SIGNIFICANCE: Investigation of the mechanism and the role of melanopsin in lens‐induced myopia is necessary to find out potential targets in the prevention of myopia development. PURPOSE: We aimed to study the effect and mechanism of retinal melanopsin on lens‐induced myopia in guinea pigs, as well as the interactions between melanopsin and other myopic regulation neurotransmitters such as dopamine and melatonin, and to explore the possible role of melanopsin in the prevention of myopia development. METHODS: Twenty‐day‐old tricolor guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups: control group, defocus group, defocus + AA92593 group, and defocus + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group. The defocus eyes wore −6.00 D lens. In the defocus + AA92593 group, the vitreous cavities were injected with melanopsin antagonist AA92593. In the defocus + DMSO group, the vitreous cavities were injected with 5% DMSO as the administration control. The expression of retinal melanopsin protein was measured with immunofluorescence staining and Western blot. The content of dopamine and melatonin in the retina was determined by the high‐performance liquid chromatography electrochemical method. RESULTS: Compared with the defocus group, intravitreal injection of AA92593 resulted in increased axial length of the defocus eyes (defocus, 8.05 ± 0.09 mm; defocus + AA92593, 8.15 ± 0.11 mm; P =. 008), lower refractive degree (defocus, −1.98 ± 0.82 D; defocus + AA92593, −2.59 ± 0.97 D; P =. 05), decreased relative expression of retinal melanopsin protein (defocus, 0.67 ± 0.11; defocus + AA92593, 0.20 ± 0.06; P <. 0001), and increased melatonin content in the defocus eyes (defocus, 0.38 ± 0.09 ng/mg; defocus + AA92593, 0.55 ± 0.13 ng/mg; P =. 01), but it had no obvious effect on dopamine content (defocus, 0.64 ± 0.18 ng/mg; defocus + AA9259, 0.61 ± 0.17 ng/mg; P >. 99). The melatonin content of retina in the defocus + AA92593 group was correlated with refractive error (Pearson correlation coefficient = −0.68, P =. 006) and eye axis length (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.74, P =. 02). CONCLUSIONS: Retinal melanopsin has inhibitory effect on lens‐induced myopia development in guinea pigs, and such effect may be related to retinal melatonin.

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that can also act as an extracellular trigger of inflammation, proliferation, and migration in eye diseases. It induces signaling pathways by binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2, 4, and 9. This proinflammatory activity is considered to be important in the pathogenesis of a wide range of ocular diseases resulting from hemodynamic changes, presence of neovascular endothelial cells, secretion of intraocular immune factors or inflammation, and apoptosis of retinal cell layers. Further work is needed to elucidate in detail how HMGB1 contributes to ocular disease and how its damaging activity can be modulated. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on HMGB1 as a ligand that can evoke inflammation and immune responses in ocular diseases.

Purpose. To determine the prevalence of peripheral retinopathy and its associated risk factors among a sample of Guangzhou office computer workers.Methods. A cross-sectional study of Guangzhou Chinese computer workstations and operators in different departments and units of the Guangzhou Power Supply Bureau, China, in 2016. Peripheral retinopathy was recorded and analyzed using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO; Optos, Daytona, United Kingdom) and slit-lamp microscopy combined with a three-mirror contact lens.Results. The 1934 eyes of 967 subjects (513 females and 454 males) were included in this study. In total, 79.1% of the eyes were myopic in workers aged 20–29 years, 72.9% in workers aged 30–39 years, 62.2% in workers aged 40–49 years, and 43.4% in workers aged 50–59 years (p<0.001). Most eyes had optic nerve crescents (81.3%). Various peripheral degenerations were found: 7 eyes (0.4%) had microcystoid degeneration, 40 (2.1%) had peripheral pigmentary degeneration, 87 (4.5%) had lattice degeneration, and 4 (0.2%) had snail-track degeneration. Nineteen (1.0%) eyes had paving-stone degeneration, 11 (0.6%) eyes had a retinal hole or tear, and 16 (0.8%) eyes had chorioretinal degeneration. Multivariate regression confirmed that greater axial length (OR: 1.18 (1.03, 1.35),p=0.012) and more serious spherical equivalent (OR: 0.82 (0.77, 0.88),p<0.001) were significant risk factors for peripheral retinal changes.Conclusion. Peripheral retinal degenerative changes were found in a larger proportion of younger computer workers than older ones. Myopia is occurring in younger and younger people, accompanied by peripheral retinal degeneration.