Land use and land cover change (LUCC) and water resource utilization behavior and policy (WRUBAP) affect the hydrological cycle in different ways. Their effects on streamflow and hydrological balance components were analyzed in the Yiluo River Basin using the delta method and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The multivariable (runoff and actual evapotranspiration) calibration and validation method was used to reduce model uncertainty. LUCC impact on hydrological balance components (1976–2015) was evaluated through comparison of simulated paired land use scenarios. WRUBAP impact on runoff was assessed by comparing natural (simulated) and observed runoff. It showed that urban area reduction led to decreased groundwater, but increased surface runoff and increased water area led to increased evaporation. LUCC impact on annual runoff was found limited; for instance, the difference under the paired scenarios was <1 mm. Observed runoff was 34.7–144.1% greater than natural runoff during November–June because of WRUBAP. The effect of WRUBAP on wet season runoff regulation was limited before the completion of the Guxian Reservoir, whereas WRUBAP caused a reduction in natural runoff of 21.6–35.0% during the wet season (July–October) after its completion. The results suggest that WRUBAP has greater influence than LUCC on runoff in the Yiluo River Basin. Based on existing drought mitigation measures, interbasin water transfer measures and deep groundwater exploitation could reduce the potential for drought attributable to predicted future climate extremes. In addition to reservoir regulation, conversion of farmland to forestry in the upstream watershed could also reduce flood risk.

Polysulfone based solvent resistant nanofiltration membranes with internal cross-linking networks are designed and fabricated. The internal cross-linking networks are constructed by reacting imidazole with chloromethylated polysulfone (CMPSF). The cross-linking networks can dramatically improve the solvent stability of the polysulfone membranes and the performance of the membrane is tuned via changing the polymer concentration from 20 wt% to 28 wt%. The weight of the cross-linked membranes has barely changed even after immersing them in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) for more than 96 h, exhibiting superior stability in apolar solvents. The separation performance of the cross-linked PSF membranes is investigated via filtration experiments, where three dyes, crystal violet (CV), bromothymol blue (BTB) and rose bengale (RB) with different MW and different charge properties are selected as solutes. It is found that with increasing polymer concentration, an increased rejection and a decreased flux are observed. The prepared cross-linked membranes showed good selectivity on dyes with different molecular weights in different solvents (yielding more than 99% retention for RB in apolar DMAc) coupled with remarkable stability, exhibiting very good prospects in SRNF application.

To understand the intricate runoff-sediment relationship in the middle Yellow River basin (MYRB), the Toudaoguai, Longmen, Tongguan and Huayuankou sites in the MYRB were selected to analyze the deterministic equilibrium and uncertainty relations of runoff-sediment based on 55-year hydrological data at multi-time scales. The Johansen test and wavelet neural network were used to verify the cointegration relationship among hydrological series. Runoff-sediment uncertain statistical relations and dynamics in the MYRB were also analyzed based on rating curves and hysteresis loops. The results showed that the logarithmic sequences of sediment load (SL), runoff and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) conformed to a linear cointegration relationship at the Toudaoguai station or in spring, winter or under small flow at other stations, but a nonlinear cointegration relationship was observed in other cases at other stations. Regarding runoff-sediment uncertain relationships, the rating curves, and hysteresis loops differed in stations (Toudaoguai and the other stations), as well as discharge (threshold: 1000 m³/s), season (ice-flood and rainy season) and saturation of flow at flood and monthly scales. At the annual scale, phased and unsynchronized characteristics of runoff and sediment load were evident with a decreasing trend. This study on the runoff-sediment relationship can rationally provide a theoretical basis for the management and development of the Yellow River and other similar rivers with sufficient sediment, especially for areas with serious soil erosion.

In the published article [1], the authors noticed some errors in Equation (1), and wish to make the following correction to their paper [1]: Equation (1) should be corrected to $S{W}_t=S{W}_0+{{\displaystyle \sum }}_{i=1}^t\left(R_{day}-Q_{surf}-ET-W_{seep}-Q_{gw}\right)$