This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Cable tensile forces in winch-assist harvesting have been investigated in order to assess the safety concerns of the technology. However, the literature is lacking, particularly in regards to the impact of winch design. In this study, a Summit Winch Assist tethering a feller-director on ground slopes up to 77% was monitored for four days. The cable tensile forces were simultaneously recorded at the harvesting and anchor machine at a frequency of 100 Hz. Cameras and GNSS devices enabled a time study of the operations and the recording of machine positions. Winch functionality and design were disclosed by the manufacturer and used for the interpretation of the results. The cable tensile forces reached 296 kN at the harvesting machine and 260 kN at the anchor machine. The slow negotiation of obstacles while moving downhill recorded the highest peaks, mainly due to threshold settings of the winch in the brake system activation. Lower but significant peaks were also recorded during stationary work tasks. The peaks, however, were limited to a few events and never exceeded the endurance limit of the cable. Overall, the study confirmed recent findings in cable tensile force analysis of active winch-assist operations and provided evidence of the underlaying mechanisms that contribute to cable tensile forces.
Omar Mologni; Eric Nance; C. Lyons; Luca Marchi; Stefano Grigolato; Raffaele Cavalli; Dominik Roeser. Cable Tensile Forces Associated to Winch Design in Tethered Harvesting Operations: A Case Study from the Pacific North West. Forests 2021, 12, 827 .
AMA StyleOmar Mologni, Eric Nance, C. Lyons, Luca Marchi, Stefano Grigolato, Raffaele Cavalli, Dominik Roeser. Cable Tensile Forces Associated to Winch Design in Tethered Harvesting Operations: A Case Study from the Pacific North West. Forests. 2021; 12 (7):827.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOmar Mologni; Eric Nance; C. Lyons; Luca Marchi; Stefano Grigolato; Raffaele Cavalli; Dominik Roeser. 2021. "Cable Tensile Forces Associated to Winch Design in Tethered Harvesting Operations: A Case Study from the Pacific North West." Forests 12, no. 7: 827.
Omar Mologni; C. Kevin Lyons; Luca Marchi; Dzhamal Amishev; Stefano Grigolato; Raffaele Cavalli; Dominik Röser. Correction to: Assessment of cable tensile forces in active winch-assist harvesting using an anchor machine configuration. European Journal of Forest Research 2021, 140, 761 -762.
AMA StyleOmar Mologni, C. Kevin Lyons, Luca Marchi, Dzhamal Amishev, Stefano Grigolato, Raffaele Cavalli, Dominik Röser. Correction to: Assessment of cable tensile forces in active winch-assist harvesting using an anchor machine configuration. European Journal of Forest Research. 2021; 140 (4):761-762.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOmar Mologni; C. Kevin Lyons; Luca Marchi; Dzhamal Amishev; Stefano Grigolato; Raffaele Cavalli; Dominik Röser. 2021. "Correction to: Assessment of cable tensile forces in active winch-assist harvesting using an anchor machine configuration." European Journal of Forest Research 140, no. 4: 761-762.
Skyline tensile forces have been shown to frequently exceed the recommended safety limits during ordinary cable logging operations. Several models for skyline engineering analyses have been proposed. Although skyline tensile forces assume a dynamic behaviour, practical solutions are based on a static approach without consideration of the dynamic nature of the cable systems.The aim of this study was to compare field data of skyline tensile forces with the static calculations derived by dedicated available software such as SkylineXL. To overcome the limitation of static calculation, this work also aimed to simulate the actual response of the tensile fluctuations measured in the real environment by mean of a finite element model (FEM).Field observations of skyline tensile forces included 103 work cycles, recorded over four different cable lines in standing skyline configuration. Payload estimations, carriages positions, and time study of the logging operations were also collected in the field. The ground profiles and the cable line geometries were analysed using digital elevation models. The field data were then used to simulate the work cycles in SkylineXL. The dynamic response of six fully-suspended loads in a single-span cable line was also simulated by a dedicated FEM built through ANSYS®. The observed data and the software calculations were then compared.SkylineXL resulted particularly reliable in the prediction of the actual tensile forces, with RMSE ranging between 7.5 and 13.5 KN, linked to an average CV(RMSE) of 7.24%. The reliability in predicting the peak tensile forces was lower, reporting CV(RMSE) of 10.12%, but still not likely resulting in a safety or performance problem. If properly set-up and used, thus, SkylineXL could be considered appropriate for operational and practical purposes. This work, however, showed that finite element models could be successfully used for detailed analysis and simulation of the skyline tensile forces, including the dynamic oscillations due to the motion of the carriage and payload along the cable line. Further developments of this technique could also lead to the physical simulation and analysis of the log-to-ground interaction and the investigation of the breakout force during lateral skidding.
Omar Mologni; Luca Marchi; Kevin C. Lyons; Stefano Grigolato; Raffaele Cavalli; Dominik Röser. Skyline Tensile Forces in Cable Logging. Croatian journal of forest engineering 2021, 42, 1 .
AMA StyleOmar Mologni, Luca Marchi, Kevin C. Lyons, Stefano Grigolato, Raffaele Cavalli, Dominik Röser. Skyline Tensile Forces in Cable Logging. Croatian journal of forest engineering. 2021; 42 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOmar Mologni; Luca Marchi; Kevin C. Lyons; Stefano Grigolato; Raffaele Cavalli; Dominik Röser. 2021. "Skyline Tensile Forces in Cable Logging." Croatian journal of forest engineering 42, no. 2: 1.
The growing interest in accessing steep terrain is pushing the expansion of the operating range of ground-based machines through winch-assist technology. However, cable tensile forces remain a major concern in the advancement of this technology. In this study, cable tensile forces in a winch-assist harvesting operation based on an anchor machine configuration were investigated. A harvesting machine tethered on ground slopes of up to 103% (45.9°) was observed over four days. Cable tensile forces were recorded at both the harvesting and anchor machines, at a frequency of 100 and 10 Hz, respectively. Cameras and GNSS devices enabled the execution of a time and motion study and the recording of machine positions. At the harvesting machine, peak tensile forces of up to 400 kN were recorded. Downhill movements of the harvesting machine were the cause of the highest peaks which, however, never exceeded the endurance limit of the cable. Numerous local variations in cable tensile forces exceeded 50 kN for just a few hundredths of a second, with a maximum variation of 300 kN in less than a second. Movements of the harvesting machine were the main cause of the major local variations. Depending on work element and harvesting machine movements, cable tensile forces were higher at either the harvesting or anchor machines; however, the highest peak tensile forces per work element and the related working loads were always recorded at the harvesting machine. Some implementation steps for improving the safety of winch-assist harvesting operations using anchor machines are also discussed.
Omar Mologni; C. Kevin Lyons; Luca Marchi; Dzhamal Amishev; Stefano Grigolato; Raffaele Cavalli; Dominik Röser. Assessment of cable tensile forces in active winch-assist harvesting using an anchor machine configuration. European Journal of Forest Research 2021, 140, 745 -759.
AMA StyleOmar Mologni, C. Kevin Lyons, Luca Marchi, Dzhamal Amishev, Stefano Grigolato, Raffaele Cavalli, Dominik Röser. Assessment of cable tensile forces in active winch-assist harvesting using an anchor machine configuration. European Journal of Forest Research. 2021; 140 (4):745-759.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOmar Mologni; C. Kevin Lyons; Luca Marchi; Dzhamal Amishev; Stefano Grigolato; Raffaele Cavalli; Dominik Röser. 2021. "Assessment of cable tensile forces in active winch-assist harvesting using an anchor machine configuration." European Journal of Forest Research 140, no. 4: 745-759.
The increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and high spatial resolution imagery from associated sensors necessitates the continued advancement of efficient means of image processing to ensure these tools are utilized effectively. This is exemplified in the field of forest management, where the extraction of individual tree crown information stands to benefit operational budgets. We explored training a region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) to automatically delineate individual tree crown (ITC) polygons in regenerating forests (14 years after harvest) using true colour red-green-blue (RGB) imagery with an average ground sampling distance (GSD) of 3 cm. We predicted ITC polygons to extract height information using canopy height models generated from digital aerial photogrammetric (DAP) point clouds. Our approach yielded an average precision of 0.98, an average recall of 0.85, and an average F1 score of 0.91 for the delineation of ITC. Remote height measurements were strongly correlated with field height measurements (r2 = 0.93, RMSE = 0.34 m). The mean difference between DAP-derived and field-collected height measurements was −0.37 m and −0.24 m for white spruce (Picea glauca) and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), respectively. Our results show that accurate ITC delineation in young, regenerating stands is possible with fine-spatial resolution RGB imagery and that predicted ITC can be used in combination with DAP to estimate tree height.
Andrew Chadwick; Tristan Goodbody; Nicholas Coops; Anne Hervieux; Christopher Bater; Lee Martens; Barry White; Dominik Röeser. Automatic Delineation and Height Measurement of Regenerating Conifer Crowns under Leaf-Off Conditions Using UAV Imagery. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 4104 .
AMA StyleAndrew Chadwick, Tristan Goodbody, Nicholas Coops, Anne Hervieux, Christopher Bater, Lee Martens, Barry White, Dominik Röeser. Automatic Delineation and Height Measurement of Regenerating Conifer Crowns under Leaf-Off Conditions Using UAV Imagery. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (24):4104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndrew Chadwick; Tristan Goodbody; Nicholas Coops; Anne Hervieux; Christopher Bater; Lee Martens; Barry White; Dominik Röeser. 2020. "Automatic Delineation and Height Measurement of Regenerating Conifer Crowns under Leaf-Off Conditions Using UAV Imagery." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24: 4104.
Luca Marchi; Davide Trutalli; Omar Mologni; Raimondo Gallo; Dominik Roeser; Raffaele Cavalli; Stefano Grigolato. Mechanical response of natural anchors in cable logging. International Journal of Forest Engineering 2020, 32, 29 -42.
AMA StyleLuca Marchi, Davide Trutalli, Omar Mologni, Raimondo Gallo, Dominik Roeser, Raffaele Cavalli, Stefano Grigolato. Mechanical response of natural anchors in cable logging. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 2020; 32 (1):29-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuca Marchi; Davide Trutalli; Omar Mologni; Raimondo Gallo; Dominik Roeser; Raffaele Cavalli; Stefano Grigolato. 2020. "Mechanical response of natural anchors in cable logging." International Journal of Forest Engineering 32, no. 1: 29-42.
Research Highlights: A set of 128 potential bioenergy facility locations is established and evaluated based on the transport cost to select optimal locations. Background and Objectives: The identification of optimal facility locations to process recovered forest biomass is an important decision in designing a bioenergy supply chain at the strategic planning level. The result of this analysis can affect supply chain costs and the overall efficiency of the network, due to the low density and dispersed nature of forest biomass and the high costs associated with its logistics operations. In this study, we develop a two-stage decision support system to identify the optimal site locations for forest biomass conversion based on biomass availability, transport distance and cost. Materials and Methods: In the first stage, a GIS-based analysis is designed to identify strategic locations of potential bioenergy sites. The second stage evaluates the most cost-effective locations individually using a transportation cost model, based on the results from stage one. The sensitivity of inputs, such as maximum allowable transport cost, the distance of transport and their relations to the profit balance, and changes in fuel price are tested. The method is applied to a real case study in the state of Queensland, Australia. Results and Conclusions: The GIS analysis resulted in 128 strategic candidate locations being suggested for bioenergy conversion sites. The logistics analysis estimated the optimal cost and transportation distance of each one of the locations and ranked them according to the overall performance between capacities of 5 and 100 MW.
Sam Van Holsbeeck; Sättar Ezzati; Dominik Röser; Mark Brown. A Two-Stage DSS to Evaluate Optimal Locations for Bioenergy Facilities. Forests 2020, 11, 968 .
AMA StyleSam Van Holsbeeck, Sättar Ezzati, Dominik Röser, Mark Brown. A Two-Stage DSS to Evaluate Optimal Locations for Bioenergy Facilities. Forests. 2020; 11 (9):968.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSam Van Holsbeeck; Sättar Ezzati; Dominik Röser; Mark Brown. 2020. "A Two-Stage DSS to Evaluate Optimal Locations for Bioenergy Facilities." Forests 11, no. 9: 968.
Large scale windthrow salvage logging is increasing in Central Europe because of the growth of severe atmospheric events due to global heating. Sustainable forest operations in these conditions are challenging in terms of both productivity performances and safety of the operations. Fully mechanized harvesting systems are the preferred solution on trafficable terrains and proper slopes. However, different work methods and logistic organization of the operations could largely change the overall performances. The study observed three harvesting sites based on fully mechanized cut-to-length systems and located in areas affected by the Vaia storm, which hit north-eastern Italy in October 2018. The objectives were to estimate forwarder productivity in salvage logging in difficult terrain and to identify significant variables affecting this productivity under real working conditions. Time and motion studies were carried out and covered 59.9 PMH15, for a total of 101 working cycles, extracting a total volume of 1277 m3 of timber. Average time consumption for each site was 38.7, 42.2, and 25.1 PMH15 with average productivity of 22.5, 18.5, and 29.4 m3/PMH15, respectively, for Sites A, B, and C. A total of seven explanatory variables significantly affected forwarder productivity. Average load volume, maximum machine inclination during loading, and number of logs positively affected the productivity. On the contrary, travel distance, load volume, maximum ground slope during moving and loading have a negative influence. With an average travel distance of 500 m, the productivity resulted 20.52, 16.31, and 23.03 m3/PMH15, respectively, for Sites A, B, and C. An increase of 200 m of travel distance causes a decrease in productivity of 6%.
Alberto Cadei; Omar Mologni; Dominik Röser; Raffaele Cavalli; Stefano Grigolato. Forwarder Productivity in Salvage Logging Operations in Difficult Terrain. Forests 2020, 11, 341 .
AMA StyleAlberto Cadei, Omar Mologni, Dominik Röser, Raffaele Cavalli, Stefano Grigolato. Forwarder Productivity in Salvage Logging Operations in Difficult Terrain. Forests. 2020; 11 (3):341.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlberto Cadei; Omar Mologni; Dominik Röser; Raffaele Cavalli; Stefano Grigolato. 2020. "Forwarder Productivity in Salvage Logging Operations in Difficult Terrain." Forests 11, no. 3: 341.
Integrated harvesting (i.e., the combined harvesting of roundwood and residues) has a large potential for replication, since all operations produce residues, which could be turned into a collateral product. For this reason, much work has been produced over the years about the subject, and the current bibliography is abundant, fragmented, and occasionally contradictory. The goal of this paper was to analyze both recent and older fundamental studies about integrated harvesting and extract the essential concepts, which may inform managers as they plan for harvesting roundwood and forest residues together. The analysis showed that integrated harvesting would generate additional revenue with a little extra effort, provided it is rationally implemented. In particular, residue recovery must be planned in advance to avoid residue dispersal and contamination. Roundwood is generally the main product, and therefore, the characteristics of the main harvesting systems and the value of the additional harvest limit the options for energy wood recovery. The system adopted for collecting forest residues must not incur a higher cost than the value of the energy product and must be compatible with the conditions imposed by the roundwood harvesting operation. Successful implementation of the integrated harvesting concept requires skillful management of machine interaction, landing space requirement, and residue handling, to minimize cost and avoid product contamination. Residue processing is a crucial step of energy wood harvesting and can be performed with chippers, grinders, or balers, depending on site and market conditions.
Raffaele Spinelli; Rien Visser; Rolf Björheden; Dominik Röser. Recovering Energy Biomass in Conventional Forest Operations: a Review of Integrated Harvesting Systems. Current Forestry Reports 2019, 5, 90 -100.
AMA StyleRaffaele Spinelli, Rien Visser, Rolf Björheden, Dominik Röser. Recovering Energy Biomass in Conventional Forest Operations: a Review of Integrated Harvesting Systems. Current Forestry Reports. 2019; 5 (2):90-100.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaffaele Spinelli; Rien Visser; Rolf Björheden; Dominik Röser. 2019. "Recovering Energy Biomass in Conventional Forest Operations: a Review of Integrated Harvesting Systems." Current Forestry Reports 5, no. 2: 90-100.
Biomass has emerged as an attractive renewable source of energy to shift away from fossil fuels. The high cost of biomass feedstock and variations in its availability and quality are among the key barriers in bioenergy and biofuel development. Therefore, it is crucial to design and operate biomass supply chains that are efficient. In previous studies, simulation modelling was used to analyse biomass supply chains while incorporating its complexities and dynamic nature. Despite the impact of biomass storage on demand fulfilment and logistics cost, the problem of biomass inventory management is overlooked. In this paper, a simulation model is developed to compare demand fulfilment, cost, and emission of a forest-based biomass supply chain for two inventory systems: 1) order-up-to-level, and 2) fixed order quantity. Unlike the previous simulation studies, the considered supply chain includes multiple number of conversion facilities that use different types of biomass. Additionally, competition for biomass and logistical resources as well as substitution of biomass, when possible, are considered in the model. The simulation model is applied to a case study in Canada to assess different scenarios. The fixed order quantity system often results in higher demand fulfilment, however, it has higher cost and CO2 eq. emission compared with the order-up-to-level system. In both inventory systems, the transportation cost has the highest contribution to the total cost, ranging from 50% to 82% depending on the type of conversion facility. The grinding operation contributes the most (56%–81%) to the total CO2 eq. emission for both inventory systems.
Shaghaygh Akhtari; Taraneh Sowlati; Diana G. Siller-Benitez; Dominik Roeser. Impact of inventory management on demand fulfilment, cost and emission of forest-based biomass supply chains using simulation modelling. Biosystems Engineering 2018, 178, 184 -199.
AMA StyleShaghaygh Akhtari, Taraneh Sowlati, Diana G. Siller-Benitez, Dominik Roeser. Impact of inventory management on demand fulfilment, cost and emission of forest-based biomass supply chains using simulation modelling. Biosystems Engineering. 2018; 178 ():184-199.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaghaygh Akhtari; Taraneh Sowlati; Diana G. Siller-Benitez; Dominik Roeser. 2018. "Impact of inventory management on demand fulfilment, cost and emission of forest-based biomass supply chains using simulation modelling." Biosystems Engineering 178, no. : 184-199.
Blas Mola-Yudego; Gianni Picchi; Dominik Roeser; Raffaele Spinelli. Assessing chipper productivity and operator effects in forest biomass operations. Silva Fennica 2015, 49, 1 .
AMA StyleBlas Mola-Yudego, Gianni Picchi, Dominik Roeser, Raffaele Spinelli. Assessing chipper productivity and operator effects in forest biomass operations. Silva Fennica. 2015; 49 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBlas Mola-Yudego; Gianni Picchi; Dominik Roeser; Raffaele Spinelli. 2015. "Assessing chipper productivity and operator effects in forest biomass operations." Silva Fennica 49, no. 5: 1.
SummaryForest residues are renewable materials for bioenergy conversion that have the potential to replace fossil fuels beyond electricity and heat generation. A challenge hindering the intensified use of forest residues for energy production is the high cost of their supply chain. Previous studies on optimal design of forest residue supply chains focused on biofuel or bioenergy production separately, mostly with a single time period approach. We present a multi‐period mixed integer linear programming model that optimizes the supply chain of forest residues for the production of bioenergy and biofuels simultaneously. The model determines (i) the location, type and size of the technologies to install and the period to install them, (ii) the mix of biofuel and bioenergy products to generate, (iii) the type and amount of forest residues to acquire and the sourcing points, (iv) the amount of forest residues to transport from sources to facilities and (v) the amount of product to transport from facilities to markets. The objective of the model is to maximize the net present value of the supply chain over a 20‐year planning horizon with yearly time steps. We applied the model to a case study in British Columbia, Canada, to investigate the production of heat, electricity, pellets and pyrolysis bio‐oil from available forest harvesting residues and sawmill wastes. Based on current energy generation costs in the region and the predicted operating costs of new conversion plants, the results of our model recommended the installation of small biomass boilers coupled with steam turbines for electricity production (0.5 and 5 MW) and pyrolysis plants with a capacity of 200 and 400 odmt day−1. We performed a sensitivity analysis to evaluate the sensitivity of the optimal result to changes in the demand and price of products, as well as the availability and cost of forest residues. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Claudia Cambero; Taraneh Sowlati; Marian Marinescu; Dominik Roeser. Strategic optimization of forest residues to bioenergy and biofuel supply chain. International Journal of Energy Research 2014, 39, 439 -452.
AMA StyleClaudia Cambero, Taraneh Sowlati, Marian Marinescu, Dominik Roeser. Strategic optimization of forest residues to bioenergy and biofuel supply chain. International Journal of Energy Research. 2014; 39 (4):439-452.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Cambero; Taraneh Sowlati; Marian Marinescu; Dominik Roeser. 2014. "Strategic optimization of forest residues to bioenergy and biofuel supply chain." International Journal of Energy Research 39, no. 4: 439-452.
Procurement systems and supply chains for industrial-scale forest fuel recovery are still immature. Business process improvement techniques can significantly improve system performance. The present study applies business process modeling and reengineering approaches to an integrated industrial roundwood and energywood supply chain in Germany. The existing business process was reengineered. A new business process for integrated industrial roundwood and energywood procurement and two new business processes for future biomass procurement operations were designed using proven best practices. The improvement potential of the new business processes was investigated by determining the organizational and managerial workload of all actors using discrete-event simulation. The results of the discrete-event simulation were then used as a basis for a comprehensive cost calculation. Finally, the cost-saving potential relative to the current practice was determined. The redesign of the current business process provides a cost-saving potential of 20–39% (–2.64 to –5.25 USD/m3). The first biomass procurement process involves a saving potential of 12–53% (–1.60 to –7.20 USD/m3), while the second might even increase the costs by 13% if the probability of failures is high. With decreasing probability of failures, the costs can decrease by up to 32% (+1.76 to –4.27 USD/m3). The study demonstrates that simple and low-cost measures can improve business processes in forest supply chains and achieve considerable cost savings.
Johannes Windisch; Dominik Roeser; Lauri Sikanen; Johanna Routa. Reengineering business processes to improve an integrated industrial roundwood and energywood procurement chain. International Journal of Forest Engineering 2013, 24, 233 -248.
AMA StyleJohannes Windisch, Dominik Roeser, Lauri Sikanen, Johanna Routa. Reengineering business processes to improve an integrated industrial roundwood and energywood procurement chain. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 2013; 24 (3):233-248.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohannes Windisch; Dominik Roeser; Lauri Sikanen; Johanna Routa. 2013. "Reengineering business processes to improve an integrated industrial roundwood and energywood procurement chain." International Journal of Forest Engineering 24, no. 3: 233-248.
Johannes Windisch; Dominik Roeser; Blas Mola-Yudego; Lauri Sikanen; Antti Asikainen. Business process mapping and discrete-event simulation of two forest biomass supply chains. Biomass and Bioenergy 2013, 56, 370 -381.
AMA StyleJohannes Windisch, Dominik Roeser, Blas Mola-Yudego, Lauri Sikanen, Antti Asikainen. Business process mapping and discrete-event simulation of two forest biomass supply chains. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2013; 56 ():370-381.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohannes Windisch; Dominik Roeser; Blas Mola-Yudego; Lauri Sikanen; Antti Asikainen. 2013. "Business process mapping and discrete-event simulation of two forest biomass supply chains." Biomass and Bioenergy 56, no. : 370-381.
Olalla Díaz-Yáñez; Blas Mola-Yudego; Perttu Anttila; Dominik Röser; Antti Asikainen. Forest chips for energy in Europe: Current procurement methods and potentials. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2013, 21, 562 -571.
AMA StyleOlalla Díaz-Yáñez, Blas Mola-Yudego, Perttu Anttila, Dominik Röser, Antti Asikainen. Forest chips for energy in Europe: Current procurement methods and potentials. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2013; 21 ():562-571.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlalla Díaz-Yáñez; Blas Mola-Yudego; Perttu Anttila; Dominik Röser; Antti Asikainen. 2013. "Forest chips for energy in Europe: Current procurement methods and potentials." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 21, no. : 562-571.
The EU should produce 20% of their energy from renewable sources, including bioenergy, by 2020. Each member state has their own target, for example, Finland should produce 38% and Sweden 49% of their energy from renewable sources by 2020. In this context, the development of forest energy utilization and more effective and economic supply systems plays an important role in both countries. The Nordic countries are the world leaders in the utilization of forest biomass for energy production. This paper provides a short overview of the driving forces behind the current technical solutions of forest energy procurement systems in Finland and Sweden and some perspectives on possible future developments. At the moment, the by‐products from forest industries (e.g., sawdust, black liquor) have a high degree of utilization in both countries. Additional raw materials for energy production include logging residues, stump and root wood, small diameter wood, and other wood not in demand by the traditional forest industries. Forest energy supply chains may be characterized based on the location of comminution into roadside comminution, terminal comminution, or comminution at a plant. The productivity of the generally highly sophisticated and costly procurement machinery is, to a large extent, dependent on the operator's skills and thus new technological solutions should be developed to improve their usability and consequently efficiency.
Johanna Routa; Antti Asikainen; Rolf Björheden; Juha Laitila; Dominik Roeser. Forest energy procurement: state of the art in Finland and Sweden. WIREs Energy and Environment 2012, 2, 602 -613.
AMA StyleJohanna Routa, Antti Asikainen, Rolf Björheden, Juha Laitila, Dominik Roeser. Forest energy procurement: state of the art in Finland and Sweden. WIREs Energy and Environment. 2012; 2 (6):602-613.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohanna Routa; Antti Asikainen; Rolf Björheden; Juha Laitila; Dominik Roeser. 2012. "Forest energy procurement: state of the art in Finland and Sweden." WIREs Energy and Environment 2, no. 6: 602-613.
Dominik Röser; Blas Mola-Yudego; Robert Prinz; Beatrice Emer; Lauri Sikanen. Chipping operations and efficiency in different operational environments. Silva Fennica 2012, 46, 1 .
AMA StyleDominik Röser, Blas Mola-Yudego, Robert Prinz, Beatrice Emer, Lauri Sikanen. Chipping operations and efficiency in different operational environments. Silva Fennica. 2012; 46 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Röser; Blas Mola-Yudego; Robert Prinz; Beatrice Emer; Lauri Sikanen. 2012. "Chipping operations and efficiency in different operational environments." Silva Fennica 46, no. 2: 1.
At present, the utilization of timber in the Northern part of the Scottish Highlands is low due to a lack of a wood utilizing industry. As a consequence, the majority of forest owners do not receive any income from timber and in some cases stumpage prices can even be negative. At the same time, increasing prices of oil, gas and electricity pose a great challenge for local industries and homeowners. The establishment of wood fueled heating systems is therefore expected to improve the situation and at the same time create a market for the local timber resources. Consequently, a local energy source to produce heat and electricity at a competitive price would have positive benefits for both local industries and forest owners. Due to the current lack of competition, roundwood could be chipped for fuel, which has many associated benefits compared to the harvesting and chipping of logging residues. It is the aim of this research to apply existing Finnish know-how in regards to wood fuel harvesting in order to develop and investigate the price level of sustainable and local wood fuel supply chains. To determine the most suitable supply chain for forest fuels, various research methods were applied. An estimation of the forest resources in the Wick area was the first step of the research. The different cost components of the supply chain such as cutting, forwarding and chipping were then calculated based on Finnish experiences and adapted to conditions in Northern Scotland. Detailed transportation distance calculations and cost of transportation were calculated using GIS tools. Of the various supply chain designs considered, chipping at the landing seems to be the most suitable option. Chipping the roundwood at a central terminal would also be feasible; however, a suitable site would have to be identified since chipping of the material at the heating plant is not an option. Calculations indicate that forest chips can be delivered starting from approximately 20 € MWh−1 within a 50 km transportation distance when chipping is at roadside. If the transportation distance is 100 km wood chips could be delivered at approximately 23 € MWh−1. Results from the GIS analysis indicate that a sufficient supply of raw material will be available in the future. According to these calculations forest fuels can be a competitive energy source for heat and electricity production in Northern Scotland.
Dominik Röser; Lauri Sikanen; Antti Asikainen; Heikki Parikka; Kari Väätäinen. Productivity and cost of mechanized energy wood harvesting in Northern Scotland. Biomass and Bioenergy 2011, 35, 4570 -4580.
AMA StyleDominik Röser, Lauri Sikanen, Antti Asikainen, Heikki Parikka, Kari Väätäinen. Productivity and cost of mechanized energy wood harvesting in Northern Scotland. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2011; 35 (11):4570-4580.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Röser; Lauri Sikanen; Antti Asikainen; Heikki Parikka; Kari Väätäinen. 2011. "Productivity and cost of mechanized energy wood harvesting in Northern Scotland." Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 11: 4570-4580.
Finland and Sweden have been forerunners in the development of wood harvesting machinery and methods. In both countries, small- and large-scale supply systems for wood chips have been in operation for several decades. More recently, the production and use of forest chips from logging residues and small diameter trees has been growing rapidly. The European Union (EU) has set ambitious targets for the use of renewable energy to mitigate climate change and to increase domestic energy security and self-sufficiency. The largest unutilised source for renewable energy in the EU is forest biomass. European forests could fulfill one third of the goal set for biomass-based energy production in the EU’s Biomass Action Plan. In addition, member countries have started national programmes to promote the use of biomass for energy. As a result, interest in Nordic forest energy technology has been increasing rapidly in other parts of the EU. The Finnish Forest Research Institute and its collaborators have been running a technology transfer project in ten European countries, with the goal of tailoring and adapting Nordic forest technology to local conditions through analysing the applicability, costs and overall competitiveness of selected feedstock supply technologies. This paper summarizes the findings of feasibility studies carried out in Poland and Scotland and gives an overview of the current situation and development trends of forest energy in the European Union.
Antti Asikainen; Dominik Roeser; Juha Laitila; Lauri Sikanen. Feasibility of the Nordic forest energy harvesting technology in Poland and Scotland. Biomass and Bioenergy 2011, 35, 4565 -4569.
AMA StyleAntti Asikainen, Dominik Roeser, Juha Laitila, Lauri Sikanen. Feasibility of the Nordic forest energy harvesting technology in Poland and Scotland. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2011; 35 (11):4565-4569.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntti Asikainen; Dominik Roeser; Juha Laitila; Lauri Sikanen. 2011. "Feasibility of the Nordic forest energy harvesting technology in Poland and Scotland." Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 11: 4565-4569.
Dominik Roeser; Blas Mola-Yudego; Lauri Sikanen; Robert Prinz; David Gritten; Beatrice Emer; Kari Väätäinen; Ari Erkkilä. Natural drying treatments during seasonal storage of wood for bioenergy in different European locations. Biomass and Bioenergy 2011, 35, 4238 -4247.
AMA StyleDominik Roeser, Blas Mola-Yudego, Lauri Sikanen, Robert Prinz, David Gritten, Beatrice Emer, Kari Väätäinen, Ari Erkkilä. Natural drying treatments during seasonal storage of wood for bioenergy in different European locations. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2011; 35 (10):4238-4247.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Roeser; Blas Mola-Yudego; Lauri Sikanen; Robert Prinz; David Gritten; Beatrice Emer; Kari Väätäinen; Ari Erkkilä. 2011. "Natural drying treatments during seasonal storage of wood for bioenergy in different European locations." Biomass and Bioenergy 35, no. 10: 4238-4247.