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Municipal waste treatment plants are an important element of the urban area infrastructure, but also, they are a potential source of odour nuisance. Odour impact from municipal waste processing plants raises social concerns regarding the well-being of employees operating the plants and residents of nearby areas. Chemical methods involve the determination of the quantitative composition of compounds comprising odour. These methods are less costly than olfactometry, and their efficiency is not dependent on human response. The relationship between the concentration of a single odorant and its odour threshold (OT) is determined by the odour activity value (OAV) parameter. The research involved the application of a multi-gas detector, MultiRae Pro. Measurements by means of the device were conducted at three municipal waste biogas plants located in Poland. In this paper we describe the results obtained when using a detector during the technological processes, the unitary procedures conducted at the plants, and the technological regime. The determination of these relationships could be useful in the development of odour nuisance minimization procedures at treatment plants and the adjustment to them. This is of paramount importance from the viewpoint of the safety and hygiene of the employees operating the installations and the comfort of residents in the areas surrounding biogas plants. Monitoring of expressed odorant emissions allows the course of technological processes and conducted unit operations to be controlled.
Marta Wiśniewska; Andrzej Kulig; Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. The Use of Chemical Sensors to Monitor Odour Emissions at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3916 .
AMA StyleMarta Wiśniewska, Andrzej Kulig, Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. The Use of Chemical Sensors to Monitor Odour Emissions at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (9):3916.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Wiśniewska; Andrzej Kulig; Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. 2021. "The Use of Chemical Sensors to Monitor Odour Emissions at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9: 3916.
Municipal waste biogas plants are an important element of waste treatment and energy policy. In this study, odorant concentrations and emissions were measured together with the air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) to confirm the hypothesis that the microclimatic conditions have an important impact on the level of odorant emission at municipal waste biogas plants. A simple correlation analysis was made to evaluate the strength and the direction of the relationship between the odorant concentration and emission and air temperature and relative humidity. The mean volatile organic compound (VOC) and NH3 concentrations vary depending on the stage of the technological line of the analysed municipal waste biogas plants and are in the following ranges, respectively: 0–38.64 ppm and 0–100 ppm. The odorant concentrations and emissions correlated statistically significantly with T primarily influences VOC concentrations and emissions while RH mainly affects NH3 concentrations and emissions. The strongest correlations were noted for the fermentation preparation section and for emissions from roof ventilators depending on the analysed plant. The smallest influence of microclimatic factors was observed at the beginning of the technological line—in the waste storage section and mechanical treatment hall. This is due to the greater impact of the type and quality of waste delivered the plants. The analysis of correlation between individual odorants showed significant relationships between VOCs and NH3 for most stages of the technological line of both biogas plants. In the case of technological sewage pumping stations, a significant relationship was also observed between VOCs and H2S. The obtained results may be helpful in preparing strategies to reduce the odours from waste treatment plants.
Marta Wiśniewska; Andrzej Kulig; Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. The Importance of the Microclimatic Conditions Inside and Outside of Plant Buildings in Odorants Emission at Municipal Waste Biogas Installations. Energies 2020, 13, 6463 .
AMA StyleMarta Wiśniewska, Andrzej Kulig, Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. The Importance of the Microclimatic Conditions Inside and Outside of Plant Buildings in Odorants Emission at Municipal Waste Biogas Installations. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6463.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Wiśniewska; Andrzej Kulig; Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. 2020. "The Importance of the Microclimatic Conditions Inside and Outside of Plant Buildings in Odorants Emission at Municipal Waste Biogas Installations." Energies 13, no. 23: 6463.
Municipal waste treatment is inherently associated with odour emissions. The compounds characteristic of the processes used for this purpose, and at the same time causing a negative olfactory sensation, are organic and inorganic sulphur and nitrogen compounds. The tests were carried out at the waste management plant, which in the biological part, uses the methane fermentation process and is also equipped with an installation for the collection, treatment, and energetic use of biogas. The tests include measurements of the four odorant concentrations and emissions, i.e., volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and methanethiol (CH3SH). Measurements were made using a MultiRae Pro portable gas detector sensor. The tests were carried out in ten series for twenty measurement points in each series. The results show a significant impact of technological processes on odorant emissions. The types of waste going to the plant are also important in shaping this emission. On the one hand, it relates to the waste collection system and, on the other hand, the season of year. In addition, it has been proved that the detector used during the research is a valuable tool enabling the control of technological processes in municipal waste processing plants.
Marta Wiśniewska; Andrzej Kulig; Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. The Impact of Technological Processes on Odorant Emissions at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5457 .
AMA StyleMarta Wiśniewska, Andrzej Kulig, Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. The Impact of Technological Processes on Odorant Emissions at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5457.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Wiśniewska; Andrzej Kulig; Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. 2020. "The Impact of Technological Processes on Odorant Emissions at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5457.
Methodological aspects of odor studies in ex-post analyses for Polish wastewater management facilities were analyzed based on the example of a modernized and enlarged wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Mazovia, in the vicinity of the Warsaw agglomeration. It is a mechanical–biological treatment plant with increased efficiency of biogen removal, using activated sludge in the treatment process, with a maximum hydraulic capacity of 60,000 m3/day. Olfactometric research was carried out by means of a method based on identification and characterization of the odor plume emitted from the examined source. This paper presents the results of odor intensity assessment (in sensory examinations according to a 6-stage scale) and odor concentration measurement (using portable field olfactometers) after the completion of the project, and compares them with similar studies conducted before the commencement of the investment. A total of 10 measurement series were carried out before modernization, and 12 after modernization of the WWTP. Odor concentration and intensity were determined, and the current meteorological situation was assessed at the measurement and observation points (receptors) located within the premises (in total 462 points) and around the WWTP (342 points). In each series of measurements on the windward side of the treatment plant, the background of air pollution with odorous substances was marked. The research showed that air flowing into the area of the sewage treatment plant is clean in terms of odor. During the research, basic sources of odor nuisance were identified, and their impact before and after modernization was characterized. The results presented in radar diagrams show changes in the percentage distribution of frequency of occurrence of individual intensity values at receptor points within and outside the area of the treatment plant. After modernization, a significant decrease in the concentration of odor emitted from the sludge dewatering building and sludge containers was determined. The air-tightness of the sewage channel (covered with concrete slabs and sealed) resulted in a significant decrease in the concentration of odor emitted from this source. Waste (in particular, sewage sludge) collected in the emergency waste storage yard was identified as the main source of odor nuisance. The waste, even after modernization, was an emitter of odorous compounds spreading outside the area of the WWTP. Nevertheless, as a result of the investment, the desired effect of reduction of the degree of odor nuisance was achieved.
Andrzej Kulig; Mirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski. Assessment of the Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Modernization by Means of the Field Olfactometry Method. Water 2019, 11, 2367 .
AMA StyleAndrzej Kulig, Mirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski. Assessment of the Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Modernization by Means of the Field Olfactometry Method. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2367.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrzej Kulig; Mirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski. 2019. "Assessment of the Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Modernization by Means of the Field Olfactometry Method." Water 11, no. 11: 2367.
The paper presents results of local visions at six biogas plants processing municipal waste in Poland. The study objective was the investigation of waste processing technology, as well as the initial identification and characteristics of odour sources. The literature provides scarce information on research on the occurrence of odours in this type of objects. The main components of process gases from biogas plants include ammonia, hydrogen sulphide, and volatile organic compounds. They are not only unpleasant, but also can be harmful to both the environment and people. The main unit operations and processes that make up the technological sequence of biogas plants for municipal waste are: supply and storage of raw waste, preparation of the substrate for fermentation (pre-treatment), main processing (methane fermentation), and stabilisation and storage of the fermented residue. Any irregularities related to running individual processes may contribute to the intensified odour impact of a biogas plant. Local visions permitted the analysis of the technological processes carried out in the plants, as well as the location of odour sources important for further research.
Marta Wiśniewska; Andrzej Kulig; Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. Identification and preliminary characteristics of odour sources in biogas plants processing municipal waste. SHS Web of Conferences 2018, 57, 02016 .
AMA StyleMarta Wiśniewska, Andrzej Kulig, Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. Identification and preliminary characteristics of odour sources in biogas plants processing municipal waste. SHS Web of Conferences. 2018; 57 ():02016.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Wiśniewska; Andrzej Kulig; Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin. 2018. "Identification and preliminary characteristics of odour sources in biogas plants processing municipal waste." SHS Web of Conferences 57, no. : 02016.
The aim of this study was to compare sensory and analytical methods used to measure odour and odorants concentrations for odour impact assessment on municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). A range of sources and odour or odorants concentrations were used to compare the methods. Four different odours and odorants measurement methods were compared: field olfactometry using Nasal Ranger® field olfactometer, dynamic olfactometry according to PN-EN 13725:2007 standard, colorimetric assays (hydrogen sulphide, ammonia) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods (methanethiol, ethanethiol, dimethyl sulphide). Mechanical-biological and mechanical-biological-chemical WWTPs were chosen. Receptor points were selected inside of ‘closed’ facilities of the technological line (screening rooms, mechanical thickening and dewatering building) and downwind at ‘open’ facilities (collection chambers, sand trap, mechanical thickeners) which were the most significant regarding the potential for odour nuisance. By the research, it is not possible to specify explicit dependencies between results obtained from different research methods used in the odour impact assessment of WWTPs. A strong correlation (Pearson's correlation coefficient was equal R = 0.79) was determined only once between odour concentrations measured by dynamic olfactometry and methanethiol concentrations in the screen room at the WWTP No. 3.
Radosław J. Barczak; Andrzej Kulig. Comparison of different measurement methods of odour and odorants used in the odour impact assessment of wastewater treatment plants in Poland. Water Science and Technology 2016, 75, 944 -951.
AMA StyleRadosław J. Barczak, Andrzej Kulig. Comparison of different measurement methods of odour and odorants used in the odour impact assessment of wastewater treatment plants in Poland. Water Science and Technology. 2016; 75 (4):944-951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRadosław J. Barczak; Andrzej Kulig. 2016. "Comparison of different measurement methods of odour and odorants used in the odour impact assessment of wastewater treatment plants in Poland." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 4: 944-951.
Mirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski; Andrzej Kulig; Ewa Miaśkiewicz-Pęska. Seasonal changes in the concentrations of airborne bacteria emitted from a large wastewater treatment plant. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 2016, 115, 11 -16.
AMA StyleMirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski, Andrzej Kulig, Ewa Miaśkiewicz-Pęska. Seasonal changes in the concentrations of airborne bacteria emitted from a large wastewater treatment plant. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 2016; 115 ():11-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski; Andrzej Kulig; Ewa Miaśkiewicz-Pęska. 2016. "Seasonal changes in the concentrations of airborne bacteria emitted from a large wastewater treatment plant." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 115, no. : 11-16.
Trichloroethene (TCE) and tetrachloroethene (PCE) are chemical compounds which pose a serious threat for human health. Their specific properties make it possible that these substances may linger in soil and water for many years. These are the reasons why wells with water designed for drinking purposes have been subject of monitoring since 2006. This paper presents the results of monitoring research conducted in the soil-water environment within the framework in third phase of an ecological audit of land. The ecological audit of land made it possible to identify the cause and degree of the degradation, and helped formulate rationale for remedy decisions pertaining to the land (remediation/reclamation). The objective of the paper was to determine the pollution status of the soil-water environment and, subsequently, monitor (in years 2008-2010) the contents of the hazardous substances, namely trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene, within the area of the potential impact of metallurgical plant located in borders of the Main Underground Water Reservoir Wierzbica-Ostrowiec (GZWP 420) in in voivodeship Świętokrzyskie.
Agnieszka Pusz; Andrzej Kulig. Monitoring of Trichloroethene and Tetrachloroethene Content in Soil-Water Environment in Third Phase of Ecological Audit of Land. Archives of Environmental Protection 2014, 40, 65 -80.
AMA StyleAgnieszka Pusz, Andrzej Kulig. Monitoring of Trichloroethene and Tetrachloroethene Content in Soil-Water Environment in Third Phase of Ecological Audit of Land. Archives of Environmental Protection. 2014; 40 (2):65-80.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAgnieszka Pusz; Andrzej Kulig. 2014. "Monitoring of Trichloroethene and Tetrachloroethene Content in Soil-Water Environment in Third Phase of Ecological Audit of Land." Archives of Environmental Protection 40, no. 2: 65-80.