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The purpose of this study is to determine a valid strategy for implementing payment for the local forest ecosystem services (local forest PES) by considering citizens’ willingness to pay (WTP) and the resource types utilized (taxes and donations). A total of 1000 citizens responded to an online survey, which consisted of questions related to respondents’ socio-demographics, predicting factors (i.e., political orientation, personal tie to the region) of their willingness to pay (WTP), and their willingness to pay for a bundle of 10 different forest ecosystem services (ESs) in the region of the Yeoninsan provincial park in Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The estimation of the respondents’ WTP for the promotion of the forest management activities, which enhances the ES bundle of the local forest, was 14,315–20,216 KRW (12.75–18.00 USD) per year in taxes and 12,258–26,518 KRW (10.92–23.61 USD) per year in donations. This study also revealed that the predicting factors influencing the respondents’ WTP for the promotion of the local forest ESs differed according to the financial resource type (taxes and donations). The results of this study are meaningful in that they can be used as empirical basic data in estimating payments and preparing measures to secure financial resources when designing payments for the ecosystem services for the local forest.
Jang-Hwan Jo; Chang-Bae Lee; Hye-Jung Cho; Jukwan Lee. Estimation of Citizens’ Willingness to Pay for the Implementation of Payment for Local Forest Ecosystem Services: The Case of Taxes and Donations. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6186 .
AMA StyleJang-Hwan Jo, Chang-Bae Lee, Hye-Jung Cho, Jukwan Lee. Estimation of Citizens’ Willingness to Pay for the Implementation of Payment for Local Forest Ecosystem Services: The Case of Taxes and Donations. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):6186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang-Hwan Jo; Chang-Bae Lee; Hye-Jung Cho; Jukwan Lee. 2021. "Estimation of Citizens’ Willingness to Pay for the Implementation of Payment for Local Forest Ecosystem Services: The Case of Taxes and Donations." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 6186.
This study is aimed to compare the strengths and weaknesses of three approaches—analytic hierarchy process analysis, sentiment analysis, and floating population analysis—in estimating the social demands for local forest ecosystem services (ES) in South Korea: Gariwangsan and Yeoninsan. The results were as follows: First, the survey respondents of Gariwangsan and Yeoninsan believed that the cultural ES category was the most fundamental one that should be maintained, whereas they thought the supporting ES category needed the least maintenance. Second, both forests had a high frequency of sentiment words related to the cultural ES category, followed by the regulating ES category, such as air and water quality improvement. Third, the spatiotemporal distribution of the floating populations in both forests was concentrated in their valleys and mountainous areas, indicating the finer-scale demands for the cultural and regulating ES category. Fourth, the research shows the areas that are high in demand and those that are not; this result helps forest management. In conclusion, none of the three methodologies was superior to the other two, as they each captured distinct ES demands. To investigate ES demands in a multifaceted way, we suggest applying the three approaches in tandem.
Jang-Hwan Jo; Moongi Choi; Chang-Bae Lee; Kyeong-Hak Lee; Oh Kim. Comparing Strengths and Weaknesses of Three Approaches in Estimating Social Demands for Local Forest Ecosystem Services in South Korea. Forests 2021, 12, 497 .
AMA StyleJang-Hwan Jo, Moongi Choi, Chang-Bae Lee, Kyeong-Hak Lee, Oh Kim. Comparing Strengths and Weaknesses of Three Approaches in Estimating Social Demands for Local Forest Ecosystem Services in South Korea. Forests. 2021; 12 (4):497.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang-Hwan Jo; Moongi Choi; Chang-Bae Lee; Kyeong-Hak Lee; Oh Kim. 2021. "Comparing Strengths and Weaknesses of Three Approaches in Estimating Social Demands for Local Forest Ecosystem Services in South Korea." Forests 12, no. 4: 497.
Diversity-biomass studies across (sub-)tropical forest strata have been explored, but our understanding on how multiple facets of forest diversity and abiotic factors regulate aboveground biomass across forest strata in temperate forests remains somehow unclear. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the effects and relative importance of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity, community-weighted mean of trait values, coefficient of variation in individual tree diameter at breast height (CV DBH), and soil and topographic factors on aboveground biomass to select the diversity facets that could have the strongest response to abiotic factors across over- and understory and whole community in a temperate forest of South Korea. We used forest inventory, functional traits and environmental factors data from 259 plots to select the most important diversity facets with abiotic factors through multi-model inference tests, and we then used structural equation models. In the overstory, the most important regulators of aboveground biomass were topographic factor, species evenness, functional richness, and CV DBH. In the understory, the significant drivers of aboveground biomass were topographic factor, species evenness, phylogenetic species richness and CWM of height. In addition, diversity facets of overstory such as functional richness and CV DBH also had significant direct and/or indirect effects on understory aboveground biomass. Moreover, the diversity facets influencing aboveground biomass at the whole community were the combination of the multiple facets of forest diversity influencing aboveground biomass at each forest stratum. The role of functional dominance (CWM of height) seems to be negligible in the overstory but significant in the understory, indicating different diversity drivers as shown previously for a subtropical forest. Hence, our study suggests the urgent need of exploring diversity-biomass studies across forest strata in different forest ecosystems and types in order to provide more specific guidelines for the management of a specific natural forest.
Jung-Hwa Chun; Arshad Ali; Chang-Bae Lee. Topography and forest diversity facets regulate overstory and understory aboveground biomass in a temperate forest of South Korea. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleJung-Hwa Chun, Arshad Ali, Chang-Bae Lee. Topography and forest diversity facets regulate overstory and understory aboveground biomass in a temperate forest of South Korea. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung-Hwa Chun; Arshad Ali; Chang-Bae Lee. 2020. "Topography and forest diversity facets regulate overstory and understory aboveground biomass in a temperate forest of South Korea." Science of The Total Environment , no. : 1.
Although there have been methodological advances in the analysis of biodiversity and landscape properties, most studies in landscape ecology primarily explore whether certain landscape properties, such as island area and isolation, have universal effects on species-centric measures. We assessed how landscape variables drive species richness, phylogenetic diversity (PD), and phylogenetic community structure. Moreover, we explored the dominant processes structuring plant community assembly, including phylogenetic community structure. We used plant data from 235 uninhabited islands in the western and southern seas, South Korea. Species richness, Faith’s PD, and standardized effect size of mean pairwise phylogenetic distance (SES.MPD) were quantified for three plant groups, all, woody, and herbaceous plants for each island. Island area, distance from mainland, habitat heterogeneity, and structural connectivity were also calculated to examine the relationships between indices of plant diversity and community structure. The relative importance of landscape variables differed among indices of diversity and community structure as well as among plant groups. Island area and distance from mainland were the main drivers of species richness and PD across plant groups, whereas distance from mainland significantly affected community structure measured by SES.MPD. We found that the community structure in islands farther from mainland showed phylogenetic clustering patterns driven by niche-based deterministic processes across the three plant groups. We found that community structure analysis provides more information related to ecological processes and assembly mechanisms than diversity indices alone. Therefore, we recommend that community structure analysis with plant diversity should be implemented as an additional measure of biodiversity for landscape ecology and for conservation planning in island ecosystems.
HyungHo Kim; Chang-Bae Lee. On the relative importance of landscape variables to plant diversity and phylogenetic community structure on uninhabited islands, South Korea. Landscape Ecology 2020, 36, 209 -221.
AMA StyleHyungHo Kim, Chang-Bae Lee. On the relative importance of landscape variables to plant diversity and phylogenetic community structure on uninhabited islands, South Korea. Landscape Ecology. 2020; 36 (1):209-221.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyungHo Kim; Chang-Bae Lee. 2020. "On the relative importance of landscape variables to plant diversity and phylogenetic community structure on uninhabited islands, South Korea." Landscape Ecology 36, no. 1: 209-221.
This study aims to identify factors and paths affecting payment for forest ecosystem service based on evidence from the voluntary forest carbon market in South Korea. The study was built based on the theory of planned behavior and institutional theory. The survey was conducted to 24 private forest owners, 21 workers of local governments, 9 of public institutes, and 6 of private companies. Partial least squares structural equation model was applied to verify the hypothetical structural model displaying the effects among the constructs of subjects’ recognition, intention, and behavior in participating in the forest carbon offset project. Results showed that raising awareness of forest carbon offset (FCO) is essential for revitalizing the forest carbon market. In addition, it was found that forest managers’ expectations for FCO were practical operations. Moreover, with the presence of intent to participate in the FCO, the FCO market could be revitalized only by increasing the intention of use in the management aspect and by increasing the commitment of the owner and CEO to this project. The detailed theoretical and managerial implications based on the findings are discussed in the paper.
Jang-Hwan Jo; Taewoo Roh; Jongmin Hwang; Kyeong-Hak Lee; Changbae Lee. Factors and Paths Affecting Payment for Forest Ecosystem Service: Evidence from Voluntary Forest Carbon Market in South Korea. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7009 .
AMA StyleJang-Hwan Jo, Taewoo Roh, Jongmin Hwang, Kyeong-Hak Lee, Changbae Lee. Factors and Paths Affecting Payment for Forest Ecosystem Service: Evidence from Voluntary Forest Carbon Market in South Korea. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):7009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang-Hwan Jo; Taewoo Roh; Jongmin Hwang; Kyeong-Hak Lee; Changbae Lee. 2020. "Factors and Paths Affecting Payment for Forest Ecosystem Service: Evidence from Voluntary Forest Carbon Market in South Korea." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 7009.
Recently, a phylogenetic diversity and community structure analysis as complementary to species-centric approaches in biodiversity studies provides new insights into the processes of community assembly. In this study, we analyzed species and phylogenetic diversity and community structures for woody and herbaceous plants along two elevational transects on Mt. Baekhwa, South Korea. The species richness and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants showed monotonic declining patterns with increasing elevation along all transects, whereas herbaceous plants showed different patterns, such as no relationship and a reversed unimodal pattern, between the study transects. The main drivers of these patterns were climate and habitat variables for woody and herbaceous plants, respectively. In addition, the phylogenetic community structure primarily showed phylogenetic clustering regulated by deterministic processes, especially environmental filtering, such as climate or habitat factors, along the two transects, although herbaceous plants along a transect depicted phylogenetic randomness as a result of a neutral process. Our findings suggest that deterministic and neutral processes may simultaneously control the community structures along small-scale elevational gradients such as local transects, although the deterministic process may be the predominant type.
Jung-Hwa Chun; Chang-Bae Lee. Diversity patterns and phylogenetic structure of vascular plants along elevational gradients in a mountain ecosystem, South Korea. Journal of Mountain Science 2018, 15, 280 -295.
AMA StyleJung-Hwa Chun, Chang-Bae Lee. Diversity patterns and phylogenetic structure of vascular plants along elevational gradients in a mountain ecosystem, South Korea. Journal of Mountain Science. 2018; 15 (2):280-295.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung-Hwa Chun; Chang-Bae Lee. 2018. "Diversity patterns and phylogenetic structure of vascular plants along elevational gradients in a mountain ecosystem, South Korea." Journal of Mountain Science 15, no. 2: 280-295.
Species-centric approaches to biodiversity in ecological research are limited in their ability to reflect the evolutionary history and functional diversity of community assembly. Recently, the introduction of alternative facets of biodiversity, such as phylogenetic and functional diversity, has shed light on this problem and improved our understanding of the processes underlying biodiversity patterns. Here, we investigated the phylogenetic and functional diversity patterns of α, β and γ components in woody plant assemblages along regional and local elevational gradients in South Korea. Although the patterns of phylogenetic and functional diversity varied along regional and local elevational transects, the main drivers were partitioned into two categories: regional area or climate for phylogenetic diversity, depending on whether the transect was at a regional or local scale; and habitat heterogeneity for functional diversity, which was derived in elevational bands. Moreover, environmental distance was more important than was geographic distance for phylogenetic and functional β diversity between paired elevational bands. These results support the hypothesis that niche-based deterministic processes such as environmental filtering and competitive exclusion are fundamental in structuring woody plant assemblages along temperate elevational gradients regardless of scale (regional vs. local) in our study areas.
Jung-Hwa Chun; Chang-Bae Lee. Partitioning the regional and local drivers of phylogenetic and functional diversity along temperate elevational gradients on an East Asian peninsula. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 2853 .
AMA StyleJung-Hwa Chun, Chang-Bae Lee. Partitioning the regional and local drivers of phylogenetic and functional diversity along temperate elevational gradients on an East Asian peninsula. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):2853.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung-Hwa Chun; Chang-Bae Lee. 2018. "Partitioning the regional and local drivers of phylogenetic and functional diversity along temperate elevational gradients on an East Asian peninsula." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 2853.
Recently, new alternative matrices of biodiversity such as phylogenetic and functional diversity as a complement to species diversity have provided new insights into the mechanisms of community assembly. In this study, we analyzed the phylogenetic signals of five functional traits and the relative contribution of environmental variables and distance matrices to the alpha and beta components of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity in woody plant assemblages along four local elevational transects on two different mountains. We observed low but significant phylogenetic signals of functional traits, which suggest that phylogenetic dispersion can provide a rough approximation of functional dispersion but not perfect correlations between phylogenetic and functional diversity. Taxonomic alpha diversity showed a monotonic decline with elevation, and climatic variables were the main drivers of this pattern along all studied transects. Furthermore, although the phylogenetic and functional alpha dispersions showed different elevational patterns including increase, decrease and no relationship, the underlying processes driving the patterns of both types of alpha dispersion could be explained by the gradients of climatic and habitat variables as well as biotic interactions such as competition. These results suggest that both alpha dispersion patterns may be significantly controlled by niche-based deterministic processes such as biotic interactions and environmental filtering in our study areas. Moreover, the beta diversity with geographical distances showed distance-decay relationships for all transects. Although the relative importance of the environmental and geographical distances for beta diversity varied across the three facets of diversity and the transects, we generally found that environmental distances were more important for the beta components of the three facets of diversity. However, we cannot discriminate the effects of both distances on the three facets of diversity. Therefore, our study suggests that niche-based deterministic processes, potentially combined with neutral processes such as dispersal limitation and demographic stochasticity, may influence patterns of woody plant assemblage turnover in our study areas.
Jung-Hwa Chun; Chang-Bae Lee. Disentangling the local-scale drivers of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity in woody plant assemblages along elevational gradients in South Korea. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0185763 .
AMA StyleJung-Hwa Chun, Chang-Bae Lee. Disentangling the local-scale drivers of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity in woody plant assemblages along elevational gradients in South Korea. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (10):e0185763.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung-Hwa Chun; Chang-Bae Lee. 2017. "Disentangling the local-scale drivers of taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity in woody plant assemblages along elevational gradients in South Korea." PLOS ONE 12, no. 10: e0185763.
Chang-Bae Lee; Jung-Hwa Chun. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Habitat heterogeneity and climate explain plant diversity patterns along an extensive environmental gradient in the temperate forests of South Korea. Folia Geobotanica 2016, 1 -1.
AMA StyleChang-Bae Lee, Jung-Hwa Chun. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Habitat heterogeneity and climate explain plant diversity patterns along an extensive environmental gradient in the temperate forests of South Korea. Folia Geobotanica. 2016; ():1-1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang-Bae Lee; Jung-Hwa Chun. 2016. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Habitat heterogeneity and climate explain plant diversity patterns along an extensive environmental gradient in the temperate forests of South Korea." Folia Geobotanica , no. : 1-1.
Understanding patterns of biodiversity and their drivers along environmental gradients is one of the central topics in ecology. However, whether diversity patterns along environmental gradients differ among diversity components as well as life forms and what kind of variables control or interact to shape the diversity patterns are poorly known. This study scrutinized the distribution patterns of three plant groups with four diversity indices and evaluated the effects of regional area, topography, topographic heterogeneity, climate, primary productivity, vegetation structure diversity and vegetation type diversity along an extensive elevational gradient on the Baekdudaegan Mountains in South Korea. Different elevational patterns, including hump-shaped, reversed hump-shaped, increasing, multimodal and no relationship, were observed among both the diversity indices and the plant groups. Regional area, habitat heterogeneity and climate were included to explain most of the elevational diversity patterns. In particular, habitat heterogeneity was the most important variable for explaining the patterns of diversity. The results suggest that patterns of elevational diversity may differ not only among plant groups but also among diversity indices and that such patterns are primarily caused by habitat heterogeneity in the Baekdudaegan Mountains because more heterogeneous and diverse habitats can support more coexisting species.
Chang-Bae Lee; Jung-Hwa Chun. Environmental Drivers of Patterns of Plant Diversity Along a Wide Environmental Gradient in Korean Temperate Forests. Forests 2016, 7, 19 .
AMA StyleChang-Bae Lee, Jung-Hwa Chun. Environmental Drivers of Patterns of Plant Diversity Along a Wide Environmental Gradient in Korean Temperate Forests. Forests. 2016; 7 (12):19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang-Bae Lee; Jung-Hwa Chun. 2016. "Environmental Drivers of Patterns of Plant Diversity Along a Wide Environmental Gradient in Korean Temperate Forests." Forests 7, no. 12: 19.
Jung Hwa Chun; Chang Bae Lee; Soon Jin Yun. Effects of climate change on the geographic distribution of Quercus acuta Thunb. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 2015, 49, 47 -57.
AMA StyleJung Hwa Chun, Chang Bae Lee, Soon Jin Yun. Effects of climate change on the geographic distribution of Quercus acuta Thunb. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science. 2015; 49 (6):47-57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung Hwa Chun; Chang Bae Lee; Soon Jin Yun. 2015. "Effects of climate change on the geographic distribution of Quercus acuta Thunb." Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49, no. 6: 47-57.
Jung Hwa Chun; Chang Bae Lee; So Min Yoo. Shifts of Geographic Distribution of Pinus koraiensis Based on Climate Change Scenarios and GARP Model. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2015, 17, 348 -357.
AMA StyleJung Hwa Chun, Chang Bae Lee, So Min Yoo. Shifts of Geographic Distribution of Pinus koraiensis Based on Climate Change Scenarios and GARP Model. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2015; 17 (4):348-357.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung Hwa Chun; Chang Bae Lee; So Min Yoo. 2015. "Shifts of Geographic Distribution of Pinus koraiensis Based on Climate Change Scenarios and GARP Model." Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 17, no. 4: 348-357.
Jin-Won Seo; HyungHo Kim; Jung-Hwa Chun; Irdika Mansur; Chang-Bae Lee. Silvicultural practice and growth of the jabon tree(Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) in community forests of West Java, Indonesia. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 2015, 49, 81 -93.
AMA StyleJin-Won Seo, HyungHo Kim, Jung-Hwa Chun, Irdika Mansur, Chang-Bae Lee. Silvicultural practice and growth of the jabon tree(Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) in community forests of West Java, Indonesia. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science. 2015; 49 (4):81-93.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin-Won Seo; HyungHo Kim; Jung-Hwa Chun; Irdika Mansur; Chang-Bae Lee. 2015. "Silvicultural practice and growth of the jabon tree(Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.) in community forests of West Java, Indonesia." Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 49, no. 4: 81-93.
We examined patterns of plant species richness on an elevation gradient and evaluated the effects of climatic variables including mean annual temperature and precipitation, area, the mid-domain effect and productivity on species richness along two transects on Mt. Seorak, South Korea. A total of 235 plant species of 72 families and 161 genera were recorded from 130 plots along the two transects. Two different patterns, monotonic decline and a unimodal shape, were observed for woody plants with the change in elevation along the two transects, whereas multimodal patterns were observed for all plant species considered together and for herbaceous plants. Area and productivity showed significant relationships with total plant richness. Climatic variables were better predictors than other variables for variation by elevation in woody plant richness, whereas productivity was a more important variable for herbaceous plant richness. Although area was an important variable for predicting species richness patterns, the effects differed by transect and plant group. No empirical evidence was linked to the mid-domain effect. Different elevational patterns may characterize different groups in the same taxon and there might be fundamental differences in the mechanisms underlying these richness patterns.
Chang-Bae Lee; Jung-Hwa Chun. Patterns and determinants of plant richness by elevation in a mountain ecosystem in South Korea: area, mid-domain effect, climate and productivity. Journal of Forestry Research 2015, 26, 905 -917.
AMA StyleChang-Bae Lee, Jung-Hwa Chun. Patterns and determinants of plant richness by elevation in a mountain ecosystem in South Korea: area, mid-domain effect, climate and productivity. Journal of Forestry Research. 2015; 26 (4):905-917.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang-Bae Lee; Jung-Hwa Chun. 2015. "Patterns and determinants of plant richness by elevation in a mountain ecosystem in South Korea: area, mid-domain effect, climate and productivity." Journal of Forestry Research 26, no. 4: 905-917.
Chang Bae Lee; Jung Hwa Chun; HyungHo Kim. Elevational Patterns and Determinants of α and β Plant Diversity on the Ridge of the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 2014, 48, 93 -104.
AMA StyleChang Bae Lee, Jung Hwa Chun, HyungHo Kim. Elevational Patterns and Determinants of α and β Plant Diversity on the Ridge of the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea. Journal of Agriculture & Life Science. 2014; 48 (3):93-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang Bae Lee; Jung Hwa Chun; HyungHo Kim. 2014. "Elevational Patterns and Determinants of α and β Plant Diversity on the Ridge of the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea." Journal of Agriculture & Life Science 48, no. 3: 93-104.
Jung Hwa Chun; Chang-Bae Lee. Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on the Geographic Distribution of Pinus densiflora in Korea using Ecological Niche Model. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2013, 15, 219 -233.
AMA StyleJung Hwa Chun, Chang-Bae Lee. Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on the Geographic Distribution of Pinus densiflora in Korea using Ecological Niche Model. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2013; 15 (4):219-233.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung Hwa Chun; Chang-Bae Lee. 2013. "Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on the Geographic Distribution of Pinus densiflora in Korea using Ecological Niche Model." Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 15, no. 4: 219-233.
Chang-Bae Lee; Jung-Hwa Chun; Hyo-Hyeon Ahn. Elevational patterns of plant richness and their drivers on an Asian mountain. Nordic Journal of Botany 2013, 32, 347 -357.
AMA StyleChang-Bae Lee, Jung-Hwa Chun, Hyo-Hyeon Ahn. Elevational patterns of plant richness and their drivers on an Asian mountain. Nordic Journal of Botany. 2013; 32 (3):347-357.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang-Bae Lee; Jung-Hwa Chun; Hyo-Hyeon Ahn. 2013. "Elevational patterns of plant richness and their drivers on an Asian mountain." Nordic Journal of Botany 32, no. 3: 347-357.
Chang-Bae Lee; Jung-Hwa Chun; Tae-Won Um; Hyun-Je Cho. Altitudinal patterns and determinants of plant species richness on the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea: common versus rare species. Journal of Ecology and Environment 2013, 36, 193 -204.
AMA StyleChang-Bae Lee, Jung-Hwa Chun, Tae-Won Um, Hyun-Je Cho. Altitudinal patterns and determinants of plant species richness on the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea: common versus rare species. Journal of Ecology and Environment. 2013; 36 (3):193-204.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang-Bae Lee; Jung-Hwa Chun; Tae-Won Um; Hyun-Je Cho. 2013. "Altitudinal patterns and determinants of plant species richness on the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea: common versus rare species." Journal of Ecology and Environment 36, no. 3: 193-204.
Changbae Lee; Junghwa Chun; Hyunje Cho. Elevational patterns and determinants of plant diversity in the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea: Species vs. functional diversity. Chinese Science Bulletin 2013, 58, 3747 -3759.
AMA StyleChangbae Lee, Junghwa Chun, Hyunje Cho. Elevational patterns and determinants of plant diversity in the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea: Species vs. functional diversity. Chinese Science Bulletin. 2013; 58 (31):3747-3759.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChangbae Lee; Junghwa Chun; Hyunje Cho. 2013. "Elevational patterns and determinants of plant diversity in the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea: Species vs. functional diversity." Chinese Science Bulletin 58, no. 31: 3747-3759.
We studied the altitudinal patterns of plant species richness and examined the effects of geometric constraints, area, and climatic factors on the observed richness patterns along the ridge of the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea. Rapoport’s altitudinal rule was evaluated by examining the relationship between altitudinal range size and midpoint. We also examined the latitudinal effect on species richness. Plant data were collected from 1,100 plots along a 200–1,900 m altitudinal gradient along the ridge of the Baekdudaegan. A total of 802 plant species from 97 families and 342 genera were found. The altitudinal patterns of plant species richness along the ridge of the Baekdudaegan depicted distinctly hump-shaped patterns, although the absolute altitudes of the richness peaks vary somewhat among plant groups. While the mid-domain effect (MDE) was the most powerful explanatory variable in simple regression models, species richness was also associated with climatic factors, especially mean annual precipitation (MAP) and temperature (MAT) in multiple regression models. The relative importance of the MDE and climatic factors were different among plant groups. The MDE was more important for woody plants and for large-ranged species, whereas climatic factors were better predictors for total and herbaceous plants and for small-ranged species. Rapoport’s altitudinal rule and a latitudinal effect on species richness were not supported. Our study suggests that a combined interaction of the MDE and climatic factors influences species richness patterns along the altitudinal gradient of the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea.
Chang-Bae Lee; Jung-Hwa Chun; Ho-Kyung Song; Hyun-Je Cho. Altitudinal patterns of plant species richness on the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea: mid-domain effect, area, climate, and Rapoport’s rule. Ecological Research 2012, 28, 67 -79.
AMA StyleChang-Bae Lee, Jung-Hwa Chun, Ho-Kyung Song, Hyun-Je Cho. Altitudinal patterns of plant species richness on the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea: mid-domain effect, area, climate, and Rapoport’s rule. Ecological Research. 2012; 28 (1):67-79.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang-Bae Lee; Jung-Hwa Chun; Ho-Kyung Song; Hyun-Je Cho. 2012. "Altitudinal patterns of plant species richness on the Baekdudaegan Mountains, South Korea: mid-domain effect, area, climate, and Rapoport’s rule." Ecological Research 28, no. 1: 67-79.