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Dr. Nicole S. Morgado Vieira
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0 Chemistry
0 Thermophysical properties of liquids and mixtures
0 Ecotoxicity Studies
0 Cytotoxicity assays
0 Drug delivery systems

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Journal article
Published: 04 March 2021 in Sustainable Chemistry
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Proteins are bioactive compounds with high potential to be applied in the biopharmaceutical industry, food science and as biocatalysts. However, protein stability is very difficult to maintain outside of the native environment, which hinders their applications. Fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) are a promising family of surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs) that have an amphiphilic behavior and the ability to self-aggregate in aqueous solutions by the formation of colloidal systems. In this work, the protein lysozyme was selected to infer on the influence of FILs in its stability and activity. Then, the cytotoxicity of FILs was determined to evaluate their biocompatibility, concluding that the selected compounds have neglected cytotoxicity. Therefore, UV–visible spectroscopy was used to infer the FIL-lysozyme interactions, concluding that the predominant interaction is the encapsulation of the lysozyme by FILs. The encapsulation efficiency was also tested, which highly depends on the concentration and anion of FIL. Finally, the bioactivity and thermal stability of lysozyme were evaluated, and the encapsulated lysozyme keeps its activity and thermal stability, concluding that FILs can be a potential stabilizer to be used in protein-based delivery systems.

ACS Style

Margarida Ferreira; Nicole Vieira; João Araújo; Ana Pereiro. Unveiling the Influence of Non-Toxic Fluorinated Ionic Liquids Aqueous Solutions in the Encapsulation and Stability of Lysozyme. Sustainable Chemistry 2021, 2, 149 -166.

AMA Style

Margarida Ferreira, Nicole Vieira, João Araújo, Ana Pereiro. Unveiling the Influence of Non-Toxic Fluorinated Ionic Liquids Aqueous Solutions in the Encapsulation and Stability of Lysozyme. Sustainable Chemistry. 2021; 2 (1):149-166.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Margarida Ferreira; Nicole Vieira; João Araújo; Ana Pereiro. 2021. "Unveiling the Influence of Non-Toxic Fluorinated Ionic Liquids Aqueous Solutions in the Encapsulation and Stability of Lysozyme." Sustainable Chemistry 2, no. 1: 149-166.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2021 in Sustainable Chemistry
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The task-specific design of ionic liquids (ILs) has emerged in several industrial and pharmaceutical applications. The family of ILs with fluorine tags equal to or longer than four carbon atoms, the fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs), combine the best properties of ILs with the ones of perfluorinated compounds, and are being designed for several specific purposes. In the pharmaceutical field, there is an urgency to search for novel antibacterial agents to overcome problems associated to antimicrobial resistances. Then, the main purpose of this work is to evaluate the environmental impact and the ability of FILs to be used as antibacterial agents against Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteria. Beyond its rare pathogenicity, these bacteria are also used as a bioremediation agent to treat several contamination sites. Then, it is important to determine which FILs have antibacterial properties, and which do not impact the bacterial growth. The biocompatibility of FILs was also evaluated through their hemolytic activity and represent a step forward the application of FILs in pharmaceutical applications. The results proved that high concentrations of FILs can have a reduced ecotoxicity and a high biocompatibility. [C8C1Im][CF3SO3] was identified as the most promising compound to be used as an antibacterial agent since it prevents the growth of bacteria at concentrations compatible with the red blood cells’ viability.

ACS Style

Nicole Vieira; Ana Oliveira; João Araújo; Maria Gaspar; Ana Pereiro. Ecotoxicity and Hemolytic Activity of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids. Sustainable Chemistry 2021, 2, 115 -126.

AMA Style

Nicole Vieira, Ana Oliveira, João Araújo, Maria Gaspar, Ana Pereiro. Ecotoxicity and Hemolytic Activity of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids. Sustainable Chemistry. 2021; 2 (1):115-126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicole Vieira; Ana Oliveira; João Araújo; Maria Gaspar; Ana Pereiro. 2021. "Ecotoxicity and Hemolytic Activity of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids." Sustainable Chemistry 2, no. 1: 115-126.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2020 in Nanomaterials
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Nowadays, pharmaceutical companies are facing several challenges with the development and approval of new biological products. The unique properties of several fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs), such as their high surfactant power in aqueous solutions, their chemical and biological stability, and low toxicity, favor their application in the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, the numerous combinations between cations and anions, in the FILs design, enlarge the possibilities to construct a successful delivery system. Several FILs also proved to not affect the activity, stability, and secondary structure of the therapeutic protein lysozyme. This work aims to study the aggregation behavior of distinct FILs in the protein suitable medium, in the presence or absence of lysozyme. Besides, different incubation conditions were tested to guarantee the optimal enzymatic activity of the protein at more stable delivery systems. Following the optimization of the incubation conditions, the quantification of the encapsulated lysozyme was performed to evaluate the encapsulation efficiency of each FIL-based system. The release of the protein was tested applying variables such as time, temperature, and ultrasound frequency. The experimental results suggest that the aggregation behavior of FILs is not significantly influenced by the protein and/or protein buffer and supports their application for the design of delivery systems with high encapsulation efficiencies, maintaining the biological activity of either encapsulated and released protein.

ACS Style

N. Vieira; P. Castro; D. Marques; J. Araújo; A. Pereiro. Tailor-Made Fluorinated Ionic Liquids for Protein Delivery. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1594 .

AMA Style

N. Vieira, P. Castro, D. Marques, J. Araújo, A. Pereiro. Tailor-Made Fluorinated Ionic Liquids for Protein Delivery. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (8):1594.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. Vieira; P. Castro; D. Marques; J. Araújo; A. Pereiro. 2020. "Tailor-Made Fluorinated Ionic Liquids for Protein Delivery." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8: 1594.

Journal article
Published: 04 October 2019 in Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data
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Mixing ionic liquids (as well as mixing an inorganic salt in an ionic liquid) constitutes an easy, elegant methodology for obtaining new ionic materials. In this study, 3 ionic liquids (ILs) sharing a common cation were synthesized and mixed in 9 different proportions giving rise to 27 binary mixtures. Specifically, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, [C4C1Im][NO3], 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, [C4C1Im]Cl, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methanesulfonate, [C4C1Im][CH3SO3], were synthesized and characterized. They all share 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium as the common archetypal cation. None of them (or any of their binary mixtures) is liquid at room temperature (T = 298.15 K), and two of them are only in the liquid state above temperatures of 343–353 K. Despite belonging to commonly used families of ILs, their handling and the study of their liquid properties (neat and mixtures) have become particularly difficult, mainly because of their tendency to solidify and their high viscosity (caused by hydrogen-bonded networks). The main goal of this work is to evaluate the thermal, dynamic, and volumetric properties of these compounds and their mixtures as well as the solid–liquid equilibria of their binary mixtures. Thermal properties, such as melting and glass-transition temperatures, were determined or calculated. Therefore, both density and viscosity have been measured and were used for the calculation of the isobaric thermal expansion coefficient, molar volumes, excess molar volumes, and viscosity deviations to linearity.

ACS Style

Nicole S. M. Vieira; Isabel Vazquez; João M. M. Araújo; Natalia V. Plechkova; Kenneth R. Seddon; Luís P. N. Rebelo; Ana B. Pereiro. Physicochemical Characterization of Ionic Liquid Binary Mixtures Containing 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium as the Common Cation. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 2019, 64, 4891 -4903.

AMA Style

Nicole S. M. Vieira, Isabel Vazquez, João M. M. Araújo, Natalia V. Plechkova, Kenneth R. Seddon, Luís P. N. Rebelo, Ana B. Pereiro. Physicochemical Characterization of Ionic Liquid Binary Mixtures Containing 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium as the Common Cation. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data. 2019; 64 (11):4891-4903.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicole S. M. Vieira; Isabel Vazquez; João M. M. Araújo; Natalia V. Plechkova; Kenneth R. Seddon; Luís P. N. Rebelo; Ana B. Pereiro. 2019. "Physicochemical Characterization of Ionic Liquid Binary Mixtures Containing 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium as the Common Cation." Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data 64, no. 11: 4891-4903.

Journal article
Published: 18 April 2019 in Journal of Molecular Liquids
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In this work a specific family of ionic liquids, denominated fluorinated ionic liquids, with fluorine tags equal or longer than four carbon atoms, are fully characterized in order to understand their solubility and self-aggregation in aqueous solutions. The numerous combinations between cations and anions make these compounds a feasible option for the replacement of traditional and toxic surfactants used in the industrial and biomedical field. In this work, the increment of both hydrogenated and fluorinated side chain lengths, the influence of the cation headgroup (imidazolium and cholinium) as well as the difference between perfluorobutanesulfonate and perfluoropentanoate anions were studied. The liquid-liquid phase equilibria of fluorinated ionic liquids based on the perfluorobutanesulfonate anion with water were carried out. The self-aggregation behaviour of the different fluorinated ionic liquids in aqueous solutions was also determined using conductimetric titration, surface tension measurements and transmission electron microscopy. Several thermodynamic and surface parameters were obtained and used to discuss the aggregation process. These novel characterized fluorinated ionic liquids demonstrate an improved surface activity and aggregation behaviour, driven essentially by the increment of both hydrogenated and fluorinated chain lengths.

ACS Style

Nicole S.M. Vieira; Joana C. Bastos; Carolina Hermida-Merino; María J. Pastoriza-Gallego; Luís P.N. Rebelo; Manuel M. Piñeiro; João M.M. Araújo; Ana B. Pereiro. Aggregation and phase equilibria of fluorinated ionic liquids. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2019, 285, 386 -396.

AMA Style

Nicole S.M. Vieira, Joana C. Bastos, Carolina Hermida-Merino, María J. Pastoriza-Gallego, Luís P.N. Rebelo, Manuel M. Piñeiro, João M.M. Araújo, Ana B. Pereiro. Aggregation and phase equilibria of fluorinated ionic liquids. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2019; 285 ():386-396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicole S.M. Vieira; Joana C. Bastos; Carolina Hermida-Merino; María J. Pastoriza-Gallego; Luís P.N. Rebelo; Manuel M. Piñeiro; João M.M. Araújo; Ana B. Pereiro. 2019. "Aggregation and phase equilibria of fluorinated ionic liquids." Journal of Molecular Liquids 285, no. : 386-396.

Research article
Published: 10 January 2019 in ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
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Several novel fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs), fully miscible with water and with excellent surfactant behavior, have been studied for pharmacological applications. The use of these novel FILs as drug delivery systems can improve the bioavailability, stability, structure and efficacy of therapeutic proteins. An initial screening of toxicity in four different human cell lines indicated that some of the FILs possess low cytotoxicity. An environmental hazard assessment of these compounds, in the context of Green Pharmacy, is necessary before a pharmaceutical application takes place. In this work, ecotoxicity tests have been performed in aquatic species with different levels of biological organization (Vibrio fischeri, Daphnia magna and Lemna minor) to evaluate intrinsic hazard that these FILs might pose after being released to the aquatic environment from the human body or from industrial processes. Additionally, the biodegradability of these compounds has been evaluated using microorganisms from wastewater treatment plant.

ACS Style

Nicole S. M. Vieira; Stefan Stolte; João M. M. Araújo; Luís Paulo N. Rebelo; Ana B. Pereiro; Marta Markiewicz. Acute Aquatic Toxicity and Biodegradability of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2019, 7, 3733 -3741.

AMA Style

Nicole S. M. Vieira, Stefan Stolte, João M. M. Araújo, Luís Paulo N. Rebelo, Ana B. Pereiro, Marta Markiewicz. Acute Aquatic Toxicity and Biodegradability of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 2019; 7 (4):3733-3741.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicole S. M. Vieira; Stefan Stolte; João M. M. Araújo; Luís Paulo N. Rebelo; Ana B. Pereiro; Marta Markiewicz. 2019. "Acute Aquatic Toxicity and Biodegradability of Fluorinated Ionic Liquids." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, no. 4: 3733-3741.

Journal article
Published: 25 October 2018 in Chemosphere
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The use of fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) as novel materials in biological and pharmaceutical applications is an emerging research field. The knowledge of their cytotoxicity and that of 1-octanol/water partition coefficients are essential to assess their environmental risks, to estimate their toxicity and activity, or the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance, as well as to explore their properties as solvents in extraction processes or for successful drug design. The study of the cytotoxicity in four different human cell lines and the experimental measurement of the partition coefficient between 1-octanol and water (Po/w), using the slow-stirring method, were carried out for several FILs. In both studies, the effect of the cation ([C2C1Im]+, [C2C1py]+, [C4C1pyr]+, [N1112(OH)]+, or [N4444]+), the cationic alkyl side-chain length ([CnC1Im]+, with n = 2, 6, 8 or 12), and the anionic fluorinated chain length/anionic fluorinated domain size ([C4F9SO3]¯, [C8F17SO3]¯, or [N(C4F9SO3)2]¯) were analysed. The results reveal that both toxicity and partition properties are mainly influenced by the size of the cationic hydrogenated alkyl side-chain and that of the anionic fluorinated domain. The intrinsic tuneability of the FILs allows for their selection according to the lipophilic or hydrophilic character of the target biological system under consideration. The toxicity studies corroborate the biocompatible nature of some FILs tested in this work. Along, for all the FILs under study Po/w < 1.00. Accordingly, a decadic logarithm of the bioconcentration factor in fish of 0.5 would be estimated, which is below the regulatory endpoint used by regulatory agencies.

ACS Style

Nicole S.M. Vieira; Joana Bastos; Luis Paulo Rebelo; Ana Matias; João M.M. Araújo; Ana B. Pereiro. Human cytotoxicity and octanol/water partition coefficients of fluorinated ionic liquids. Chemosphere 2018, 216, 576 -586.

AMA Style

Nicole S.M. Vieira, Joana Bastos, Luis Paulo Rebelo, Ana Matias, João M.M. Araújo, Ana B. Pereiro. Human cytotoxicity and octanol/water partition coefficients of fluorinated ionic liquids. Chemosphere. 2018; 216 ():576-586.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicole S.M. Vieira; Joana Bastos; Luis Paulo Rebelo; Ana Matias; João M.M. Araújo; Ana B. Pereiro. 2018. "Human cytotoxicity and octanol/water partition coefficients of fluorinated ionic liquids." Chemosphere 216, no. : 576-586.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in International Journal of Pharmaceutics
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Since the approval of recombinant human insulin by FDA in 1982, more than 200 proteins are currently available for pharmaceutical use to treat a wide range of diseases. However, innovation is still required to develop effective approaches for drug delivery. Our aim is to investigate the potential use of fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) as drug delivery systems (DDS) for therapeutic proteins. Some initial parameters need to be assessed before further studies can proceed. This work evaluates the impact of FILs on the stability, function, structure and aggregation state of lysozyme. Different techniques were used for this purpose, which included differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), spectrophotometric assays, circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM). Ionic liquids composed of cholinium-, imidazolium- or pyridinium- derivatives were combined with different anions and analysed at different concentrations in aqueous solutions (below and above the critical aggregation concentration, CAC). The results herein presented show that the addition of ionic liquids had no significant effect on the stability and hydrolytic activity of lysozyme. Moreover, a distinct behaviour was observed in DLS experiments for non-surfactant and surfactant ionic liquids, with the latter encapsulating the protein at concentrations above the CAC. These results encourage us to further study ionic liquids as promising tools for DDS of protein drugs.

ACS Style

Márcia Alves; Nicole S.M. Vieira; Luis Paulo Rebelo; João Mendes de Araújo; Ana B. Pereiro; Margarida Archer. Fluorinated ionic liquids for protein drug delivery systems: Investigating their impact on the structure and function of lysozyme. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 2017, 526, 309 -320.

AMA Style

Márcia Alves, Nicole S.M. Vieira, Luis Paulo Rebelo, João Mendes de Araújo, Ana B. Pereiro, Margarida Archer. Fluorinated ionic liquids for protein drug delivery systems: Investigating their impact on the structure and function of lysozyme. International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 2017; 526 (1-2):309-320.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Márcia Alves; Nicole S.M. Vieira; Luis Paulo Rebelo; João Mendes de Araújo; Ana B. Pereiro; Margarida Archer. 2017. "Fluorinated ionic liquids for protein drug delivery systems: Investigating their impact on the structure and function of lysozyme." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 526, no. 1-2: 309-320.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2016 in The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics
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This paper reports the thermal, thermodynamic, thermophysical and surface properties of eight ionic liquids with fluorinated alkyl side chain lengths equal or greater than four carbon atoms. Melting and decomposition temperatures were determined together with experimental densities, surface tensions, refractive indices, dynamic viscosities and ionic conductivities in a temperature interval ranging from (293.15 to 353.15) K. The surface properties of these fluorinated ionic liquids were discussed and several thermodynamic functions, as well as critical temperatures, were estimated. Coefficients of isobaric thermal expansion, molecular volumes and free volume effects were calculated from experimental values of density and refractive index and compared with previous data. Finally, Walden plots were used to evaluate the ionicity of the investigated ionic liquids.

ACS Style

N.S.M. Vieira; Andreia Luís; Patrícia Reis; P.J. Carvalho; José Lopes da Silva; José Esperança; João Mendes de Araújo; Luis Paulo Rebelo; M.G. Freire; A.B. Pereiro. Fluorination effects on the thermodynamic, thermophysical and surface properties of ionic liquids. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 2016, 97, 354 -361.

AMA Style

N.S.M. Vieira, Andreia Luís, Patrícia Reis, P.J. Carvalho, José Lopes da Silva, José Esperança, João Mendes de Araújo, Luis Paulo Rebelo, M.G. Freire, A.B. Pereiro. Fluorination effects on the thermodynamic, thermophysical and surface properties of ionic liquids. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. 2016; 97 ():354-361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N.S.M. Vieira; Andreia Luís; Patrícia Reis; P.J. Carvalho; José Lopes da Silva; José Esperança; João Mendes de Araújo; Luis Paulo Rebelo; M.G. Freire; A.B. Pereiro. 2016. "Fluorination effects on the thermodynamic, thermophysical and surface properties of ionic liquids." The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 97, no. : 354-361.

Journals
Published: 24 July 2015 in RSC Advances
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Novel fluorinated ionic liquids composed of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations and perfluoroalkylsulfonates or perfluoroalkylcarboxylates anions were investigated from thermodynamic, thermophysical and simulation perspectives.

ACS Style

N. S. M. Vieira; Patrícia Reis; Karina Shimizu; O. A. Cortes; Isabel Marrucho; João Mendes de Araújo; José Esperança; J. N. Canongia Lopes; Ana B. Pereiro; Luis Paulo Rebelo. A thermophysical and structural characterization of ionic liquids with alkyl and perfluoroalkyl side chains. RSC Advances 2015, 5, 65337 -65350.

AMA Style

N. S. M. Vieira, Patrícia Reis, Karina Shimizu, O. A. Cortes, Isabel Marrucho, João Mendes de Araújo, José Esperança, J. N. Canongia Lopes, Ana B. Pereiro, Luis Paulo Rebelo. A thermophysical and structural characterization of ionic liquids with alkyl and perfluoroalkyl side chains. RSC Advances. 2015; 5 (80):65337-65350.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. S. M. Vieira; Patrícia Reis; Karina Shimizu; O. A. Cortes; Isabel Marrucho; João Mendes de Araújo; José Esperança; J. N. Canongia Lopes; Ana B. Pereiro; Luis Paulo Rebelo. 2015. "A thermophysical and structural characterization of ionic liquids with alkyl and perfluoroalkyl side chains." RSC Advances 5, no. 80: 65337-65350.

Erratum
Published: 03 July 2015 in The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics
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ACS Style

F.S. Teixeira; N.S.M. Vieira; O.A. Cortes; João Mendes de Araújo; Isabel Marrucho; L.P.N. Rebelo; A.B. Pereiro. Corrigendum to “Phase equilibria and surfactant behavior of fluorinated ionic liquids with water” [J. Chem. Thermodyn. 82 (2015) 99–107]. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 2015, 90, 329 -330.

AMA Style

F.S. Teixeira, N.S.M. Vieira, O.A. Cortes, João Mendes de Araújo, Isabel Marrucho, L.P.N. Rebelo, A.B. Pereiro. Corrigendum to “Phase equilibria and surfactant behavior of fluorinated ionic liquids with water” [J. Chem. Thermodyn. 82 (2015) 99–107]. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. 2015; 90 ():329-330.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F.S. Teixeira; N.S.M. Vieira; O.A. Cortes; João Mendes de Araújo; Isabel Marrucho; L.P.N. Rebelo; A.B. Pereiro. 2015. "Corrigendum to “Phase equilibria and surfactant behavior of fluorinated ionic liquids with water” [J. Chem. Thermodyn. 82 (2015) 99–107]." The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 90, no. : 329-330.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2014 in The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics
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This work studies the phase equilibria and surfactant behavior of fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) containing fluorinated chains equal to four carbons with water. The knowledge about the phase behavior is crucial for the applications of these novel FILs with tuneable properties. The phase equilibria of the binary mixtures FILs with water were studied at atmospheric pressure in a temperature range from (298.15 to 353.15) K. In this study, FILs containing ammonium, pyrrolidinium and imidazolium cations and the perfluorobutanesulfonate anion were included. The Non-Random Two Liquid (NRTL) thermodynamic model was successfully applied to rationalize the phase behavior of the binary (water + FILs) mixtures. Furthermore, the critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of these FILs, which present cations and/or anions with surfactant properties were also performed at T = 298.15 K by measurements of the ionic conductivity. Finally, the Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) was used with aim to determinate the size of the aggregates of these FILs in water.

ACS Style

F.S. Teixeira; N.S.M. Vieira; O.A. Cortes; João Mendes de Araújo; Isabel Marrucho; L.P.N. Rebelo; A.B. Pereiro. Phase equilibria and surfactant behavior of fluorinated ionic liquids with water. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 2014, 82, 99 -107.

AMA Style

F.S. Teixeira, N.S.M. Vieira, O.A. Cortes, João Mendes de Araújo, Isabel Marrucho, L.P.N. Rebelo, A.B. Pereiro. Phase equilibria and surfactant behavior of fluorinated ionic liquids with water. The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics. 2014; 82 ():99-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F.S. Teixeira; N.S.M. Vieira; O.A. Cortes; João Mendes de Araújo; Isabel Marrucho; L.P.N. Rebelo; A.B. Pereiro. 2014. "Phase equilibria and surfactant behavior of fluorinated ionic liquids with water." The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 82, no. : 99-107.

Journals
Published: 01 January 2014 in RSC Advances
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Ionic liquids with cholinium-based active pharmaceutical ingredients (API-ILs) were preparedviaa simple and sustainable two-step anion exchange reaction. The resulting salts have improved upon the chemical, physical and biopharmaceutical properties of the parent APIs.

ACS Style

João Mendes de Araújo; Catarina Florindo; Ana B. Pereiro; Nicole S. M. Vieira; Ana Matias; Catarina Duarte; Luis Paulo Rebelo; Isabel Marrucho. Cholinium-based ionic liquids with pharmaceutically active anions. RSC Advances 2014, 4, 28126 -28132.

AMA Style

João Mendes de Araújo, Catarina Florindo, Ana B. Pereiro, Nicole S. M. Vieira, Ana Matias, Catarina Duarte, Luis Paulo Rebelo, Isabel Marrucho. Cholinium-based ionic liquids with pharmaceutically active anions. RSC Advances. 2014; 4 (53):28126-28132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

João Mendes de Araújo; Catarina Florindo; Ana B. Pereiro; Nicole S. M. Vieira; Ana Matias; Catarina Duarte; Luis Paulo Rebelo; Isabel Marrucho. 2014. "Cholinium-based ionic liquids with pharmaceutically active anions." RSC Advances 4, no. 53: 28126-28132.