Blockchain, emerging technology, has immense potential to transform supply chain activities. Though blockchain offers more benefits, industries face many challenges in blockchain adoption. This paper aims to develop a framework to identify and evaluate various challenges in adopting blockchain in supply chain management. First, 40 prominent challenges to blockchain adoption were identified using the fuzzy Delphi technique. The challenges were then assessed using an integrated methodology that included the grey-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and the weighted aggregated sum product assessment (WASPAS) method. Case studies of five leather garment manufacturing companies were conducted to test this integrated strategy. To ensure the proposed framework's robustness and viability, a sensitivity analysis was performed. Results indicate lack of knowledge about blockchain technology, non-existence of universal regulatory binding, new organisational policies, reputation-based attack, and vulnerable to cyber-attack as the top five challenges faced by the leather garment manufacturing companies. This study imparts the knowledge, significance and challenges in adopting blockchain technology in supply chain management. The outcome of this study provides structural assistance to the managers by exposing the causeand-effect group challenges in blockchain adoption. By understanding the cause and effect relationship among the challenges, industrial practitioners may devise adequate strategies.

COVID-19 has had a major impact on health, economic, social, and industrial activities. It has disrupted supply chain management and affected the movement of essential supplies to a large extent. This study aims to identify and evaluate the challenges hampering sustainable humanitarian supply chain management (SHSCM). Twenty critical challenges to SHSCM are identified using a comprehensive literature review, and three strategies were developed. The challenges and strategies were verified using expert input. The challenges were evaluated using the neutrosophic analytic hierarchical process (AHP) method. The neutrosophic TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese for interactive multicriteria decision making) method was then used to select the best strategy. The findings reveal that facility location problems, short lead times for emergency supplies, spread of rumors, rapid emergence of new clusters, and doubt concerning the available remedy are five critical challenges in SHSCM during COVID-19. Public–private partnerships are identified as the best strategy in SHSCM. Finally, this paper discusses the implications to sustainable development goals in the post-COVID-19 pandemic era.