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This paper proposes a modular battery management system for an electric motorcycle. The system not only can accurately measure battery voltage, charging current, discharging current, and temperature but also can transmit the data to the mixed-signal processor for battery module monitoring. Moreover, the system can control the battery balancing circuit and battery protection switch to protect the battery module charging and discharging process safety. The modular battery management system is mainly composed of a mixed-signal processor, voltage measurement, current measurement, temperature measurement, battery balancing, and protection switch module. The testing results show that the errors between the voltage value measured by the voltage measurement module and the actual value are less than 0.5%, about 1% under the conditions of different charging and discharging currents of 9 A and 18 A for the current measuring module, less than 1% for the temperature measurement module; and the battery balancing in the battery management system during the charging process. When the module is charged at 4.5 A for about 805 s, each cell of the battery has reached the balancing state. Finally, the testing results validate that the modular battery management system proposed in this paper can effectively manage the battery balancing of each cell in the battery module, battery module overcharge, over-discharge, temperature protection, and control.
Hung-Cheng Chen; Shin-Shiuan Li; Shing-Lih Wu; Chung-Yu Lee. Design of a Modular Battery Management System for Electric Motorcycle. Energies 2021, 14, 3532 .
AMA StyleHung-Cheng Chen, Shin-Shiuan Li, Shing-Lih Wu, Chung-Yu Lee. Design of a Modular Battery Management System for Electric Motorcycle. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3532.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHung-Cheng Chen; Shin-Shiuan Li; Shing-Lih Wu; Chung-Yu Lee. 2021. "Design of a Modular Battery Management System for Electric Motorcycle." Energies 14, no. 12: 3532.
A novel, active cell balancing circuit and charging strategy in lithium battery pack is proposed in this paper. The active cell balancing circuit mainly consists of a battery voltage measurement circuit and switch control circuit. First, all individual cell voltages are measured by an MSP430 microcontroller equipped with an isolation circuit and a filter circuit. Then, the maximum cell voltage difference is calculated by subtracting the minimum cell voltage from the maximum cell voltage. When the maximum cell voltage difference exceeds 0.05 V, the balancing action starts to carry on. The MSP430 microcontroller output controls signals to close the switches corresponding to the battery cell with the maximum voltage. At this time, the balancing charge power performs a balancing charge for other batteries, except for the one that is switched on. In addition, a three-stage balancing charge strategy is also proposed in this paper to achieve the goal of speedy charging with balancing action. In the first stage, a 0.5 C balancing current is used to perform pre-balanced charging on all battery cells until the maximum cell voltage difference is less than 0.05 V, which is required for entry to the second stage of charging. In the second stage, constant current charging of 1 C, coupled with 0.2 C balancing current charging is carried out, until the maximum battery cell voltage reaches 4.2 V, which is required for entry into the third stage of charging. In the third stage, a constant voltage charging is coupled with 0.2 C balancing current charging, until the maximum battery cell voltage reaches 4.25 V, which is required to complete the balancing charge. The imbalance of power between the battery cells during battery pack charging, which reduces battery charging efficiency and battery life, is thus effectively improved. In this paper, a six-cells-in-series and two-in parallel lithium battery pack is used to perform a balancing charge test. Test results show that the battery cells in the battery pack are capable of quickly completing a balancing charge under different initial voltages, the maximum voltage difference is reduced to within the range of 0.05 V, and the total time required for each balancing charge is approximately 3600 s.
Shing-Lih Wu; Hung-Cheng Chen; Chih-Hsuan Chien. A Novel Active Cell Balancing Circuit and Charging Strategy in Lithium Battery Pack. Energies 2019, 12, 4473 .
AMA StyleShing-Lih Wu, Hung-Cheng Chen, Chih-Hsuan Chien. A Novel Active Cell Balancing Circuit and Charging Strategy in Lithium Battery Pack. Energies. 2019; 12 (23):4473.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShing-Lih Wu; Hung-Cheng Chen; Chih-Hsuan Chien. 2019. "A Novel Active Cell Balancing Circuit and Charging Strategy in Lithium Battery Pack." Energies 12, no. 23: 4473.