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Because the application of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) causes accelerated adverse effects on the animal diet, the scientific community has taken progressive steps to enhance sustainable animal productivity without using AGP in animal nutrition. Organic acids (OAs) are non-antibiotic feed additives and a promising feeding strategy in the swine and broiler industry. Mechanistically, OAs improve productivity through multiple and diverse pathways in: (a) reduction of pathogenic bacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) by reducing the gut pH; (b) boosting the digestibility of nutrients by facilitating digestive enzyme secretion and increasing feed retention time in the gut system; and (c) having a positive impact and preventing meat quality deterioration without leaving any chemical residues. Recent studies have reported the effectiveness of using encapsulated OAs and synergistic mechanisms of OAs combinations in swine and broiler productivity. On the other hand, the synergistic mechanisms of OAs and the optimal combination of OAs in the animal diet are not completely understood, and further intensive scientific explorations are needed. Moreover, the ultimate production parameters are not similar owing to the type of OAs, concentration level, growth phase, health status of animals, hygienic standards, and environmental factors. Thus, those factors need to be considered before implementing OAs in feeding practices. In conclusion, the current review evaluates the basics of OAs, mode of action, novel strategies to enhance utilization, influence on growth performances, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality traits of swine and broilers and their potential concerns regarding utilization.
Dhanushka Rathnayake; Hong Mun; Muhammad Dilawar; Kwang Baek; Chul Yang. Time for a Paradigm Shift in Animal Nutrition Metabolic Pathway: Dietary Inclusion of Organic Acids on the Production Parameters, Nutrient Digestibility, and Meat Quality Traits of Swine and Broilers. Life 2021, 11, 476 .
AMA StyleDhanushka Rathnayake, Hong Mun, Muhammad Dilawar, Kwang Baek, Chul Yang. Time for a Paradigm Shift in Animal Nutrition Metabolic Pathway: Dietary Inclusion of Organic Acids on the Production Parameters, Nutrient Digestibility, and Meat Quality Traits of Swine and Broilers. Life. 2021; 11 (6):476.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDhanushka Rathnayake; Hong Mun; Muhammad Dilawar; Kwang Baek; Chul Yang. 2021. "Time for a Paradigm Shift in Animal Nutrition Metabolic Pathway: Dietary Inclusion of Organic Acids on the Production Parameters, Nutrient Digestibility, and Meat Quality Traits of Swine and Broilers." Life 11, no. 6: 476.
Because the application of antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) causes accelerated adverse effects on the animal diet, the scientific community has taken progressive steps to enhance sustainable animal productivity without using AGP in animal nutrition. Organic acids (OAs) are non-antibiotic feed additives and a promising feeding strategy in the swine and broiler industry. Mechanistically, OAs improve productivity through multiple and diverse pathways: (a) reduction of pathogenic bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by reducing the gut pH; (b) boosting the digestibility of nutrients by facilitating digestive enzyme secretion and increasing feed retention time in the gut system; (c) having a positive impact and preventing meat quality deterioration without leaving any chemical residues. Recent studies have reported the effectiveness of using encapsulated OAs and synergistic mechanisms of OAs combinations in swine and broiler productivity. On the other hand, the synergistic mechanisms of OAs and the optimal combination of OAs in the animal diet are not completely understood, and further intensive scientific explorations are needed. Moreover, the ultimate production parameters are not similar owing to the type of OAs, concentration level, growth phase, health status of animals, hygienic standards, and environmental factors. Thus, those factors need to be considered before implementing OAs in feeding practices. In conclusion, the current review evaluated the basics of OAs, mode of action, novel strategies to enhance utilization, influence on growth performances, nutrient digestibility, quality traits, and meat preservation of swine and broilers and their potential concerns regarding utilization.
Dhanushka Rathnayake; Hong Seok Mun; Muhammad Ammar Dilawar; Kwang Soo Baek; Chul Ju Yang. Time for a Paradigm Shift in Animal Nutrition Metabolic Pathway: Dietary Inclusion of Organic Acids on the Production Parameters, Nutrient Digestibility and Meat Quality Traits of Swine and Broilers. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleDhanushka Rathnayake, Hong Seok Mun, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar, Kwang Soo Baek, Chul Ju Yang. Time for a Paradigm Shift in Animal Nutrition Metabolic Pathway: Dietary Inclusion of Organic Acids on the Production Parameters, Nutrient Digestibility and Meat Quality Traits of Swine and Broilers. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDhanushka Rathnayake; Hong Seok Mun; Muhammad Ammar Dilawar; Kwang Soo Baek; Chul Ju Yang. 2021. "Time for a Paradigm Shift in Animal Nutrition Metabolic Pathway: Dietary Inclusion of Organic Acids on the Production Parameters, Nutrient Digestibility and Meat Quality Traits of Swine and Broilers." , no. : 1.
This study examined the effects of Mentha arvensis (MA) and Geranium thunbergii (GT) extracts in drinking water on the production performance, egg quality, cholesterol content of egg yolk, proximate composition, and sensory qualities of egg and immunity parameters in laying hens. Ninety-six 28-week-old Hy-Line Brown layers were randomly divided into four dietary treatments for 16 weeks. The dietary treatments were (1) control, (2) T1 (0.01% 1 MA:1 GT), (3) T2 (0.05% 1 MA:1 GT), and (4) T3 (0.1% 1 MA:1 GT). Egg production increased significantly with increasing levels of MA and GT. The egg weight was increased in T2, and the feed intake was highest in T2 and T3 (p < 0.05). The Haugh unit and egg shape index were significantly better in T3 and the control than with other treatments (p < 0.05). The content of yolk cholesterol was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in T2 and T3. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in the egg proximate composition. A significant increase in the serum interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) concentration was observed in the birds fed plant extracts when compared to the control. On average, T2 and T3 showed significantly lower (p < 0.05) concentrations of NH3 gas from the feces as compared to the control. This study suggests that MA and GT supplementation could improve the laying performance, egg quality, and immunity, and decrease the egg yolk cholesterol content in a dose-dependent manner.
Muhammad Dilawar; Hong Mun; Dhanushka Rathnayake; Eun Yang; Ye Seo; Hyeoung Park; Chul Yang. Egg Quality Parameters, Production Performance and Immunity of Laying Hens Supplemented with Plant Extracts. Animals 2021, 11, 975 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Dilawar, Hong Mun, Dhanushka Rathnayake, Eun Yang, Ye Seo, Hyeoung Park, Chul Yang. Egg Quality Parameters, Production Performance and Immunity of Laying Hens Supplemented with Plant Extracts. Animals. 2021; 11 (4):975.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Dilawar; Hong Mun; Dhanushka Rathnayake; Eun Yang; Ye Seo; Hyeoung Park; Chul Yang. 2021. "Egg Quality Parameters, Production Performance and Immunity of Laying Hens Supplemented with Plant Extracts." Animals 11, no. 4: 975.
This study examined the effects of stevioside (S) and organic selenium (O-Se) supplementation on the sensory attributes, microbial activity, fatty acid composition, and meat quality traits of Hanwoo cattle (Korean native cattle). Twenty-four Hanwoo cattle (663 ± 22 kg body weight) were assigned to two dietary treatments for 8 months: control diet and 1% stevioside with 0.08% organic selenium supplemented diet. S and O-Se inclusion in the diet enhanced the final body weight, weight gain, and carcass crude protein (p < 0.05). Moreover, supplementation with S and O-Se had a significant effect on lowering the drip loss and shear force and enhanced the a* (redness) of the longissimus dorsi muscle (p < 0.05). The inclusion of dietary S and O-Se improved the sum of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (ΣPUFAs) content of the meat, and the oxidative status (TBARS) values during second week of storage decreased by 42% (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the microbial count tended to decrease (7.62 vs. 7.41 log10 CFU), but it was not significant (p > 0.05), and all sensory attributes were enhanced in the S and O-Se supplemented diet. Overall, these results suggest that supplementation of the ruminant diet with stevioside and organic selenium improves the growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality with enriched PUFAs profile and retards the lipid oxidation during the storage period in beef.
Yong Geum Shin; Dhanushka Rathnayake; Hong Seok Mun; Muhammad Ammar Dilawar; Sreynak Pov; Chul Ju Yang. Sensory Attributes, Microbial Activity, Fatty Acid Composition and Meat Quality Traits of Hanwoo Cattle Fed a Diet Supplemented with Stevioside and Organic Selenium. Foods 2021, 10, 129 .
AMA StyleYong Geum Shin, Dhanushka Rathnayake, Hong Seok Mun, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar, Sreynak Pov, Chul Ju Yang. Sensory Attributes, Microbial Activity, Fatty Acid Composition and Meat Quality Traits of Hanwoo Cattle Fed a Diet Supplemented with Stevioside and Organic Selenium. Foods. 2021; 10 (1):129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYong Geum Shin; Dhanushka Rathnayake; Hong Seok Mun; Muhammad Ammar Dilawar; Sreynak Pov; Chul Ju Yang. 2021. "Sensory Attributes, Microbial Activity, Fatty Acid Composition and Meat Quality Traits of Hanwoo Cattle Fed a Diet Supplemented with Stevioside and Organic Selenium." Foods 10, no. 1: 129.
High electricity consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2), and elevated noxious gas emission in the global livestock sector have a negative influence on environmental sustainability. This study examined the effects of a heating system using an air heat pump (AHP) on the energy saving, housing environment, and productivity traits of pigs. During the experimental period of 16 weeks, the internal temperature was found to be higher (p < 0.05) in the AHP house than in the conventional house. Moreover, the average electricity consumption and CO2 emission decreased by approximately 40 kWh and 19.32 kg, respectively, in the AHP house compared to the house with the conventional heating system. The average NH3 and H2S emissions were significantly lower in the AHP house (p < 0.05) during the growth stages. The AHP and conventional heating systems did not have a significant influence (p > 0.05) on the average ultra-fine dust (PM2.5) and formaldehyde level fluctuations. Furthermore, both heating systems did not show a significant difference in the average growth performance of pigs (p > 0.05), but the weight gain tended to increase in the AHP house. In conclusion, the AHP system has great potential to reduce energy consumption, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and noxious gas emissions by providing economic benefits and an eco-friendly renewable energy source.
Myeong Jeong; Dhanushka Rathnayake; Hong Mun; Muhammad Dilawar; Kwang Park; Sang Lee; Chul Yang. Effect of a Sustainable Air Heat Pump System on Energy Efficiency, Housing Environment, and Productivity Traits in a Pig Farm. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9772 .
AMA StyleMyeong Jeong, Dhanushka Rathnayake, Hong Mun, Muhammad Dilawar, Kwang Park, Sang Lee, Chul Yang. Effect of a Sustainable Air Heat Pump System on Energy Efficiency, Housing Environment, and Productivity Traits in a Pig Farm. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9772.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMyeong Jeong; Dhanushka Rathnayake; Hong Mun; Muhammad Dilawar; Kwang Park; Sang Lee; Chul Yang. 2020. "Effect of a Sustainable Air Heat Pump System on Energy Efficiency, Housing Environment, and Productivity Traits in a Pig Farm." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9772.
This study examined the effects of a heating system using a ground source geothermal heat pump (GHP). A GHP was installed in a pig house, and a comparative analysis was performed between the GHP and the control (conventional heating system) in terms of the production performance, housing environment, noxious gas emissions, electricity consumption, and economics. The geothermal system performance index, such as the coefficient of performance (COP), inlet, and outlet temperature, were also evaluated. The outflow temperature during each period (weaning, growing, and finishing) was significantly higher than the inflow temperature in all three components of the GHP system. Similarly, the average internal temperature of the GHP-connected pig house was increased (p < 0.05) during each period. The carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, electricity usage, and cost of electricity during the 16-week experimental period were reduced significantly in the GHP system relative to the control. The concentrations of ammonia (NH3) during the growing and finishing period and the concentrations of formaldehyde during the weaning phase were also lower in the GHP-installed pig house (p < 0.05). These results indicate that the GHP system can be used as an environmentally friendly renewable energy source in pig houses for sustainable pig production without harming the growth performance.
Hong Seok Mun; Muhammad Ammar Dilawar; Myeong Gil Jeong; Dhanushka Rathnayake; Jun Sung Won; Kwang Woo Park; Sang Ro Lee; Sang Bum Ryu; Chul Ju Yang. Effect of a Heating System Using a Ground Source Geothermal Heat Pump on Production Performance, Energy-Saving and Housing Environment of Pigs. Animals 2020, 10, 2075 .
AMA StyleHong Seok Mun, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar, Myeong Gil Jeong, Dhanushka Rathnayake, Jun Sung Won, Kwang Woo Park, Sang Ro Lee, Sang Bum Ryu, Chul Ju Yang. Effect of a Heating System Using a Ground Source Geothermal Heat Pump on Production Performance, Energy-Saving and Housing Environment of Pigs. Animals. 2020; 10 (11):2075.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHong Seok Mun; Muhammad Ammar Dilawar; Myeong Gil Jeong; Dhanushka Rathnayake; Jun Sung Won; Kwang Woo Park; Sang Ro Lee; Sang Bum Ryu; Chul Ju Yang. 2020. "Effect of a Heating System Using a Ground Source Geothermal Heat Pump on Production Performance, Energy-Saving and Housing Environment of Pigs." Animals 10, no. 11: 2075.
A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with three concentrations (control or 0%, 0.5% and 1.0%) of fermented Saccharina japonica and Dendropanax morbifera (FSJ-DM) on the meat composition, growth performance, oxidative stability and fatty acid profile of Korean native black goat (KNBG) meat. The feed conversion ratio and body weight gain (1st to 2nd month) were improved significantly (p < 0.05) in response to feed supplemented with 1.0% FSJ-DM. Moisture content was increased, whereas ether extract and cholesterol contents were decreased in meat obtained from goats supplemented with 1.0% FSJ-DM dietary feeds (p < 0.05). In the same diet group, the total saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA) were lower, whereas the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA) was higher, along with higher PUFA/SFA ratio and lower n-6/n-3 ratio (p < 0.05). On an average, the dietary supplementation of 1.0% FSJ-DM reduced the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and pH values of goat meat. Overall, the results of this study suggest that diet supplemented with 1.0% FSJ-DM improves the meat composition, growth performance and fatty acid profile and reduces lipid oxidation of goat meat.
Jamila Fatima L. Saturno; Muhammad Ammar Dilawar; Hong-Seok Mun; Dae Hun Kim; Dhanushka Rathnayake; Chul-Ju Yang. Meat Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Sensory Attributes of Meat from Goats Fed Diet Supplemented with Fermented Saccharina japonica and Dendropanax morbifera. Foods 2020, 9, 937 .
AMA StyleJamila Fatima L. Saturno, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar, Hong-Seok Mun, Dae Hun Kim, Dhanushka Rathnayake, Chul-Ju Yang. Meat Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Sensory Attributes of Meat from Goats Fed Diet Supplemented with Fermented Saccharina japonica and Dendropanax morbifera. Foods. 2020; 9 (7):937.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJamila Fatima L. Saturno; Muhammad Ammar Dilawar; Hong-Seok Mun; Dae Hun Kim; Dhanushka Rathnayake; Chul-Ju Yang. 2020. "Meat Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Sensory Attributes of Meat from Goats Fed Diet Supplemented with Fermented Saccharina japonica and Dendropanax morbifera." Foods 9, no. 7: 937.