Graphene as the 2D material with extraordinary properties has attracted the interest of research communities to master the synthesis of this remarkable material at a large scale without sacrificing the quality. Although Top-Down and Bottom-Up approaches produce graphene of different quality, chemical vapour deposition (CVD) stands as the most promising technique. This review details the leading CVD methods for graphene growth, including hot-wall, cold-wall and plasma-enhanced CVD. The role of process conditions and growth substrates on the nucleation and growth of graphene film are thoroughly discussed. The essential characterisation techniques in the study of CVD-grown graphene are reported, highlighting the characteristics of a sample which can be extracted from those techniques. This review also offers a brief overview of the applications to which CVD-grown graphene is well-suited, drawing particular attention to its potential in the sectors of energy and electronic devices.

Titanium alloys are common biomedical materials due to their biocompatibility and mechanical performance. However, titanium alloys are expensive and, unless surface treated, generally cannot prevent surgical infections related to bacteria which can damage the integrity of the implant. In this study, new titanium alloys were developed via powder metallurgy and the addition of manganese and copper, respectively, aiming to limit the manufacturing costs and induce new functionality on the materials including antibacterial response. The addition of manganese and copper to titanium significantly changes the behaviour of the Ti-Mn-Cu alloys leading to the successful stabilization of the beta titanium phase, great refinement of the typical lamellar structure, and achievement of materials with low level of porosity. Consequently, it is found that the mechanical performance and the antibacterial efficacy are enhanced by the addition of a higher amount of alloying elements. The manufactured Ti-Mn-Cu alloys fulfil the requirements for structural biomedical implants and have antibacterial response making them potential candidates for permanent medical implants.

Graphene, the 2D material and the basic building block of the sp₂ carbon family has received enormous attention from research and industrial communities due to its remarkable properties. Graphene's potential to be implemented is limitless and it varies from medical, water, energy, composites sectors, etc. In this paper, graphene potential in composites, energy storage, and water purification are highlighted. Reviewing, in particular, the crucial role of graphene/polymer interface in improving the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites and the effect of constitutive parameters such as graphene lateral size and surface chemistry. Moreover, the latest contributions of graphene and graphene derivatives in functional composites, such as sensors, actuators, hydrogels, and aerogels, are reviewed. This is followed by reviewing graphene and its derivatives for energy storage such as in lithium‐ion batteries, metal–air batteries, and graphene‐based supercapacitors. Finally, reporting the latest advances in graphene for water treatment, reviewing the different filtration/treatment methods, and the importance of graphene selective permeability properties.