Efficient DC-DC power conversion is essential for sustainable solar photovoltaic systems. Conventional converters often suffer from leakage currents, higher circuit complexity, and limited flexibility in interfacing with grid-connected inverters. This study introduced a novel hybrid DC-to-DC converter based on the C4S (coupled capacitor combined Cuk-SEPIC) converter, proposed precisely for sustainable solar photovoltaic systems. The designed converter offers a dual output in the form of a bipolar direct current (DC) bus, allowing flexible combination with grid-connected inverters that receive either unipolar or bipolar DC inputs. This setup not only enables effective transfer of power to the grid but also efficiently removes the leakage currents without the necessity of lossy DC-link capacitors from the load-side current loop. Moreover, the magnetic cores are integrated by employing the input and output coupled capacitors, which considerably minimize ripple current and ensure the capability of power extraction from the PV unit. A fuzzy logic controller is employed to dynamically adjust the converter’s action under varying load conditions and solar irradiance. The proposed topology minimizes driver circuits, reduces system complexity, eliminates leakage current without requiring lossy DC-link capacitors, and improves reliability. Simulation results demonstrate stable voltage regulation, reduced ripple, improved efficiency, and superior dynamic response compared to conventional control methods. The proposed converter demonstrates its potential as a high-performance, intelligent, and energy-efficient process innovation for modern sustainable solar energy systems.

Pulse width modulation (PWM) is essential for voltage source inverters (VSI) to generate high-quality voltage outputs. Conventional deterministic PWM generates predictable harmonics, causing clusters that increase acoustic noise. Random PWM (RPWM) disperses harmonic power over a wider frequency range, reducing noise and electromagnetic interference. Many RPWM techniques improve inverter quality, but only partially suppress dominant harmonics and lack effective harmonic spreading. Most studies focus on simulations with limited FPGA implementation or hardware validation. The use of digital tools like VHDL, ModelSim, and MATLAB co-simulation remains underutilized. This paper proposes two-triangle RPWM strategies to enhance harmonic dispersion and reduce total harmonic distortion (THD). Co-simulation results are shown for both SPWM and RPWM, along with comparisons of fundamental voltages, THD, and HSF across different modulation indexes. Additionally, synthesis data for the Xilinx XC3S500E FPGA processor is supplied. The last section offers a comparative analysis and experimental validation of SPWM and RPWM. These techniques enable enhanced inverter performance, lower acoustic noise, and process innovations in power electronic systems.