Climate change is one of the trending terms in the world nowadays due to its profound impact on human health and activity. Extreme drought events and desertification are some of the results of climate change. This study utilized the power of AI tools by using the long short-term memory (LSTM) model to predict the drought index for Anbar Province, Iraq. The data from the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) for 118 years have been used for the current study. The proposed model employed seven different optimizers to enhance the prediction performance. Based on different performance indicators, the results show that the RMSprop and Adamax optimizers achieved the highest accuracy (90.93% and 90.61%, respectively). Additionally, the models forecasted the next 40 years of the SPEI for the study area, where all the models showed an upward trend in the SPEI. In contrast, the best models expected no increase in the severity of drought. This research highlights the vital role of machine learning models and remote sensing in drought forecasting and the significance of these applications by providing accurate climate data for better water resources management, especially in arid regions like that of Anbar province.

Iraq has a lack of water resources due to climate change. Historical data analysis found that the region is undergoing climate change to a greater extent than i

Groundwater is a better long-term water supply option when the weather is dry. An evaluation, development and suitable usage of it should be given more attentio

A spillway dam, constructed concurrently with concrete or masonry, is a vital infrastructure designed to provide the controlled release of surplus water that surpasses the dam's storage capacity. Since the Ogee spillway is among the best and most well-known worldwide, it deserves study. Weir flow, inertia, and gravity are crucial in many open-channel applications. Consequently, hydraulic performance data between model and prototype structures are commonly scaled using Froude similitude. As the upstream head decreases in a weir flow, the surface tension and viscosity forces become more important, perhaps to the point where Froude scaling fails to achieve complete model-prototype similarity. Size-scale effects are responsible for various alterations to the head-discharge connection, the nappe trajectory, and air entrainment. Hydraulic parameters were explored in this work utilizing Flow3D software to find weir geometry optimization using the CFD method. In addition, this study attempted to evaluate flow on various parts of crested weirs in three different models

Groundwater is a better long-term water supply option when the weather is dry. An evaluation, development and suitable usage of it should be given more attentio