. The Impact of NORTH STAR on Suicidality, Substance Problems, Intimate Partner Violence, and Child Abuse. Military Medicine 2020, 186, e351 -e358.
AMA StyleAmy M Smith Slep, Richard E Heyman, Michael F Lorber, David J Linkh. The Impact of NORTH STAR on Suicidality, Substance Problems, Intimate Partner Violence, and Child Abuse. Military Medicine. 2020; 186 (3-4):e351-e358.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmy M Smith Slep; Richard E Heyman; Michael F Lorber; David J Linkh. 2020. "The Impact of NORTH STAR on Suicidality, Substance Problems, Intimate Partner Violence, and Child Abuse." Military Medicine 186, no. 3-4: e351-e358.
Child maltreatment and intimate partner abuse determinations often include judgments (e.g., severity) that go beyond whether or not the allegations are founded. Severity ratings inform multiple stakeholders (e.g., researchers, policymakers, clinicians, supervisors) and response pathways (e.g., “differential response” to child maltreatment). However, because severity guidelines typically only provide global direction for raters, these gradations are often of questionable reliability (and thus validity). Extending earlier work developing and implementing reliable and valid family maltreatment substantiation criteria (e.g., Heyman & Slep, 2006 , 2009 ), a classification system for maltreatment severity was created, refined, and field-tested with a sample of clinicians from the largest maltreatment protection agency in the United States The goal was to develop operationalized criteria delineating mild, moderate, and severe maltreatment that could be consistently applied across types of maltreatment, raters, and clinics. To facilitate proper use, a computerized clinical decision support tool for the criteria was created. First, the severity classification system was piloted and refined at four sites throughout the United States. Then, clinicians at these sites ( N = 28) and a master reviewer independently rated de-identified cases as part of the clinicians’ routine assessments. Agreement between clinicians and the master reviewer was excellent for all types of maltreatment. Implications for practical dissemination are discussed.
Ann C. Eckardt Erlanger; Richard E. Heyman; Amy M. Smith Slep. Creating and Testing the Reliability of a Family Maltreatment Severity Classification System. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleAnn C. Eckardt Erlanger, Richard E. Heyman, Amy M. Smith Slep. Creating and Testing the Reliability of a Family Maltreatment Severity Classification System. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnn C. Eckardt Erlanger; Richard E. Heyman; Amy M. Smith Slep. 2020. "Creating and Testing the Reliability of a Family Maltreatment Severity Classification System." Journal of Interpersonal Violence , no. : 1.
If high-conflict family environments are cariogenic across cultures, and can be studied in cultures where both these environments and cariogenic dental practices are particularly prevalent, this would afford the opportunity to examine how these two pathways of risk might interact, laying the stage for culturally competent, integrated prevention efforts. The first investigation involved qualitative data about perceptions of oral health and family stressors in Grenadian families with school-aged children. The second study used a questionnaire and observational data to assess relations among oral health behaviors, relationship satisfaction, parenting, and child behavior; it also included a pilot study of Motivational Interviewing. Most of the themes discussed in focus groups suggested overlap between U.S. and Grenadian parents; possible culture-specific issues were high prevalence of single-parent homes, normativity of physical discipline, less preventive dental care, and more fatalistic view of oral health outcomes. Significant associations were found between parent and child oral health behaviors, between child externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and between family variables (e.g., relationship satisfaction, child behavior) and oral health behaviors (e.g., parent flossing, child brush time). The results strongly support the need for research on the relations between family functioning and oral health to be embedded within culture.
Danielle Mitnick; Ashley Dills; Amy M. Smith Slep; Richard E. Heyman; Jill Giresi. Family Influences on Caries in Grenada. Dentistry Journal 2020, 8, 105 .
AMA StyleDanielle Mitnick, Ashley Dills, Amy M. Smith Slep, Richard E. Heyman, Jill Giresi. Family Influences on Caries in Grenada. Dentistry Journal. 2020; 8 (3):105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanielle Mitnick; Ashley Dills; Amy M. Smith Slep; Richard E. Heyman; Jill Giresi. 2020. "Family Influences on Caries in Grenada." Dentistry Journal 8, no. 3: 105.
We evaluated the effectiveness of NORTH STAR, a community assessment, planning, and action framework to reduce the prevalence of several secretive adult problems (hazardous drinking, controlled prescription drug misuse, suicidality, and clinically significant intimate partner violence and child abuse [both emotional and physical]) as well as cumulative risk. One-third of US Air Force (AF) bases worldwide were randomly assigned to NORTH STAR (n = 12) or an assessment-and-feedback-only condition (n = 12). Two AF-wide, cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based surveys were conducted of randomly selected samples assessing risk/protective factors and outcomes. Process data regarding attitudes, context, and implementation factors were also collected from Community Action Team members. Analyzed at the level of individuals, NORTH STAR significantly reduced intimate partner emotional abuse, child physical abuse, and suicidality, at sites with supportive conditions for community prevention (i.e., moderation effects). Given its relatively low cost, use of empirically supported light-touch interventions, and emphasis on sustainability with existing resources, NORTH STAR may be a useful framework for the prevention of a range of adult behavioral health problems that are difficult to impact.
Amy M. Smith Slep; Richard E. Heyman; Michael F. Lorber; Katherine J. W. Baucom; David J. Linkh. Evaluating the Effectiveness of NORTH STAR: a Community-Based Framework to Reduce Adult Substance Misuse, Intimate Partner Violence, Child Abuse, Suicidality, and Cumulative Risk. Prevention Science 2020, 21, 949 -959.
AMA StyleAmy M. Smith Slep, Richard E. Heyman, Michael F. Lorber, Katherine J. W. Baucom, David J. Linkh. Evaluating the Effectiveness of NORTH STAR: a Community-Based Framework to Reduce Adult Substance Misuse, Intimate Partner Violence, Child Abuse, Suicidality, and Cumulative Risk. Prevention Science. 2020; 21 (7):949-959.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmy M. Smith Slep; Richard E. Heyman; Michael F. Lorber; Katherine J. W. Baucom; David J. Linkh. 2020. "Evaluating the Effectiveness of NORTH STAR: a Community-Based Framework to Reduce Adult Substance Misuse, Intimate Partner Violence, Child Abuse, Suicidality, and Cumulative Risk." Prevention Science 21, no. 7: 949-959.
Objective To examine couple and parenting outcomes from an American version of Couple CARE for Parents (CCP) in low‐income, unmarried couples. Background We adapted an evidence‐based, flexibly delivered program for use with low‐income, unmarried couples, for whom the outcome literature is scarce. Method Couples (N = 443) were recruited from maternity units and began CCP. They completed measures before, during, and immediately after the intervention and again 6 months later. Results Experience of moderate psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) declined and perceived parenting efficacy increased over time; there was no change in severe psychological or physical IPV. Individuals with lower levels of relationship commitment than their partners showed improvement in relationship satisfaction, whereas those with similar or higher levels of commitment maintained their baseline levels despite being in a period of expected satisfaction decline. Conclusion CCP showed some signs of helping low‐income couples during a stressful period, and its flexible service delivery model allowed these couples to participate by reducing the impediments of transportation challenges, conflicting work schedules, and overall time poverty. Implications The results of this study suggest practitioners interested in using CCP with low‐income couples would likely maximize the impact by (a) focusing on pregnant, first‐time parents; (b) integrating CCP within postnatal health care; and (c) assuming that a considerable minority of couples will avail themselves of only up to two sessions, and thus practitioners should frontload content, making other content optional or just‐in‐time. In addition, nonpsychoeducational elements (e.g., gamification, easy computerized tasks to reduce angry responses, watching couple‐themed movies) could enliven preventative offerings for perinatal couples.
Richard E. Heyman; Katherine J. W. Baucom; Amy M. Smith Slep; Danielle M. Mitnick; W. Kim Halford. An Uncontrolled Trial of Flexibly Delivered Relationship Education With Low‐Income , Unmarried Perinatal Couples. Family Relations 2020, 69, 849 -864.
AMA StyleRichard E. Heyman, Katherine J. W. Baucom, Amy M. Smith Slep, Danielle M. Mitnick, W. Kim Halford. An Uncontrolled Trial of Flexibly Delivered Relationship Education With Low‐Income , Unmarried Perinatal Couples. Family Relations. 2020; 69 (4):849-864.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard E. Heyman; Katherine J. W. Baucom; Amy M. Smith Slep; Danielle M. Mitnick; W. Kim Halford. 2020. "An Uncontrolled Trial of Flexibly Delivered Relationship Education With Low‐Income , Unmarried Perinatal Couples." Family Relations 69, no. 4: 849-864.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health problem that has been shown to lead to serious mental health consequences. Due to its frequent co-occurrence with psychiatric disorders, it is important to assess for IPV in mental health settings to improve treatment planning and referral. However, lack of training in how to identify and respond to IPV has been identified as a barrier for the assessment of IPV. The present study seeks to better understand this IPV-related training gap by assessing global mental health professionals’ experiences of IPV-related training and factors that contribute to their likelihood of receiving training. Participants were French-, Spanish-, and Japanese-speaking psychologists and psychiatrists ( N = 321) from 24 nations differing on variables related to IPV, including IPV prevalence, IPV-related norms, and IPV-related laws. Participants responded to an online survey asking them to describe their experiences of IPV-related training (i.e., components and hours of training) and were asked to rate the frequency with which they encountered IPV in clinical practice and their level of knowledge and experience related to relationship problems; 53.1% of participants indicated that they had received IPV-related training. Clinicians from countries with relatively better implemented laws addressing IPV and those who encountered IPV more often in their regular practice were more likely to have received training. Participants who had received IPV-related training, relative to those without training, were more likely to report greater knowledge and experience related to relationship problems. Findings suggest that clinicians’ awareness of IPV and the institutional context in which they practice are related to training. Training, in turn, is associated with subjective appraisals of knowledge and experience related to relationship problems. Increasing institutional efforts to address IPV (e.g., implementing IPV legislation) may contribute to improved practices with regard to IPV in mental health settings.
Samantha C. Burns; Cary S. Kogan; Richard E. Heyman; Heather M. Foran; Amy M. Smith Slep; Tecelli Dominguez-Martinez; Jean Grenier; Chihiro Matsumoto; Geoffrey M. Reed. Exploring Mental Health Professionals’ Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence–Related Training: Results From a Global Survey. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleSamantha C. Burns, Cary S. Kogan, Richard E. Heyman, Heather M. Foran, Amy M. Smith Slep, Tecelli Dominguez-Martinez, Jean Grenier, Chihiro Matsumoto, Geoffrey M. Reed. Exploring Mental Health Professionals’ Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence–Related Training: Results From a Global Survey. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamantha C. Burns; Cary S. Kogan; Richard E. Heyman; Heather M. Foran; Amy M. Smith Slep; Tecelli Dominguez-Martinez; Jean Grenier; Chihiro Matsumoto; Geoffrey M. Reed. 2020. "Exploring Mental Health Professionals’ Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence–Related Training: Results From a Global Survey." Journal of Interpersonal Violence , no. : 1.
This study explored whether individual differences in self-reported emotional flooding were associated with observational behaviors and experienced and displayed anger during a 10-min problem solving discussion. A sample of 233 married or cohabiting couples, comprising 4 groups (distressed with intimate partner violence [IPV], distressed/nonIPV, satisfied/IPV, and satisfied/nonIPV) was recruited via random digit dialing. Consistent with predictions, both men's and women's flooding were positively associated with partners' negative affect variables, including partners' experienced and displayed anger, as well as positively associated with their own anger. A multinomial logistic regression revealed significant differences between flooding in prediction of couples' group status; specifically that higher levels of emotional flooding were reported by distressed and IPV couples compared with other types of couples. Finally, couples that included at least 1 member high on self-reported emotional flooding were less effective in solving problems during the conflict discussion. Implications and future directions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Jill Malik; Richard E. Heyman; Amy M. Smith Slep. Emotional flooding in response to negative affect in couple conflicts: Individual differences and correlates. Journal of Family Psychology 2020, 34, 145 -154.
AMA StyleJill Malik, Richard E. Heyman, Amy M. Smith Slep. Emotional flooding in response to negative affect in couple conflicts: Individual differences and correlates. Journal of Family Psychology. 2020; 34 (2):145-154.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJill Malik; Richard E. Heyman; Amy M. Smith Slep. 2020. "Emotional flooding in response to negative affect in couple conflicts: Individual differences and correlates." Journal of Family Psychology 34, no. 2: 145-154.
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases-11th Revision (ICD-11; proposed) now include criteria for clinically significant (a) intimate partner violence (IPV) and neglect and (b) child abuse and neglect. However, existing measures of IPV and child abuse do not allow for assessment of established criteria. The current study examines the convergent and response process validity of the Family Maltreatment (FM) measure of clinically significant physical and psychological IPV and child abuse. Participants (N = 126) completed the FM via computer and measures of IPV (Revised Conflict Tactics Scale; Straus, Hamby, Boney-McCoy, & Sugarman, 1996) and child abuse (Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale; Straus, Hamby, Finkelhor, Moore, & Runyan, 1998) via paper-and-pencil. Participants who endorsed acts of aggression on the FM completed an audio-recorded computerized interview recounting the 2 most severe incidents. Verbalized incidents (n = 138) were coded for clinically significant family maltreatment. Results largely supported the convergent validity of the FM. Agreement of acts endorsed on the FM with those endorsed on convergent measures was excellent for IPV and physical child abuse, yet poor for psychological child abuse. Further, in support of the response process validity of the FM, comparison with observer ratings of interviews indicated few "false positives" and no "false negatives" on the FM across the examined types of clinically significant IPV and child abuse. In summary, the FM is a promising measure for the assessment of clinically significant physical and psychological abuse as defined in the DSM-5 and ICD-11 (proposed). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Richard E. Heyman; Jeffery D. Snarr; Amy M. Smith Slep; Katherine J. W. Baucom; David J. Linkh. Self-reporting DSM–5/ICD-11 clinically significant intimate partner violence and child abuse: Convergent and response process validity. Journal of Family Psychology 2020, 34, 101 -111.
AMA StyleRichard E. Heyman, Jeffery D. Snarr, Amy M. Smith Slep, Katherine J. W. Baucom, David J. Linkh. Self-reporting DSM–5/ICD-11 clinically significant intimate partner violence and child abuse: Convergent and response process validity. Journal of Family Psychology. 2020; 34 (1):101-111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard E. Heyman; Jeffery D. Snarr; Amy M. Smith Slep; Katherine J. W. Baucom; David J. Linkh. 2020. "Self-reporting DSM–5/ICD-11 clinically significant intimate partner violence and child abuse: Convergent and response process validity." Journal of Family Psychology 34, no. 1: 101-111.
Differentiating suicide attempters from suicide ideators has been named a critical suicidology frontier (Klonsky & May, 2013). Per Bronfenbrenner's (1977, 1994) ecological systems theory, risk/protective factors from four ecological levels (individual, family, workplace, and community) were used to predict last year suicide attempt status among active duty service members expressing suicide ideation. Active duty U.S. Air Force members (N = 52,780, 79.3% male, 79.2% non-Hispanic White, M age = 31.8 years) anonymously completed an online community assessment administered biennially at 82 bases worldwide. Last year suicide ideation and attempts were concurrently measured, as were an array of co-occurring risk and protective factors. Among the 1,927 (approximately 4%) service members self-reporting suicidal ideation, 152 also reported a last year suicide attempt (7.9% of the ideators, 8.7% of men vs. 6.1% of women). However, in multivariate models, military member sex was not a significant moderator. In bivariate models, numerous individual, family/spouse/parent, and community factors were associated with suicide attempt status. In the final multivariate model for the whole sample, risk for a last year attempt was associated with years in the military, social support, and alcohol use problems, but not depression. Among active duty military in relationships, attempt status risk was associated with years in the military, social support, and intimate partner violence victimization. However, the effect sizes for these models were small. Beyond a focus on depression, addressing alcohol misuse, facilitating resilient and nonviolent couple/family relationships, and increasing social support may enhance suicide attempt prevention efforts among military members. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling; Jeffery D. Snarr; Amy M. Smith Slep; Richard E. Heyman. Risk for suicide attempts among United States Air Force active duty members with suicide ideation: An ecological perspective. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2019, 87, 1124 -1136.
AMA StyleJennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling, Jeffery D. Snarr, Amy M. Smith Slep, Richard E. Heyman. Risk for suicide attempts among United States Air Force active duty members with suicide ideation: An ecological perspective. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 2019; 87 (12):1124-1136.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling; Jeffery D. Snarr; Amy M. Smith Slep; Richard E. Heyman. 2019. "Risk for suicide attempts among United States Air Force active duty members with suicide ideation: An ecological perspective." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 87, no. 12: 1124-1136.
Participation rates in couple relationship education (CRE) programs for low-income couples are typically low. We examined predictors of session attendance and early dropout (i.e., dropout after 1 session) among a sample of low-income, unmarried parents of a newborn (N = 467 couples) enrolled in an evidence-based CRE program. Predictors included demographics and socioeconomic status, as well as baseline indicators of relationship commitment, family and individual functioning, infant health, preventive health care utilization, and CRE coach perceptions of participant engagement and alliance in the first session of the program. Couples attended an average of 4.4 (SD = 2.5) of the 7 sessions, with nearly a quarter of couples dropping out after the first session. Attendance at fewer sessions was predicted by younger age. Early dropout was predicted by lower ratings of females’ engagement and both partners’ therapeutic alliance and, unexpectedly, by commitment. We discuss considerations for engaging low-income couples in CRE.
Lisanne J. Bulling; Katherine J. W. Baucom; Richard E. Heyman; Amy M. Smith Slep; Danielle M. Mitnick; Michael F. Lorber. Predicting program retention in a flexibly-delivered relationship education program for low-income, unmarried parents. Journal of Family Social Work 2019, 23, 234 -256.
AMA StyleLisanne J. Bulling, Katherine J. W. Baucom, Richard E. Heyman, Amy M. Smith Slep, Danielle M. Mitnick, Michael F. Lorber. Predicting program retention in a flexibly-delivered relationship education program for low-income, unmarried parents. Journal of Family Social Work. 2019; 23 (3):234-256.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLisanne J. Bulling; Katherine J. W. Baucom; Richard E. Heyman; Amy M. Smith Slep; Danielle M. Mitnick; Michael F. Lorber. 2019. "Predicting program retention in a flexibly-delivered relationship education program for low-income, unmarried parents." Journal of Family Social Work 23, no. 3: 234-256.
Noxious family environments are associated with a wide range of adverse child outcomes. In order to prevent couple and parent–child relationship problems, a number of programs have been developed for couples with newborns. The current paper describes a program of research evaluating the American version of couple CARE for parents of newborns. This version of CCP was administered to low‐income, unmarried couples with a new baby in an uncontrolled demonstration project (Study 1), compared with a waitlist control condition in a randomized controlled trial (Study 2), and evaluated with low‐income parents recruited from urban hospitals in two major metropolitan areas of the United States (Study 3 and Study 4). Despite participant satisfaction with CCP, preventive effects of the program were limited and there was one potential iatrogenic effect. Results were likely impacted by major challenges with recruiting participants and maintaining their engagement in CCP for the duration of the program. We discuss methodological differences between this series of studies and previous trials of prevention programs and make recommendations for improving service delivery to at‐risk new parents. These results have implications for public policies that aim to benefit children and families.
Richard E. Heyman; Katherine J. W. Baucom; Amy M. Smith Slep; Danielle M. Mitnick; Michael F. Lorber. A Research Program Testing the Effectiveness of a Preventive Intervention for Couples with a Newborn. Family Process 2019, 58, 669 -684.
AMA StyleRichard E. Heyman, Katherine J. W. Baucom, Amy M. Smith Slep, Danielle M. Mitnick, Michael F. Lorber. A Research Program Testing the Effectiveness of a Preventive Intervention for Couples with a Newborn. Family Process. 2019; 58 (3):669-684.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard E. Heyman; Katherine J. W. Baucom; Amy M. Smith Slep; Danielle M. Mitnick; Michael F. Lorber. 2019. "A Research Program Testing the Effectiveness of a Preventive Intervention for Couples with a Newborn." Family Process 58, no. 3: 669-684.
Richard E. Heyman; Amy M. Smith Slep. Relational disorders and beyond. APA handbook of contemporary family psychology: Family therapy and training (Vol. 3). 2019, 19 -34.
AMA StyleRichard E. Heyman, Amy M. Smith Slep. Relational disorders and beyond. APA handbook of contemporary family psychology: Family therapy and training (Vol. 3).. 2019; ():19-34.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard E. Heyman; Amy M. Smith Slep. 2019. "Relational disorders and beyond." APA handbook of contemporary family psychology: Family therapy and training (Vol. 3). , no. : 19-34.
Effective, accessible prevention programs are needed for adults at heightened risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). This parallel group randomized controlled trial examines whether such couples receiving the American version of Couple CARE for Parents of Newborns (CCP; Halford et al. 2009) following the birth of a child, compared with controls, report fewer first occurrences of clinically significant IPV, less frequent physical and psychological IPV, and improved relationship functioning. Further, we test whether intervention effects are moderated by level of risk for IPV. Couples at elevated risk for IPV (N = 368) recruited from maternity units were randomized to CCP (n = 188) or a 24-month waitlist (n = 180) and completed measures of IPV and relationship functioning at baseline, post-program (when child was 8 months old), and two follow-ups (at 15 and 24 months). Intervention effects were tested using intent to treat (ITT) as well as complier average causal effect (CACE; Jo and Muthén 2001) structural equation models. CCP did not significantly prevent clinically significant IPV nor were there significant main effects of CCP on clinically significant IPV, frequency of IPV, or most relationship outcomes in the CACE or ITT analyses. Risk moderated the effect of CCP on male-to-female physical IPV at post-program, with couples with a planned pregnancy declining, but those with unplanned pregnancies increasing. This study adds to previous findings that prevention programs for at-risk couples are not often effective and may even be iatrogenic for some couples.
Richard E. Heyman; Amy M. Smith Slep; Michael F. Lorber; Danielle M. Mitnick; Shu Xu; Katherine J. W. Baucom; W. Kim Halford; Phyllis Holditch Niolon. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Impact of the Couple CARE for Parents of Newborns Program on the Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence and Relationship Problems. Prevention Science 2018, 20, 620 -631.
AMA StyleRichard E. Heyman, Amy M. Smith Slep, Michael F. Lorber, Danielle M. Mitnick, Shu Xu, Katherine J. W. Baucom, W. Kim Halford, Phyllis Holditch Niolon. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Impact of the Couple CARE for Parents of Newborns Program on the Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence and Relationship Problems. Prevention Science. 2018; 20 (5):620-631.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard E. Heyman; Amy M. Smith Slep; Michael F. Lorber; Danielle M. Mitnick; Shu Xu; Katherine J. W. Baucom; W. Kim Halford; Phyllis Holditch Niolon. 2018. "A Randomized, Controlled Trial of the Impact of the Couple CARE for Parents of Newborns Program on the Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence and Relationship Problems." Prevention Science 20, no. 5: 620-631.
Tamara Del Vecchio; Richard E. Heyman; Amy M. Smith Slep; Heather M. Foran; Alexander T. Vazsonyi; Daniel J. Flannery; Matt DeLisi. Child Abuse and Neglect. The Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior and Aggression 2018, 366 -381.
AMA StyleTamara Del Vecchio, Richard E. Heyman, Amy M. Smith Slep, Heather M. Foran, Alexander T. Vazsonyi, Daniel J. Flannery, Matt DeLisi. Child Abuse and Neglect. The Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior and Aggression. 2018; ():366-381.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTamara Del Vecchio; Richard E. Heyman; Amy M. Smith Slep; Heather M. Foran; Alexander T. Vazsonyi; Daniel J. Flannery; Matt DeLisi. 2018. "Child Abuse and Neglect." The Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior and Aggression , no. : 366-381.