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Curtis Fennell
Department of Exercise and Nutrition Science, University of Montevallo, Montevallo, AL 35115, USA

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physical activity
Sedentary behavior
Smartphone
Sleep
Exercise

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Journal article
Published: 22 July 2020 in Sustainability
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This study assessed the effects of COVID-19 home confinement on physical activity, sedentary behavior, smartphone use, and sleep patterns. Data was collected in a sample of 20 young adults (mean age ± SD: 22.6 ± 3.4 years; 55% males) over seven days pre- and during the COVID-19 lockdown. Objective and subjective physical activity (Accelerometer and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), respectively), the number of hours sitting (IPAQ), objectively-measured smartphone use (smartphone screen time applications), and objective and subjective sleep (accelerometer and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively) were assessed. Results revealed significantly greater walking time and mean steps (p < 0.001, d = 1.223 to 1.605), and moderate and vigorous physical activity (p < 0.05, d = 0.568 to 0.616), in the pre- compared with the during-COVID-19 lockdown phase. Additionally, smartphone use (p = 0.009, d = 0.654), sitting time (p = 0.002, d = 1.120), and total sleep (p < 0.004, d = 0.666) were significantly greater in the during- compared with the pre-COVID-19 lockdown phase. Multiple regressions analyses showed associations between physical activity and sedentary behavior and sleep quality. The number of hours sitting per day and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity significantly predicted deep sleep (adj.R2 = 0.46). In conclusion, this study revealed that during the COVID-19 outbreak, behaviors changed, with participants spending less time engaging in physical activity, sitting more, spending more time using the smartphone, and sleeping more hours. These findings may be of importance to make recommendations, including lifestyle modifications during this time.

ACS Style

Borja Sañudo; Curtis Fennell; Antonio Sánchez-Oliver. Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Smartphone Use, and Sleep Patterns Pre- and during-COVID-19 Quarantine in Young Adults from Spain. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5890 .

AMA Style

Borja Sañudo, Curtis Fennell, Antonio Sánchez-Oliver. Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Smartphone Use, and Sleep Patterns Pre- and during-COVID-19 Quarantine in Young Adults from Spain. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):5890.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Borja Sañudo; Curtis Fennell; Antonio Sánchez-Oliver. 2020. "Objectively-Assessed Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Smartphone Use, and Sleep Patterns Pre- and during-COVID-19 Quarantine in Young Adults from Spain." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 5890.

Journal article
Published: 17 May 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study assesses the associations of objectively-measured smartphone time with physical activity, sedentary behavior, mood, and sleep patterns among young adults by collecting real-time data of the smartphone screen-state. The sample consisted of 306 college-aged students (mean age ± SD: 20.7 ± 1.4 years; 60% males). Over seven days of time, the following variables were measured in the participants: objectively-measured smartphone use (Your Hour and Screen Time applications), objective and subjective physical activity (GoogleFit and Apple Health applications, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), respectively), the number of hours sitting (IPAQ), mood (The Profile of Mood State (POMS)), and sleep (The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)). Multiple regressions analyses showed that the number of hours sitting per day, physical activity, and the POMS Global Score significantly predicted smartphone use (adj.R2 = 0.15). Further, participants with low levels of physical activity were more likely to increase the use of smartphones (OR = 2.981). Moreover, mood state (β = 0.185; 95% CI = 0.05, 0.32) and sleep quality (β = 0.076; 95% CI = −0.06, 0.21) predicted smartphone use, with those reporting poor quality of sleep (PSQI index >5) being more likely to use the smartphone (OR = 2.679). In conclusion, there is an association between objectively-measured smartphone use and physical activity, sedentary behavior, mood, and sleep patterns. Those participants with low levels of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behavior, poor mood state, and poor sleep quality were more likely to spend more time using their smartphones.

ACS Style

Moisés Grimaldi-Puyana; José María Fernández-Batanero; Curtis Fennell; Borja Sañudo. Associations of Objectively-Assessed Smartphone Use with Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Mood, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 3499 .

AMA Style

Moisés Grimaldi-Puyana, José María Fernández-Batanero, Curtis Fennell, Borja Sañudo. Associations of Objectively-Assessed Smartphone Use with Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Mood, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (10):3499.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moisés Grimaldi-Puyana; José María Fernández-Batanero; Curtis Fennell; Borja Sañudo. 2020. "Associations of Objectively-Assessed Smartphone Use with Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Mood, and Sleep Quality in Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10: 3499.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2019 in American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine
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Purpose: To investigate the relationship between smartphone use, television viewing, and the “active couch potato” in sufficiently active adults. Methods: A sample of 328 sufficiently active adults aged 18 to 80 years (mean ± SD = 38 ± 15 years) completed surveys assessing smartphone use, television viewing, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Active couch potatoes were defined as individuals who met physical activity guidelines and engaged in 8 or more hours per day of sedentary behavior. Results: Mean smartphone use was 4.04 ± 3.74 hours per day. There were 128/328 (39%) participants coded as active couch potatoes. Active couch potato was significantly positively (Wald = 7.326, P = .007) associated with smartphone use. Being an active couch potato was not (Wald = 0.658, P = .417) associated with television viewing. Sedentary behavior and smartphone use were significantly greater ( t ≥ 3.55, P < .001) among active couch potatoes (11.35 ± 3.25 hours sitting per day, 4.95 ± 4.5 hours smartphone use per day) than sufficiently active, nonsedentary individuals (5.06 ± 1.64 hours sitting per day, 3.45 ± 3.04 hours smartphone use per day). Conclusion: In sufficiently active adults, smartphone use predicted being an active couch potato and television viewing did not.

ACS Style

Curtis Fennell; Andrew Lepp; Jacob Barkley. Smartphone Use Predicts Being an “Active Couch Potato” in Sufficiently Active Adults. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine 2019, 1 .

AMA Style

Curtis Fennell, Andrew Lepp, Jacob Barkley. Smartphone Use Predicts Being an “Active Couch Potato” in Sufficiently Active Adults. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine. 2019; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Curtis Fennell; Andrew Lepp; Jacob Barkley. 2019. "Smartphone Use Predicts Being an “Active Couch Potato” in Sufficiently Active Adults." American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 25 August 2018 in Computers in Human Behavior
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To assess situational cell phone use (i.e., sitting, standing, or physically active) and the relationship between cell phone use, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in adults 18–80 years old. An on-line survey was completed by adults (N = 423; n = 256 females, 40 ± 16 years old) which assessed situational and total cell phone use, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Mean cell phone use was 239 ± 224 min/day and 81% of respondents reported typically sitting when using the device. Linear regression found cell use was positively associated with sedentary behavior and the physical activity by sedentary behavior interaction term (i.e., assessment of the “active couch potato” phenomenon), negatively associated with age, and not related to physical activity or sex. ANCOVA revealed that high cell users participated in significantly more sedentary time (521 ± 23 min/d sitting) than low users (442 ± 17 min/d sitting) with no differences between high and moderate users (471 ± 21 min/d sitting) or between low and moderate users. Cell phone use was positively associated with sedentary behavior and the physical activity by sedentary behavior interaction term but not physical activity. Implications are discussed in the context of behavioral economics.

ACS Style

Curtis Fennell; Jacob E. Barkley; Andrew Lepp. The relationship between cell phone use, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in adults aged 18–80. Computers in Human Behavior 2018, 90, 53 -59.

AMA Style

Curtis Fennell, Jacob E. Barkley, Andrew Lepp. The relationship between cell phone use, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in adults aged 18–80. Computers in Human Behavior. 2018; 90 ():53-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Curtis Fennell; Jacob E. Barkley; Andrew Lepp. 2018. "The relationship between cell phone use, physical activity, and sedentary behavior in adults aged 18–80." Computers in Human Behavior 90, no. : 53-59.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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ACS Style

Curtis Fennell; Jacob E. Barkley; Andrew Lepp. The Relationship between Cell Phone Use, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior in Adults Aged 18-80. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2018, 50, 715 -716.

AMA Style

Curtis Fennell, Jacob E. Barkley, Andrew Lepp. The Relationship between Cell Phone Use, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior in Adults Aged 18-80. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2018; 50 (5S):715-716.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Curtis Fennell; Jacob E. Barkley; Andrew Lepp. 2018. "The Relationship between Cell Phone Use, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior in Adults Aged 18-80." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 5S: 715-716.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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ACS Style

Andrew Newton; Ellen Glickman; Curtis Fennell; Jacob E. Barkley. The Validity Of A Commercially-available, Low-cost Accelerometer In A Free-living Setting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2018, 50, 675 .

AMA Style

Andrew Newton, Ellen Glickman, Curtis Fennell, Jacob E. Barkley. The Validity Of A Commercially-available, Low-cost Accelerometer In A Free-living Setting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2018; 50 (5S):675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew Newton; Ellen Glickman; Curtis Fennell; Jacob E. Barkley. 2018. "The Validity Of A Commercially-available, Low-cost Accelerometer In A Free-living Setting." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 5S: 675.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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ACS Style

Andrew Lepp; Jacob E. Barkley; Curtis Fennell. Adults’ Smartphone Use Predicts Being an Active Couch Potato. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2018, 50, 756 -757.

AMA Style

Andrew Lepp, Jacob E. Barkley, Curtis Fennell. Adults’ Smartphone Use Predicts Being an Active Couch Potato. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2018; 50 (5S):756-757.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew Lepp; Jacob E. Barkley; Curtis Fennell. 2018. "Adults’ Smartphone Use Predicts Being an Active Couch Potato." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 50, no. 5S: 756-757.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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ACS Style

Curtis Fennell; Ellen L. Glickman; Andrew Lepp; J. Derek Kingsley; Jacob E. Barkley. The Relationship between Cell Phone Use, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior In Adults above College-age. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2017, 49, 561 .

AMA Style

Curtis Fennell, Ellen L. Glickman, Andrew Lepp, J. Derek Kingsley, Jacob E. Barkley. The Relationship between Cell Phone Use, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior In Adults above College-age. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2017; 49 (5S):561.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Curtis Fennell; Ellen L. Glickman; Andrew Lepp; J. Derek Kingsley; Jacob E. Barkley. 2017. "The Relationship between Cell Phone Use, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior In Adults above College-age." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S: 561.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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ACS Style

Andrew Newton; Ellen Glickman; Curtis Fennell; John Gunstad; Jacob Barkley. The Validity Of A Novel, Low-cost, Wearable Physical Activity Monitor In A Laboratory Setting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2017, 49, 765 .

AMA Style

Andrew Newton, Ellen Glickman, Curtis Fennell, John Gunstad, Jacob Barkley. The Validity Of A Novel, Low-cost, Wearable Physical Activity Monitor In A Laboratory Setting. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2017; 49 (5S):765.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrew Newton; Ellen Glickman; Curtis Fennell; John Gunstad; Jacob Barkley. 2017. "The Validity Of A Novel, Low-cost, Wearable Physical Activity Monitor In A Laboratory Setting." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 49, no. 5S: 765.

Journal article
Published: 27 January 2017 in Journal of Physical Activity Research
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The purpose of this investigation was to assess effectiveness of a 16-week worksite exercise intervention on subjective and objective measures of physical activity, sedentary behavior, and changes in fitness-related variables in employees at a major university. Employees enrolled in either a 16-week, 3d/week exercise Intervention (N= 47, n = 38 females), or a Control group (N = 15, n = 11 females). Groups wore a validated physical activity monitor which provided visual feedback regarding physical activity behavior. Participants completed surveys assessing subjective physical activity and sedentary behavior, and completed fitness testing at weeks 1, 8, and 16. Data were analyzed by group across the three time points using an ANOVA while Pearson’s Correlations assessed change scores pre to post. Both groups met recommended physical activity guidelines, significantly increased cardiorespiratory fitness (p = 0.01) and abdominal curl-up repetitions (p p = 0.003) in sedentary behavior and a significant increase in push-up repetitions (p ≤ 0.02 for all time points). Changes in sedentary behavior were negatively associated with changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (r = - 0.3, p = 0.04). In conclusion, the worksite exercise program and regular fitness testing improved health behavior for all participants, but greater improvements were achieved in the exercise program group

ACS Style

C. Fennell; J.E. Barkley; J.D. Kingsley; H.D. Gerhart; E.L. Glickman. Effects of a 16-week Worksite Exercise Program on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Fitness Variables. Journal of Physical Activity Research 2017, 2, 85 -94.

AMA Style

C. Fennell, J.E. Barkley, J.D. Kingsley, H.D. Gerhart, E.L. Glickman. Effects of a 16-week Worksite Exercise Program on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Fitness Variables. Journal of Physical Activity Research. 2017; 2 (2):85-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Fennell; J.E. Barkley; J.D. Kingsley; H.D. Gerhart; E.L. Glickman. 2017. "Effects of a 16-week Worksite Exercise Program on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Fitness Variables." Journal of Physical Activity Research 2, no. 2: 85-94.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2016 in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
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ACS Style

Curtis Fennell; Mallory Kobak; Ellen L. Glickman; Jacob Barkley. Validation Of A Low-cost Commercially-available Accelerometer During Low And High Physical Activity Conditions In Children. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2016, 48, 777 .

AMA Style

Curtis Fennell, Mallory Kobak, Ellen L. Glickman, Jacob Barkley. Validation Of A Low-cost Commercially-available Accelerometer During Low And High Physical Activity Conditions In Children. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2016; 48 ():777.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Curtis Fennell; Mallory Kobak; Ellen L. Glickman; Jacob Barkley. 2016. "Validation Of A Low-cost Commercially-available Accelerometer During Low And High Physical Activity Conditions In Children." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 48, no. : 777.