Francesca Montagnani, MD, holds a PhD in Medical Biotechnologies, section of Microbic Biotechnologies, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases. She is an Assistant Professor in Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena (Italy). Starting from 01 July 2010, she has been a medical doctor and infectious disease specialist at the Infectious and Tropical Disease Unit of the University Hospital of Siena, Italy. She works in wards and Day Hospital with inpatients and Day Service for outpatients, and she acts as an infectious diseases consultant for all the wards in the Hospital. Starting from 31 December 2008, she has been a researcher and Assistant Professor SSD MED/17 in the Medical Biotechnologies Department, Infectious Diseases section, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. She dedicated her studies primarily to antibiotic resistance, infections, and prophylaxis in immunocompromised hosts. Her research activities are documented by peer-reviewed publications and studies presented at national and international conferences. She is currently teaching Infectious Diseases in many degree courses and postgraduation medical schools.