With the increasing challenge of addressing environmental health issues, various approaches have been proposed to reduce environmental problems. For Muslims all over the world, the Qur’an, Hadith, and Sunnah are recognised as the authoritative messages for spiritual and behavioural guidance on how humans can react to protect the environment and health. This review aims to integrate the environment with health from the perspective of Islam. An exploration of Qur’anic, Hadith, and Sunnah Muslim scholar views and articles was carried out to identify environmental health issues. Integrating Islamic aspects into environmental health includes: (i) environmental dimensions of natural and social environments; (ii) dimensions of health including disease, wellness, intellectual health, transcendence, and Qalbe Salim; and (iii) principles that can be used to describe people’s attitudes towards the environment through unity, balance, and responsibility. Differences between Islamic and Western views on the environment include that taqwa-centric is the highest level of environmental responsibility, with religious duty serving as the key driver of environmental activity. About 89 verses were identified in 42 Qur’anic chapters, with a strong emphasis on the health aspect in relation to the water, biodiversity, corruption of the earth, waste minimisation, and climate change. The Hadith and Sunnah highlight cleanliness as another important value in Islamic ethics, focusing on environmental conservation. Current and future research trends may be able to identify research gaps concerning the Islamic aspect of handling environmental health issues, which can then be implemented into the educational system. These findings imply that Islam could be a powerful source and educational medium for environmental health interventions in large communities, as well as for improving and preserving a healthy environment.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that has been increasingly recognized worldwide, including in Malaysia. However, there remains a gap in understanding the prevalence, parental attitudes, cultural influences, and the role of knowledge and awareness in shaping societal acceptance of ASD. This review aims to describe the prevalence of ASD among children in Malaysia, determine the role of parental attitudes in the developmental outcomes of children with ASD, examine the impact of cultural beliefs and social norms on parental attitudes, and explain how parental knowledge and awareness influence their acceptance of ASD children. Existing data shows that the prevalence of ASD in Malaysia is rising, partly due to increased awareness and improved diagnostic tools. It was recorded that 1 in 625 Malaysian children had ASD. Studies show a substantial increase in diagnosed cases, particularly in urban areas such as Selangor. High parental stress, lack of coping mechanisms, and financial burdens contribute to poorer developmental outcomes, thus, positive parental attitudes are associated with better social skills and emotion regulation in ASD children. In Malaysia, traditional and religious beliefs often contribute to stigma, leading to misconceptions about ASD being linked to karma or supernatural causes. This discourages parents from seeking early intervention and support. Research suggests that higher awareness levels are associated with earlier diagnosis, better intervention outcomes, and reduced stigma. It also improves parental understanding and support for ASD children.

Using a conventional approach via visual observation on the ground, farmers encounter difficulties monitoring the entire paddy field area, and it is time-consuming to do manually. The application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) could help farmers optimise inputs such as water and fertiliser to increase yield, productivity, and quality, allowing them to manage their operations at lower costs and with minimum environmental impact. Therefore, this article aims to provide an overview of the integration of UAV and multispectral sensors in monitoring paddy growth applications based on vegetation indices and soil plant analysis development (SPAD) data. The article briefly describes current rice production in Malaysia and a general concept of precision agriculture technologies. The application of multispectral sensors integrated with UAVs in monitoring paddy growth is highlighted. Previous research on aerial imagery derived from the multispectral sensor using the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) is explored to provide information regarding the health condition of the paddy. Validation of the paddy growth map using SPAD data in determining the leaf’s relative chlorophyll and nitrogen content is also being discussed. Implementation of precision agriculture among low-income farmers could provide valuable insights into the practical implications of this review. With ongoing education, training and experience, farmers can eventually manage the UAV independently in the field. This article concludes with a future research direction regarding the production of growth maps for other crops using a variety of vegetation indices and map validation using the SPAD metre values.

In the last few decades, public health surveillance has increasingly applied statistical methods to analyze the spatial disease distributions. Nevertheless, contact tracing and follow up control measures for tuberculosis (TB) patients remain challenging because public health officers often lack the programming skills needed to utilize the software appropriately. This study aimed to develop a more user-friendly application by applying the CodeIgniter framework for server development, ArcGIS JavaScript for data display and a web application based on JavaScript and Hypertext Preprocessor to build the server’s interface, while a webGIS technology was used for mapping. The performance of this approach was tested based on 3325 TB cases and their sociodemographic data, such as age, gender, race, nationality, country of origin, educational level, employment status, health care worker status, income status, residency status, and smoking status between 1^st January 2013 and 31^st December 2017 in Gombak, Selangor, Malaysia. These data were collected from the Gombak District Health Office and Rawang Health Clinic. Latitude and longitude of the location for each case was geocoded by uploading spatial data using Google Earth and the main output was an interactive map displaying location of each case. Filters are available for the selection of the various sociodemographic factors of interest. The application developed should assist public health experts to utilize spatial data for the surveillance purposes comprehensively as well as for the drafting of regulations aimed at to reducing mortality and morbidity and thus minimizing the public health impact of the disease.