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Fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) is a potential alternative to recover and reuse water and nutrients from agricultural wastewater, such as palm oil mill effluent that consists of 95% water and is rich in nutrients. This study investigated the potential of commercial fertilizers as draw solution (DS) in FDFO to treat anaerobic palm oil mill effluent (An-POME). The process parameters affecting FO were studied and optimized, which were then applied to fertilizer selection based on FO performance and fouling propensity. Six commonly used fertilizers were screened and assessed in terms of pure water flux (Jw) and reverse salt flux (JS). Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), mono-ammonium phosphate (MAP), and potassium chloride (KCl) were further evaluated with An-POME. MAP showed the best performance against An-POME, with a high average water flux, low flux decline, the highest performance ratio (PR), and highest water recovery of 5.9% for a 4-h operation. In a 24-h fouling run, the average flux decline and water recovered were 84% and 15%, respectively. Both hydraulic flushing and osmotic backwashing cleaning were able to effectively restore the water flux. The results demonstrated that FDFO using commercial fertilizers has the potential for the treatment of An-POME for water recovery. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to address challenges such as JS and the dilution factor of DS for direct use of fertigation.
Ruwaida Abdul Wahid; Wei Ang; Abdul Mohammad; Daniel Johnson; Nidal Hilal. Evaluating Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis Performance in Treating Anaerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent. Membranes 2021, 11, 566 .
AMA StyleRuwaida Abdul Wahid, Wei Ang, Abdul Mohammad, Daniel Johnson, Nidal Hilal. Evaluating Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis Performance in Treating Anaerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent. Membranes. 2021; 11 (8):566.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuwaida Abdul Wahid; Wei Ang; Abdul Mohammad; Daniel Johnson; Nidal Hilal. 2021. "Evaluating Fertilizer-Drawn Forward Osmosis Performance in Treating Anaerobic Palm Oil Mill Effluent." Membranes 11, no. 8: 566.
The present research aims to study the long-term impacts of soil extractable carbohydrate content from the conversion of forest to paddy field, using three environmentally friendly methods: ultrasound assist (37 Hz/30 min), hot water (80 °C/4 h), and cold water (25 °C/30 min). Soil samples collected at the depth of 0–15 cm from natural forest, rice paddy, and border area were extracted by distilled water at the ratio 1:10 (soil: water). Contents of soil organic carbon (SOC) and extracted carbohydrate (ECH) in the natural forest and rice paddy were similar, and higher than in border area by 50%. Results showed the highest content of ECH was extracted using hot water (304–691 mg.Carbohydrate/kg soil, 4% of SOC), followed by ultrasound (102–305 mg.Carbohydrate/kg soil, 1.7% of SOC), and the lowest amount addressed to cold-water extraction (65–252 mg.Carbohydrate/kg soil, 1.2% of SOC). The ECH/SOC ratios in three soil types were the same and ranged from 0.9% to 4.2%. We conclude the long-term conversion of forest to rice paddy maintain both SOC and ECH, furthermore, hot water extraction at 80 °C/4 h is the optimum method for extraction of carbohydrate using non-chemical solvents.
Nguyen-Sy Toan; Xuefei Tan; Nguyen Thi Dong Phuong; Nurul Syahirah Mat Aron; Kit Wayne Chew; Kuan Shiong Khoo; Tran Thi Ngoc Thu; Duong Thi Lim; Pham Duy Dong; Wei Lun Ang; Pau Loke Show. Advanced green bioprocess of soil carbohydrate extraction from long-term conversion of forest soil to paddy field. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 106021 .
AMA StyleNguyen-Sy Toan, Xuefei Tan, Nguyen Thi Dong Phuong, Nurul Syahirah Mat Aron, Kit Wayne Chew, Kuan Shiong Khoo, Tran Thi Ngoc Thu, Duong Thi Lim, Pham Duy Dong, Wei Lun Ang, Pau Loke Show. Advanced green bioprocess of soil carbohydrate extraction from long-term conversion of forest soil to paddy field. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (5):106021.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen-Sy Toan; Xuefei Tan; Nguyen Thi Dong Phuong; Nurul Syahirah Mat Aron; Kit Wayne Chew; Kuan Shiong Khoo; Tran Thi Ngoc Thu; Duong Thi Lim; Pham Duy Dong; Wei Lun Ang; Pau Loke Show. 2021. "Advanced green bioprocess of soil carbohydrate extraction from long-term conversion of forest soil to paddy field." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 5: 106021.
The hydrophobic property of polymeric membrane is one of the major issues in water treatment application as it leads to a lower membrane efficiency and performance during separation process. Hence, a mixed-matrix membrane (MMM) that incorporates polymeric substance, natural additive and nanomaterial could be adopted to resolve this issue. This study portrays the preparation of a hydrophilic graphene oxide-based MMM by employing polysulfone (PSf) polymer, graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterial and eco-friendly natural additive gum Arabic (GA). The membranes were prepared via phase inversion by varying the concentration of GO (0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 wt%) at constant amount of GA and PSf at 1.5 wt % and 18 wt %, respectively. These fabricated membranes underwent several characterization tests in terms of surface hydrophilicity, pore size, porosity measurement and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The characterization analysis indicated that MMM fabricated with 0.6 wt% of GO possessed highest porosity, largest mean pore size, and improved hydrophilicity due to the presence of oxygen containing functional groups associated with GO and GA. This contributed to the highest water flux result at an average of 63.55 L/m2.h at 4 bar operating pressure. At the same time, it also exhibited a considerably good rejection property and stronger antifouling property with humic acid rejection rate of 95% and flux recovery ratio of 88%, respectively. The finding showed that the incorporation of GO and GA could attain synergy benefits in improving the membrane properties and performance.
P.V. Chai; P.Y. Choy; W.C. Teoh; E. Mahmoudi; W.L. Ang. Graphene oxide based mixed matrix membrane in the presence of eco-friendly natural additive gum Arabic. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 105638 .
AMA StyleP.V. Chai, P.Y. Choy, W.C. Teoh, E. Mahmoudi, W.L. Ang. Graphene oxide based mixed matrix membrane in the presence of eco-friendly natural additive gum Arabic. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (4):105638.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP.V. Chai; P.Y. Choy; W.C. Teoh; E. Mahmoudi; W.L. Ang. 2021. "Graphene oxide based mixed matrix membrane in the presence of eco-friendly natural additive gum Arabic." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 4: 105638.
Acceleration in global industrialisation has led to increasing release of various emerging, highly toxic refractory organic pollutants in water bodies. These contaminants have been very concerning due to their detrimental impacts on human beings as well as aquatic life even at low concentrations. Conventional wastewater treatment technology has proven to be ineffective in eliminating these pollutants, hence creating substantial attention for a more advanced Electro-Fenton (EF) technology. A systematic bibliometric analysis has been carried out based on Scopus database to comprehend the extensive research development of EF technology for the past 2 decades (2000–2019). Several aspects were analysed, namely general growth trend, journal, country, institutional, authorship and keywords analysis. VOSViewer was utilised to present a clear collaboration between authors, countries and co-occurrences between research keywords. Exponentially high publication growth was observed during the recent decade (2010–2019) highlighting the main EF research areas such as electrode and catalyst synthesis, application, mathematical modelling, technology integration and process comparison. Energy consumption analysis reveals the substantial impact of various EF operational and design parameters on the energy consumed by EF system, which then significantly define its economic viability. Future research prospects are suggested to encourage continuous development of technical, environmental and economically feasible EF system.
Saiyidah Anisah Ismail; Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad. Electro-Fenton technology for wastewater treatment: A bibliometric analysis of current research trends, future perspectives and energy consumption analysis. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2021, 40, 101952 .
AMA StyleSaiyidah Anisah Ismail, Wei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad. Electro-Fenton technology for wastewater treatment: A bibliometric analysis of current research trends, future perspectives and energy consumption analysis. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2021; 40 ():101952.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaiyidah Anisah Ismail; Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad. 2021. "Electro-Fenton technology for wastewater treatment: A bibliometric analysis of current research trends, future perspectives and energy consumption analysis." Journal of Water Process Engineering 40, no. : 101952.
In the present work, palm kernel shell (PKS) biomass waste has been used as a low-cost and easily available precursor to prepare carbon dots (CDs) via microwave irradiation method. The impacts of the reacting medium: water and diethylene glycol (DEG), and irradiation period, as well as the presence of chitosan on the CDs properties, have been investigated. The synthesized CDs were characterized by several physical and optical analyses. The performance of the CDs in terms of bacteria cell imaging and copper (II) ions sensing and removal were also explored. All the CDs possessed a size of 6–7 nm in diameter and the presence of hydroxyl and alkene functional groups indicated the successful transformation of PKS into CDs with carbon core consisting of C = C elementary unit. The highest quantum yield (44.0%) obtained was from the CDs synthesised with DEG as the reacting medium at irradiation period of 1 min. It was postulated that the high boiling point of DEG resulted in a complete carbonisation of PKS into CDs. Subsequently, the absorbance intensity and photoluminescence intensity were also much higher compared to other precursor formulation. All the CDs fluoresced in the bacteria culture, and fluorescence quenching occurred in the presence of heavy metal ions. These showed the potential of CDs synthesised from PKS could be used for cellular imaging and detection as well as removal of heavy metal ions.
Wei Lun Ang; Cheldclos A. L. Boon Mee; Nonni Soraya Sambudi; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Choe Peng Leo; Ebrahim Mahmoudi; Muneer Ba-Abbad; Abdelbaki Benamor. Microwave-assisted conversion of palm kernel shell biomass waste to photoluminescent carbon dots. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -15.
AMA StyleWei Lun Ang, Cheldclos A. L. Boon Mee, Nonni Soraya Sambudi, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Choe Peng Leo, Ebrahim Mahmoudi, Muneer Ba-Abbad, Abdelbaki Benamor. Microwave-assisted conversion of palm kernel shell biomass waste to photoluminescent carbon dots. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Lun Ang; Cheldclos A. L. Boon Mee; Nonni Soraya Sambudi; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Choe Peng Leo; Ebrahim Mahmoudi; Muneer Ba-Abbad; Abdelbaki Benamor. 2020. "Microwave-assisted conversion of palm kernel shell biomass waste to photoluminescent carbon dots." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-15.
Natural coagulants have shown its coagulation efficiency as reported in a substantial number of research articles. However, the acceptance and widespread application of natural coagulants in water industry is still low. It is necessary to conduct a review to boost the potential of using natural coagulants by highlighting the current development and the efforts for improving the capability of natural coagulants, including showing the compatibility of natural coagulants with other treatment technologies in integrated/hybrid treatment process; the modification of natural coagulants for marked improvement in coagulation performance efficiency; the possibility of hybridizing natural coagulants with other types of coagulants; the improvement of extraction and purification approaches for high purity of natural coagulants; and the synthesis of multifunctional natural coagulants. Though the current progress of natural coagulants is quite encouraging, perspectives from sustainability assessment showed that the acceptance and commercialization of natural coagulants are hindered by two main challenges: practicality and feasibility of real field application and sustainability of using natural coagulants overlooking technical, environmental, economic, and social aspects. Future research focusing on these issues may help to clarify the uncertainties shrouded on natural coagulants and at the same time shifting the water industry to be more sustainable.
Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad. State of the art and sustainability of natural coagulants in water and wastewater treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 262, 121267 .
AMA StyleWei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad. State of the art and sustainability of natural coagulants in water and wastewater treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 262 ():121267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad. 2020. "State of the art and sustainability of natural coagulants in water and wastewater treatment." Journal of Cleaner Production 262, no. : 121267.
Study of forward osmosis (FO) has been increasing steadily over recent years with applications mainly focusing on desalination and wastewater treatment processes. The working mechanism of FO lies in the natural movement of water between two streams with different osmotic pressure, which makes it useful in concentrating or diluting solutions. FO has rarely been operated as a stand-alone process. Instead, FO processes often appear in a hybrid or integrated form where FO is combined with other treatment technologies to achieve better overall process performance and cost savings. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review on the need for hybridization/integration for FO membrane processes, with emphasis given to process enhancement, draw solution regeneration, and pretreatment for FO fouling mitigation. In general, integrated/hybrid FO processes can reduce the membrane fouling propensity; prepare the solution suitable for subsequent value-added uses and production of renewable energy; lower the costs associated with energy consumption; enhance the quality of treated water; and enable the continuous operation of FO through the regeneration of draw solution. The future potential of FO lies in the success of how it can be hybridized or integrated with other technologies to minimize its own shortcomings, while enhancing the overall performance.
Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Daniel Johnson; Nidal Hilal. Unlocking the application potential of forward osmosis through integrated/hybrid process. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 706, 136047 .
AMA StyleWei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Daniel Johnson, Nidal Hilal. Unlocking the application potential of forward osmosis through integrated/hybrid process. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 706 ():136047.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Daniel Johnson; Nidal Hilal. 2019. "Unlocking the application potential of forward osmosis through integrated/hybrid process." Science of The Total Environment 706, no. : 136047.
The interaction between ballasted agent and flocs formed from coagulation/flocculation process is not well understood. This study sought to understand the interaction between ballasted agent and flocs by investigating the impact of ballasted agent on the flocs formation and subsequently the removal of suspended solids in water. Ballasted flocculation was conducted using jar tests where the dosage of flocculant and sand was varied at 1–4 mg/L and 2–8 g/L, respectively. The turbidity removal peaked (90%) at 2 mg/L of flocculant and 1 g/L of sand. It was observed that excessive dosing of sand resulted in the formation of premature flocs that settled quickly before having the chance to remove more suspended solids via sweep coagulation. This revealed that the ballasted agent would affect the coagulation-flocculation process and subsequently the removal of suspended solids. This study indicates that future research on the impact of the ballasted agent on different coagulation-flocculation mechanism should be explored to ensure the suspended solids could be removed with short settling time and without compromising the quality of treated water.
Nurul Syahidah Zafisah; Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Nidal Hilal; Daniel J. Johnson. Interaction between ballasting agent and flocs in ballasted flocculation for the removal of suspended solids in water. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2019, 33, 101028 .
AMA StyleNurul Syahidah Zafisah, Wei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Nidal Hilal, Daniel J. Johnson. Interaction between ballasting agent and flocs in ballasted flocculation for the removal of suspended solids in water. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2019; 33 ():101028.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNurul Syahidah Zafisah; Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Nidal Hilal; Daniel J. Johnson. 2019. "Interaction between ballasting agent and flocs in ballasted flocculation for the removal of suspended solids in water." Journal of Water Process Engineering 33, no. : 101028.
This study investigated the effect of temperature (40, 50, and 60 °C) and sample mass (100, 200, and 300 g) on the drying characteristics and product quality of Roselle calyx using heat pump dryer. It was observed that higher drying temperature and lower sample mass led to a shorter drying time (faster drying rate). Higher temperature supplied more heat to the Roselle sample, which increased the activity of water molecules and moisture diffusion. This can be seen where the effective moisture diffusivity increased from 7.87 × 10−10 to 2.05 × 10−9 m2/s when air temperature of heat pump dryer was increased from 40 ᵒC to 60 ᵒC. The drying rates for all samples shared the same drying pattern: warming-up period where the drying rate started to increase due to the breakdown of the waxy layer on Roselle and falling rate period where it decreased gradually as the drying progressed. The Roselle sample dried with heat pump dryer at 40 ᵒC (100 g) possessed the least degradation of quality, maintaining 86.8%, 63.2%, 98%, and 63.3% for color, catechin, protocatechuic acid, and vitamin C, respectively. Overall, heat pump dryer outperformed the sun drying method by recording a much shorter drying period without compromising the product quality.
Norhaida Hanum Ahmad Tajudin; Siti Masrinda Tasirin; Wei Lun Ang; Masli Rosli; Law Chung Lim. Comparison of drying kinetics and product quality from convective heat pump and solar drying of Roselle calyx. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2019, 118, 40 -49.
AMA StyleNorhaida Hanum Ahmad Tajudin, Siti Masrinda Tasirin, Wei Lun Ang, Masli Rosli, Law Chung Lim. Comparison of drying kinetics and product quality from convective heat pump and solar drying of Roselle calyx. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2019; 118 ():40-49.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNorhaida Hanum Ahmad Tajudin; Siti Masrinda Tasirin; Wei Lun Ang; Masli Rosli; Law Chung Lim. 2019. "Comparison of drying kinetics and product quality from convective heat pump and solar drying of Roselle calyx." Food and Bioproducts Processing 118, no. : 40-49.
Issues of water scarcity and water security have driven the rapid development of various technologies to ensure water sustainability. The forward osmosis (FO) membrane process has been widely recognized as one of the more promising technologies to play an important role in alleviating the issues of water sustainability. Extensive research has been carried out worldwide to explore the potential of FO in desalination, water and wastewater treatment and reclamation. It is of the utmost importance to understand the topics of interest and research trends to further advance the development of FO process technology. In this study, a bibliometric analysis based on the Scopus database was carried out to identify and understand the global research trends of FO process based on 6 main analyses: basic growth trends, journals, countries, institutions, authors, and keywords. A total of 1462 article records published between 1967–2018 were extracted from Scopus and used as the raw data for bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software. The total number of FO articles has sharply increased since 2009 and stabilized at around 250 publications in the past three years. The increase could be associated with the breakthrough in FO membrane science, where the contributions were from the 5 most productive countries: USA, China, Singapore, Australia, and South Korea. FO research started to diversify after the appearance of commercial FO membranes with improved characteristics, enabling the researchers to employ them for various application studies. Keywords analysis showed that the main directions of FO research could be categorized into three clusters: application of FO, membrane fouling study, and FO membrane synthesis. These bibliometric results provide a valuable reference and information on current research directions of FO for researchers and industry practitioners who are interested in FO technology.
Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Daniel Johnson; Nidal Hilal. Forward osmosis research trends in desalination and wastewater treatment: A review of research trends over the past decade. Journal of Water Process Engineering 2019, 31, 100886 .
AMA StyleWei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Daniel Johnson, Nidal Hilal. Forward osmosis research trends in desalination and wastewater treatment: A review of research trends over the past decade. Journal of Water Process Engineering. 2019; 31 ():100886.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Daniel Johnson; Nidal Hilal. 2019. "Forward osmosis research trends in desalination and wastewater treatment: A review of research trends over the past decade." Journal of Water Process Engineering 31, no. : 100886.
Yi Hong Tan; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Siew Xian Chin; Wei Lun Ang; Ebrahim Mahmoudi; Azran Mohd Zainoodin; Abdul Wahab Mohammad. Effect of H3PO4 and KOH as the Activating Agents on the Synthesis of Low-Cost Activated Carbon from Duckweeds Plants. Jurnal Kejuruteraan 2018, SI1, 37 -43.
AMA StyleYi Hong Tan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Siew Xian Chin, Wei Lun Ang, Ebrahim Mahmoudi, Azran Mohd Zainoodin, Abdul Wahab Mohammad. Effect of H3PO4 and KOH as the Activating Agents on the Synthesis of Low-Cost Activated Carbon from Duckweeds Plants. Jurnal Kejuruteraan. 2018; SI1 (4):37-43.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYi Hong Tan; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; Siew Xian Chin; Wei Lun Ang; Ebrahim Mahmoudi; Azran Mohd Zainoodin; Abdul Wahab Mohammad. 2018. "Effect of H3PO4 and KOH as the Activating Agents on the Synthesis of Low-Cost Activated Carbon from Duckweeds Plants." Jurnal Kejuruteraan SI1, no. 4: 37-43.
Nurul Syahidah Zafisah; Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad. CAKE FILTRATION FOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS REMOVAL IN DIGESTATE FROM ANAEROBIC DIGESTED PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME). Water Conservation and Management 2018, 2, 05 -09.
AMA StyleNurul Syahidah Zafisah, Wei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad. CAKE FILTRATION FOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS REMOVAL IN DIGESTATE FROM ANAEROBIC DIGESTED PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME). Water Conservation and Management. 2018; 2 (1):05-09.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNurul Syahidah Zafisah; Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad. 2018. "CAKE FILTRATION FOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS REMOVAL IN DIGESTATE FROM ANAEROBIC DIGESTED PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT (POME)." Water Conservation and Management 2, no. 1: 05-09.
Nurul Syahidah Zafisah; Wei Lun Ang; Daniel James Johnson; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Nidal Hilal. Effect of different filter aids used in cake filtration process on the removal of suspended solids in anaerobically digested palm oil mill effluent (POME). Desalination and Water Treatment 2018, 110, 362 -370.
AMA StyleNurul Syahidah Zafisah, Wei Lun Ang, Daniel James Johnson, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Nidal Hilal. Effect of different filter aids used in cake filtration process on the removal of suspended solids in anaerobically digested palm oil mill effluent (POME). Desalination and Water Treatment. 2018; 110 ():362-370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNurul Syahidah Zafisah; Wei Lun Ang; Daniel James Johnson; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Nidal Hilal. 2018. "Effect of different filter aids used in cake filtration process on the removal of suspended solids in anaerobically digested palm oil mill effluent (POME)." Desalination and Water Treatment 110, no. : 362-370.
Membrane process is considered an effective and economical treatment technology to palm oil mill effluent (POME) which is a major pollution source discharged from the palm oil industry. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) and oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (OMWCNTs) were used as nano additive in coagulation bath to prepare polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane via in-situ colloidal precipitation method. The successful synthesis of carbon nanomaterials GO and OMWCNTs were validated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In general, incorporation of GO and OMWCNTs into membrane matrix via in-situ colloidal precipitation method have significant effect on membrane characterization including contact angle, surface charge, porosity and pore size of the membrane. As observed using FESEM images, GO nanosheets had blocked some areas of the membrane surface thus reducing the effective filtration area. The mixed-matrix membranes M1c, M3a, and M5b demonstrated improved water permeability of 43.99 L/m2·h·bar, 52.62 L/m2·h·bar, and 43.38 L/m2·h·bar, respectively owing to thinner skin layer, bigger voids, and increased hydrophilicity. The rejection performance of fabricated membrane was evaluated using diluted aerobic POME on physical characteristics (color, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH) and chemical properties (chemical oxygen demand (COD), hardness, total chlorine, and phosphorus). As compared to pristine membrane, the mixed-matrix membrane, M1c had improved the rejection of TDS, phosphorus, hardness, COD, chlorine, turbidity, color, and TSS with maximum rejection percentage of 1.51%, 6.55%, 21.79%, 75.5%, 76%, 81.94%, 86.3%, and 100%, respectively. This research demonstrated that the deposition of carbon nanomaterials increased the membrane hydrophilicity and formed a repulsive boundary barrier that enhanced antifouling properties.
Kah Chun Ho; Y.H. Teow; Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad. Novel GO/OMWCNTs mixed-matrix membrane with enhanced antifouling property for palm oil mill effluent treatment. Separation and Purification Technology 2017, 177, 337 -349.
AMA StyleKah Chun Ho, Y.H. Teow, Wei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad. Novel GO/OMWCNTs mixed-matrix membrane with enhanced antifouling property for palm oil mill effluent treatment. Separation and Purification Technology. 2017; 177 ():337-349.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKah Chun Ho; Y.H. Teow; Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad. 2017. "Novel GO/OMWCNTs mixed-matrix membrane with enhanced antifouling property for palm oil mill effluent treatment." Separation and Purification Technology 177, no. : 337-349.
Wei Lun Ang; D. Nordin; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Abdelbaki Benamor; N. Hilal. Effect of membrane performance including fouling on cost optimization in brackish water desalination process. Chemical Engineering Research and Design 2017, 117, 401 -413.
AMA StyleWei Lun Ang, D. Nordin, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Abdelbaki Benamor, N. Hilal. Effect of membrane performance including fouling on cost optimization in brackish water desalination process. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 2017; 117 ():401-413.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Lun Ang; D. Nordin; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Abdelbaki Benamor; N. Hilal. 2017. "Effect of membrane performance including fouling on cost optimization in brackish water desalination process." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 117, no. : 401-413.
Water treatment industries are exploring the possibility to use environmental friendly chemicals and to discover the potential of advanced treatment technology in order to achieve sustainable development. Hybrid coagulation-membrane process has been introduced and proven to be a reliable water treatment process. In this study, the potential of chitosan as natural coagulant in hybrid coagulation-NF membrane process was studied. Three synthetic humic acid (HA) solutions with different ionic strength and composition will be used; without salt (Set 1), with NaCl only (Set 2), and with NaCl, CaCl2, and NaHCO3 (Set 3). Our findings indicated that gradual flux decline for Set 1 can be related to the continuous accumulation of neutral charged particles (pH 4.2) on the membrane surface. Formation of compact foulant layer due to further charge suppression of the foulants by dissolved ions (Set 2) resulted in severe membrane flux decline. When the pH of Set 1 and Set 2 supernatant solutions were increased to 7, fouling has been resolved due to the presence of strong electrostatic repulsion between the foulants and membrane. During the initial filtration process for Set 3, the flux has remained constant due to the strong repulsion between negatively charged foulants and membrane (pH 7). It was followed by severe flux decline which could be attributed to the effect of concentration polarization. Hence, this study highlighted that the impact of natural coagulant on the membrane process should be systematically studied in order to prevent unnecessary loss due to the incompatibility between both processes.
Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Abdelbaki Benamor; Nidal Hilal. Chitosan as natural coagulant in hybrid coagulation-nanofiltration membrane process for water treatment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2016, 4, 4857 -4862.
AMA StyleWei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Abdelbaki Benamor, Nidal Hilal. Chitosan as natural coagulant in hybrid coagulation-nanofiltration membrane process for water treatment. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2016; 4 (4):4857-4862.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Abdelbaki Benamor; Nidal Hilal. 2016. "Chitosan as natural coagulant in hybrid coagulation-nanofiltration membrane process for water treatment." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 4, no. 4: 4857-4862.
Antiscalants have been used to inhibit the formation of scales and reduce the risk of membrane scaling. However, issues such as the increased of biofouling tendency and contradictory observations of organic fouling propensity under the influence of antiscalants have been reported by other researchers. Such observations indicate the need for thorough understanding about the interaction between antiscalants and membrane/foulants in the solution. This study investigated the influence of antiscalant on the water characteristics and the performance of hybrid coagulation–nanofiltration membrane process for brackish water treatment. It was observed that scaling was mitigated with the addition of antiscalants but membrane fouling was exacerbated at higher dosage, probably due to the changes in foulant properties induced by antiscalants. Analysis carried out on the water showed that antiscalants altered the characteristics of the foulants and formed precipitates with calcium/aluminum and iron (from coagulant) ions, which eventually deposited as foulant layer on the membrane surface. This was proven with the existence of phosphorous element on the membrane surface using SEM–EDX. The findings demonstrated how the antiscalants altered the water characteristics and provided insight into the reactivity of antiscalants present in different concentrations, which could be used to interpret the contradicting findings from other researchers.
W.L. Ang; A.W. Mohammad; A. Benamor; N. Hilal; C.P. Leo. Hybrid coagulation–NF membrane process for brackish water treatment: Effect of antiscalant on water characteristics and membrane fouling. Desalination 2016, 393, 144 -150.
AMA StyleW.L. Ang, A.W. Mohammad, A. Benamor, N. Hilal, C.P. Leo. Hybrid coagulation–NF membrane process for brackish water treatment: Effect of antiscalant on water characteristics and membrane fouling. Desalination. 2016; 393 ():144-150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleW.L. Ang; A.W. Mohammad; A. Benamor; N. Hilal; C.P. Leo. 2016. "Hybrid coagulation–NF membrane process for brackish water treatment: Effect of antiscalant on water characteristics and membrane fouling." Desalination 393, no. : 144-150.
W.L. Ang; A.W. Mohammad; A. Benamor; N. Hilal. Hybrid coagulation–NF membrane processes for brackish water treatment: Effect of pH and salt/calcium concentration. Desalination 2016, 390, 25 -32.
AMA StyleW.L. Ang, A.W. Mohammad, A. Benamor, N. Hilal. Hybrid coagulation–NF membrane processes for brackish water treatment: Effect of pH and salt/calcium concentration. Desalination. 2016; 390 ():25-32.
Chicago/Turabian StyleW.L. Ang; A.W. Mohammad; A. Benamor; N. Hilal. 2016. "Hybrid coagulation–NF membrane processes for brackish water treatment: Effect of pH and salt/calcium concentration." Desalination 390, no. : 25-32.
Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Y.H. Teow; Abdelbaki Benamor; Nidal Hilal. Hybrid chitosan/FeCl3 coagulation–membrane processes: Performance evaluation and membrane fouling study in removing natural organic matter. Separation and Purification Technology 2015, 152, 23 -31.
AMA StyleWei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Y.H. Teow, Abdelbaki Benamor, Nidal Hilal. Hybrid chitosan/FeCl3 coagulation–membrane processes: Performance evaluation and membrane fouling study in removing natural organic matter. Separation and Purification Technology. 2015; 152 ():23-31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Y.H. Teow; Abdelbaki Benamor; Nidal Hilal. 2015. "Hybrid chitosan/FeCl3 coagulation–membrane processes: Performance evaluation and membrane fouling study in removing natural organic matter." Separation and Purification Technology 152, no. : 23-31.
Wei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Nidal Hilal; Choe Peng Leo. A review on the applicability of integrated/hybrid membrane processes in water treatment and desalination plants. Desalination 2015, 363, 2 -18.
AMA StyleWei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Nidal Hilal, Choe Peng Leo. A review on the applicability of integrated/hybrid membrane processes in water treatment and desalination plants. Desalination. 2015; 363 ():2-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWei Lun Ang; Abdul Wahab Mohammad; Nidal Hilal; Choe Peng Leo. 2015. "A review on the applicability of integrated/hybrid membrane processes in water treatment and desalination plants." Desalination 363, no. : 2-18.