Hydrogen is an efficient, clean, and economical energy source, owing to its huge energy density. Electrochemical water splitting is a potential candidate for inexpensive and eco‐friendly hydrogen production. Recently, the development of 2D transition metal chalcogenides (TMDs) nanomaterials with a variety of physicochemical properties has shown their potential as eminent non‐noble metal‐based nanoscale electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution. Nanostructuring such materials induces deep modification of their functionalities, compared to their bulk counterparts. High density of different types of exposed active sites is formed, and the small diffusion paths, which enhances the electron transfer in the 2D structures, can successfully aid the charge collection process in the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions. In this review, the key parameters to improve the catalyst performance of 2D TMDs in electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) processes are discussed in detail and the most recent developments in the field are summarized, focusing on the improvement of the electrocatalytic activity of 2D TMDs. This review delivers deep insight for the clear understanding of the potential of 2D TMDs nanoscale materials as electrocatalysts for HER, suggesting the development of new type of catalyst with efficient activity in HER as well as other renewable energy fields.