Samal, N. R., W. Wollheim, S. Zuidema, R. Stewart, Z. Zhou, M. M. Mineau, M. Borsuk, K. H. Gardner, S. Glidden, T. Huang, D. Lutz, G. Mavrommati, A. M. Thorn, C. P. Wake, and M. Huber. 2017. A coupled terrestrial and aquatic biogeophysical model of the Upper Merrimack River watershed, New Hampshire, to inform ecosystem services evaluation and management under climate and land-cover change. Ecology and Society 22(4):18. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09662-220418

The establishment of sown pasture is an important agricultural practice in many landscapes. Although both native grassland and sown pasture play a key role in the global carbon cycle, due to lack of data and field experiments, our understanding of grassland CH₄ fluxes and CO₂ emissions remains limited, especially when it comes to sown pasture. We measured ecosystem respiration and CH₄ fluxes in response to a variety of potential drivers (soil temperature, soil moisture, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon) in CG (continuous grazing), RG (rotational grazing) and UG (ungrazed) plots in sown grassland for one year in Inner Mongolia. Fluxes of CH₄ and ecosystem respiration were measured using static opaque chambers and gas chromatography. Grazing significantly reduced ecosystem respiration (p < 0.01), and grazing pattern significantly influenced respiration in CG and RG plots (p < 0.01). We find that the sown grassland is a net sink for atmospheric CH₄. No influence of grazing pattern was observed on CH₄ flux in CG, RG and UG (p > 0.05). Soil temperature is the most important factor influencing ecosystem respiration and CH₄ flux in the sown grassland, with soil moisture playing a secondary role to soil temperature. Variation in levels of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon had little influence on ecosystem respiration or CH₄ flux (except in UG plots). The values obtained for ecosystem respiration of grasslands have a large uncertainty range, which may be due to spatial variability as well as differences in research methods. Mean CH₄ fluxes measured only during the growing season were much higher than the annual mean CH₄ fluxes.