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Le Hoang Tu
Research Center for Climate Change, Nong Lam University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam

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Review
Published: 08 May 2021 in Water
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The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) is a well-known hydrological modeling tool that has been applied in various hydrologic and environmental simulations. A total of 206 studies over a 15-year period (2005–2019) were identified from various peer-reviewed scientific journals listed on the SWAT website database, which is supported by the Centre for Agricultural and Rural Development (CARD). These studies were categorized into five areas, namely applications considering: water resources and streamflow, erosion and sedimentation, land-use management and agricultural-related contexts, climate-change contexts, and model parameterization and dataset inputs. Water resources studies were applied to understand hydrological processes and responses in various river basins. Land-use and agriculture-related context studies mainly analyzed impacts and mitigation measures on the environment and provided insights into better environmental management. Erosion and sedimentation studies using the SWAT model were done to quantify sediment yield and evaluate soil conservation measures. Climate-change context studies mainly demonstrated streamflow sensitivity to weather changes. The model parameterization studies highlighted parameter selection in streamflow analysis, model improvements, and basin scale calibrations. Dataset inputs mainly compared simulations with rain-gauge and global rainfall data sources. The challenges and advantages of the SWAT model’s applications, which range from data availability and prediction uncertainties to the model’s capability in various applications, are highlighted. Discussions on considerations for future simulations such as data sharing, and potential for better future analysis are also highlighted. Increased efforts in local data availability and a multidimensional approach in future simulations are recommended.

ACS Style

George Akoko; Tu Le; Takashi Gomi; Tasuku Kato. A Review of SWAT Model Application in Africa. Water 2021, 13, 1313 .

AMA Style

George Akoko, Tu Le, Takashi Gomi, Tasuku Kato. A Review of SWAT Model Application in Africa. Water. 2021; 13 (9):1313.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George Akoko; Tu Le; Takashi Gomi; Tasuku Kato. 2021. "A Review of SWAT Model Application in Africa." Water 13, no. 9: 1313.

Journal article
Published: 17 September 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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The Pesticide Concentration in Paddy Field (PCPF-1) model has been successfully used to predict the fate and transport of granular pesticides applied to the paddy fields. However, it is not applicable for pesticides in foliar formulation while previous studies have reported that foliar application may increase the risks of rice pesticide contamination to the aquatic environment due to pesticide wash-off from rice foliage. In this study, we developed and added a foliar application module into the PCPF-1 model to improve its versatility regarding pesticide application methods. In addition, some processes of the original model such as photodegradation were simplified. The updated model was then validated with data from previous studies. Critical parameters of the model were calibrated using the Sequential Uncertainty Fitting version 2 (SUFI-2) algorithm. The calibrated model simulated pesticide dissipation trend and concentrations with moderate accuracy in the two paddy compartments including rice foliage and paddy water. The accuracy of the predicted soil concentrations could not be evaluated since no observed data were available. Although the p-factor and r-factor obtained using the SUFI2 algorithm indicated that the uncertainty encompassed in the predicted concentrations was rather high, the daily predicted pesticide concentrations in rice foliage and paddy water were satisfactory based on the NSE values (0.36–0.89). The updated PCPF-1 model is a flexible tool for the environmental risk assessment of pesticide losses and the evaluation of agricultural management practices for mitigating pesticide pollution associated with rice production.

ACS Style

Le Hoang Tu; Julien Boulange; Thai Khanh Phong; Dang Quoc Thuyet; Hirozumi Watanabe; Kazuhiro Takagi. Predicting rice pesticide fate and transport following foliage application by an updated PCPF-1 model. Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 277, 111356 .

AMA Style

Le Hoang Tu, Julien Boulange, Thai Khanh Phong, Dang Quoc Thuyet, Hirozumi Watanabe, Kazuhiro Takagi. Predicting rice pesticide fate and transport following foliage application by an updated PCPF-1 model. Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 277 ():111356.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Le Hoang Tu; Julien Boulange; Thai Khanh Phong; Dang Quoc Thuyet; Hirozumi Watanabe; Kazuhiro Takagi. 2020. "Predicting rice pesticide fate and transport following foliage application by an updated PCPF-1 model." Journal of Environmental Management 277, no. : 111356.

Journal article
Published: 19 August 2020 in Water
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Rice is an important cereal crop in Kenya, where it is mainly grown in the Mwea Irrigation Scheme, MIS. The serious challenges of MIS include low water use efficiency and limited available water resources. The objective of this study is to analyze the current and future irrigation water resource availability for the improvement of future water management. A Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a public domain software supported by the United States Department of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service in Bushland, TX, USA, was used to estimate the current and future water resources availability from the MIS’s main irrigation water supply sources (River Thiba and River Nyamindi). CropWat, a computer program developed by the Land and Water Division of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Rome, Italy, was used to estimate irrigation water requirements from 2013–2016 and into the future (2020–2060 and 2061–2099). Future climatic data for total available flow and irrigation requirement estimations were downloaded from three General Circulation Models (GCMs). The data was bias corrected and down-scaled (with observed data) using a Climate Change Toolkit, a toolkit for climate change analysis developed by the Water Weather and Energy Ecosystem, Zurich, Switzerland. The results indicated that the highest irrigation water deficits were experienced in July and August based on the existing cropping pattern. Under a proposed future pattern, estimates show that MIS will experience water deficits mainly from June to October and from January to February. This study recommends that MIS management should put into strong consideration the simulated future estimates in irrigation water availability for the improvement of water management.

ACS Style

George Akoko Tasuku Kato; Le Hoang Tu. Evaluation of Irrigation Water Resources Availability and Climate Change Impacts—A Case Study of Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya. Water 2020, 12, 2330 .

AMA Style

George Akoko Tasuku Kato, Le Hoang Tu. Evaluation of Irrigation Water Resources Availability and Climate Change Impacts—A Case Study of Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya. Water. 2020; 12 (9):2330.

Chicago/Turabian Style

George Akoko Tasuku Kato; Le Hoang Tu. 2020. "Evaluation of Irrigation Water Resources Availability and Climate Change Impacts—A Case Study of Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya." Water 12, no. 9: 2330.