Grid operators face challenges with the increasing integration of wind energy into electric grids, necessitating uninterrupted wind power generation during outages to maintain system stability. Due to voltage dips there is a significantly impact on grid-connected doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs). Hence, integrating DFIG with grid battery storage system (GBSS) is to provide essential active and reactive power support at the point common coupling (PCC), aligning requirement of low voltage ride through (LVRT), and other services to the electric grid. The article proposes and experimentally validates a coordinated control scheme between the grid side converter (GSC) of the DFIG and the GBSS. In this dynamic adjustment of power set points within the outer control loop responds to voltage and frequency changes at the PCC. The control scheme facilitates multiple services to grid by seamless plug-and-play functionality between DFIG and GBSS converters. The proposed method, utilizing GBSS, achieves significant voltage improvement and enhanced reactive power injection, while effectively managing stator voltage, rotor-side converter current, and dc link voltage oscillations. The study incorporates hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing using real-time digital simulator (RTDS) with hardware setup of 2.5 kW dc motor emulating a wind turbine interconnected via power amplifier (PA). Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed coordinated control scheme indicating its potential significance in grid conditions by withstanding voltage dips and load variations.

Today’s power system is transforming into an increasingly complex entity, consisting of numerous components, such as transmission lines, controllable loads, and especially different types of distributed renewable energy sources (DERs). With the growing integration of DERs into the grid, multiple operational challenges arise, including overvoltage, undervoltage, or increased energy losses. Resolving these issues demands the implementation of both advanced and effective control strategies. As the dynamic power system evolves by incorporating new technologies, these control strategies need to consider other different technical aspects, such as communication protocols or real-time considerations. Additionally, the rise of smart metering devices has transformed conventional power systems into cyber-physical power systems (CPPS), which can integrate the advanced control strategies into the cyber layer. Given the operating challenges and the integration of diverse technologies, it is proposed that a CPPS testbed platform constitutes an ideal solution for developing and validating technologies in future smart grids. For this purpose, this paper introduces a co-simulation framework for implementing a CPPS testbed, utilising the real-time simulator, Typhoon HIL, within a laboratory environment. Additionally, it presents a proposed optimal power flow (OPF) control strategy that emphasises two key objectives, minimisation of operating costs and power network loss. The investigation is illustrated by a modified version of IEEE 39-bus test system with the high integration of DERs. The findings indicate that adopting a CPPS testbed can be advantageous for implementing real-time research on monitoring and control in a wide area network.

This article underscores the critical necessity of practical validation through a meticulous combination of simulation and hardware experimentation. Integrating a field-programmable gate array controller with the real-time digital simulator enables robust validation via controller hardware-in-loop (CHIL) testing. This novel platform provides valuable insights into the improved performance and resilience of inverter based resources connected in the microgrid. Testing conducted with a 2.5 kW doubly fed induction generator wind turbine and a 2 kW lithium-ion battery emphasizes the importance of integrating a grid-forming controlled battery converter to maintain stable, grid-independent wind turbine operation. Unlike conventional hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) setups, this platform is further enhanced by incorporating physical power hardware elements to assess system resilience under realistic load variations and fault conditions. Key contributions include an advanced synchronization control strategy, combining modified phase-locked loop technique with PI-based pre-synchronization to achieve stable voltage and frequency control in grid-independent operation. This integration enables sustained standalone operation and enhances fault resilience at load connection points. The combined FPGA-RTDS platform effectively bridges theoretical models and real-world hardware, providing a reliable means of validating hardware simulations and control algorithms. Ultimately, the proposed integrated CHIL platform provides a comprehensive assessment framework, crucial for verifying microgrid reliability and resilience prior to real-world deployment.