It is important to create a comfortable wind environment around high-rise buildings for outdoor activities. To predict the wind environment, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been widely used by designers and engineers. However, the simulation results of different CFD turbulence models might significantly vary. This paper researched the wind environment around a typical high-rise building and verified the accuracy of the CFD simulations based on polyhedral meshes. The differences between the simulation results of the k-ε turbulence models and those of the wind tunnel experiments were compared from the perspectives of wind speed and turbulence energy. The results show that the modified k-ε models could still not perfectly match the wind tunnel experiment results. Specifically, in the low-wind-speed areas, the simulation results of the Realizable Two-Layer K-Epsilon (RTLKE) model were the closest to the experimental results of the wind tunnels, while in the high-wind-speed areas the simulation results of the Standard Two-Layer K-Epsilon (STLKE) model were the closest to the experimental results of the wind tunnels. Therefore, it is recommended that these two k-ε turbulence models are applied under different conditions—the RTLKE model should be used to simulate low-wind areas around high-rise buildings (e.g., defining the size of the static-wind area around high-rise buildings, predicting the diffusion time of pollutants around high-rise buildings, etc.); STLKE should be used to simulate high-wind-speed areas around high-rise buildings (e.g., the high speed wind area around high-rise buildings during a typhoon, the maximum wind speed area around high-rise buildings, etc.). It is expected that findings from this research study supplement some existing high-rise building design guidance.
In the resource-exhausted mining regions, because of the finish of mine production and the phenomenon of idle land resources, the number of industrial wastelands has been increasingly growing. In this paper the causes, characteristics and the developing laws with time and spaces of the industrial wastelands were analyzed in the case of Jiawang mining region firstly. Secondly, the problems and the impact factors of the further development of industrial wasteland were discussed; meanwhile the concept of “innovative integration” of the resource was introduced in order to emphasize the importance of redevelopment of industrial wasteland, which can be regarded as the new resource of the mining region. Finally the strategies and approaches of the redevelopment and reutilization of the mining industrial wastelands were discussed in the view of land development, industrial restructuring, and integration of spatial distribution, ecological environment restoration, protection of industrial heritage in the mining area.
Tropical cyclones can cause tremendous harm to coastal areas. This research aims to explore the influence of tropical cyclones on outdoor wind environments in high-rise residential areas in the southeast coastal provinces of China, using Zhejiang Province as an example. It investigated four cities located in Zhejiang Province, including Taizhou and Wenzhou representing coastal cities, and Huzhou and Jiaxing representing inland cities, and collected data from 209 high-rise residential areas. Of these 209 samples, 131 high-rise residential areas with three typical spatial layouts (i.e., rows-style, free-style, and courtyard-style) have been selected for further studies. Numerical simulation was conducted to analyze the outdoor wind environment of these three types of high-rise residential areas, where the height of buildings was set as 26 floors (75 m), during tropical cyclones. Based on a comparison of the wind velocity at the horizontal planes of 1.5 m high and 10 m high, it was found that the spatial layouts of high-rise residential areas could mitigate the negative impact of tropical cyclones on the outdoor wind environment. Specifically, in the coastal cities, the courtyard-style layout led to a relatively small proportion of high wind speed areas (e.g., wind velocity above 14.4 m/s) in the high-rise residential areas; and in the inland cities, the free-style layout led to a relatively small proportion of high wind speed area in the high-rise residential area. In turn, to better cope with the tropical cyclones, it was suggested that the courtyard-style layout should be recommended for high-rise residential areas located in the coastal cities and the free-style layout should be recommended for high-rise residential areas located in the inland cities in coastal provinces.
Based on the research from 2000 to 2020 in China Knowledge Resource Database (CNKI) as the data source, with the help of CiteSpace V and VOSviewer digital technology, a knowledge map is drawn on the number of articles, issuing organizations and keywords of underground space landscape in China. Visualization technology shows the relationship between the structure, evolution, and cooperation of underground space and landscape research, and intuitively shows the research hotspots and frontier dynamics of underground space landscape in China. The experiments results show that the underground space landscape was in its infancy before 2003, and then it began to develop rapidly. At present, underground space landscape research in China mainly focuses on hot spots such as landscape design, urban underground space, and public space. Through the visualized map analysis of the underground space landscape literature, it shows the use of new energy and new technology to create energy-saving underground buildings will become a new research trend.