• Seaweed and edible insects are considered new sources of bioactive peptides. • Conventional approaches are necessary to validate the bioactivity of peptides. • Bioinformatics tools accelerate the obtaining of bioactive peptides. • The integrated approach is a promising strategy to obtain bioactive peptides.

• Synthetic biology improves probiotics therapeutic approaches. • Engineering technologies contribute to design probiotics mechanisms of action. • Edition of proteolytic systems induce the generation of specific bioactive peptides. • Engineered probiotics should be evaluated as therapeutic agents in clinical trials. • Therapeutical and technological uses of engineered probiotics are still controversial.