Background: Prior research has investigated various strategies to improve health, wellbeing and the job-related outcomes of nurses. However, the scope of this evidence is not clear and the types of intervention most likely to have positive outcomes are unknown. Objective: To provide an overview and synthesis of the effectiveness of interventions conducted with the goal of improving health, wellbeing and the job-related outcomes of nurses. Methods: A systematic database search was conducted from January 2000 to December 2018, with pre-defined criteria (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; MEDLINE and PubMed; EMBASE; CINAHL; PsycINFO; and BioMed Central). In total, 136 intervention studies with a total sample of 16,129 participants (range 9–3381) were included and evaluated. Data extraction, quality assessment and risk of bias analyses were performed. Results: Studies included randomised controlled trials (RCTs; n = 52, 38%), randomised crossover design studies (n = 2, 1.5%) and non-randomised pre-post studies with a control group (n = 31, 23%) and without a control group (n = 51, 37.5%). The majority of interventions focused on education, physical activity, mindfulness, or relaxation. Thirty-seven (27%) studies had a multimodal intervention approach. On average, studies had relatively small samples (median = 61; mode = 30) and were conducted predominantly in North America (USA/Canada, n = 53). The findings were mixed overall, with some studies reporting benefits and others finding no effects. Dietary habits was the most successfully improved outcome (8/9), followed by indices of body composition (20/24), physical activity (PA) (11/14), and stress (49/66), with >70% of relevant studies in each of these categories reporting improvements. The lowest success rate was for work-related outcomes (16/32). Separate analysis of RCTs indicated that interventions that focus solely on education might be less likely to result in positive outcomes than interventions targeting behavioural change. Conclusions: Interventions targeting diet, body composition, PA, or stress are most likely to have positive outcomes for nurses’ health and/or wellbeing. The methodologically strongest evidence (RCTs) is available for body composition and stress. Interventions relying solely on educational approaches are least likely to be effective. Organisational outcomes appear to be more challenging to change with lifestyle intervention, likely requiring more complex solutions including changes to the work environment. There is a need for more high-quality evidence since many studies had moderate or high risk of bias and low reporting quality.

Background Conducting culturally sensitive research into male experiences can be challenging for female researchers. Despite this, there are very few published reflective accounts of how they have overcome these difficulties. Aim To illustrate a female researcher’s challenges in conducting research into young men’s experiences of puberty in Pakistan and highlight the strategies used to overcome these. Discussion An important challenge for the researcher was creating an environment in which participants felt able to share their experiences. This was overcome by the incorporation of the experiences of public involvement contributors in the development of the project, offering a choice of interview format to participants and other solutions driven by the ‘insider’ position of the researcher. The researcher’s ‘outsider’ role as a mature and pregnant woman appeared to create a ‘safe’ environment, allowing the young men to openly share their personal experiences. Conclusion Female researchers can successfully conduct culturally sensitive research with young men in patriarchal societies such as Pakistan. The key is to be aware of potential cultural issues and to use any insider/outsider positionality to the greatest effect. Implications for practice In addition to adapting procedures, such as gaining trust, building rapport and assuring a non-judgemental and comfortable environment, the ‘outsider’ position of the female researcher should be given due consideration when undertaking culturally sensitive research with men.

Background: Perinatal anxiety (PNA) is experienced by about 21% of women throughout the perinatal period. Identifying women at risk of PNA through primary care patient records could enable early intervention to improve treatment outcomes. The acceptability of doing this, however, is unknown. Aim: To explore patients’ and practitioners’ views on identifying women at risk of developing PNA using primary care patient records. Design and setting: Qualitative data are presented from a mixed-methods study, which used online and in-person interviews that were conducted in England. Method: Semi-structured interviews were held with 19 women with lived experience of PNA and 27 healthcare professionals (HCPs). Data were analysed thematically. A patient and public involvement and engagement group were involved throughout the study. Results: Both women and practitioners thought it was acceptable to identify women at increased risk of PNA using medical records, providing that sufficient acceptable help and support was in place. All participants also highlighted that an increased risk of PNA needed to be communicated sensitively, with women preferring phrasing such as ‘more vulnerable’ or ‘more susceptible’ than ‘high risk’. Challenges with identifying risk factors within patient records, such as limited sharing between HCPs and poor coding, were discussed by practitioners. Conclusion: There are challenges to identifying risk factors within patient records. It was felt that not all possible risk factors would be recorded in primary care records. The issues of limited sharing between HCPs and poor coding were discussed by practitioners, many of whom thought that clinical intuition was a more appropriate way to assess risk.

Adolescents with fathers who have schizophrenia are more likely to experience emotional dysregulation, negative decisions, a failure to form an identity, inconsistency in decision-making, and failure to adapt. This study is aimed to investigate the lived experiences of adolescents who live with a father who has schizophrenia in an urban area of Bandung City, West Java. The qualitative phenomenological approach was used in this study. In-depth interviews were conducted with six adolescent participants, aged 13 to 22, who live in Bandung City with a father diagnosed with schizophrenia. The Colaizzi method was then used to analyze the interview transcripts. Data analysis produced eight major themes: i) dealing with psychosocial problems and moral dilemmas, ii) a lack of closeness between father and children, iii) exposures to violence inside and outside the home, iv) getting the wisdom behind the catastrophe, v) changing roles and responsibilities, vi) a lack of social support, vii) difficulties to share personal issues, and viii) seeking to build a better future. The adolescents still have opportunities to continue building a better future. Improving health promotion and education programs to manage negative emotions and developing Self-Help Groups for adolescents whose fathers have schizophrenia is thus necessary.