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Dr. Narayan Bhattarai
Department of Chemical, Biological and Bioengineering, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Biocompatibility
0 Biomaterials
0 Nanofibers
0 Tissue Engineering
0 Wound healing and targeted drug delivery

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Tissue Engineering
Nanofibers
Biocompatibility
Wound healing and targeted drug delivery

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Paper
Published: 26 January 2021 in RSC Advances
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Electrohydrodynamic-assisted fabrication of novel nano-net-nanofibrous 3D-SAF hydrogel microcapsules leads to them having tunable mechanical and cell adhesive properties that are applicable to diverse biomedical fields.

ACS Style

Shanta R. Bhattarai; Sheikh Saudi; Shalil Khanal; Shyam Aravamudhan; Checo J. Rorie; Narayan Bhattarai. Electrodynamic assisted self-assembled fibrous hydrogel microcapsules: a novel 3D in vitro platform for assessment of nanoparticle toxicity. RSC Advances 2021, 11, 4921 -4934.

AMA Style

Shanta R. Bhattarai, Sheikh Saudi, Shalil Khanal, Shyam Aravamudhan, Checo J. Rorie, Narayan Bhattarai. Electrodynamic assisted self-assembled fibrous hydrogel microcapsules: a novel 3D in vitro platform for assessment of nanoparticle toxicity. RSC Advances. 2021; 11 (9):4921-4934.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shanta R. Bhattarai; Sheikh Saudi; Shalil Khanal; Shyam Aravamudhan; Checo J. Rorie; Narayan Bhattarai. 2021. "Electrodynamic assisted self-assembled fibrous hydrogel microcapsules: a novel 3D in vitro platform for assessment of nanoparticle toxicity." RSC Advances 11, no. 9: 4921-4934.

Journal article
Published: 08 December 2020 in Nanoscale
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A drug-induced nanonet-nano fiber mesh of PCL–chitosan for high entrapment capacity and extended release of hydrophilic drugs.

ACS Style

Sheikh Saudi; Shanta R. Bhattarai; Udhab Adhikari; Shalil Khanal; Jagannathan Sankar; Shyam Aravamudhan; Narayan Bhattarai. Nanonet-nano fiber electrospun mesh of PCL–chitosan for controlled and extended release of diclofenac sodium. Nanoscale 2020, 12, 23556 -23569.

AMA Style

Sheikh Saudi, Shanta R. Bhattarai, Udhab Adhikari, Shalil Khanal, Jagannathan Sankar, Shyam Aravamudhan, Narayan Bhattarai. Nanonet-nano fiber electrospun mesh of PCL–chitosan for controlled and extended release of diclofenac sodium. Nanoscale. 2020; 12 (46):23556-23569.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sheikh Saudi; Shanta R. Bhattarai; Udhab Adhikari; Shalil Khanal; Jagannathan Sankar; Shyam Aravamudhan; Narayan Bhattarai. 2020. "Nanonet-nano fiber electrospun mesh of PCL–chitosan for controlled and extended release of diclofenac sodium." Nanoscale 12, no. 46: 23556-23569.

Journal article
Published: 27 September 2019 in Scientific Reports
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Nano-in-micro (NIM) system is a promising approach to enhance the performance of devices for a wide range of applications in disease treatment and tissue regeneration. In this study, polymeric nanofibre-integrated alginate (PNA) hydrogel microcapsules were designed using NIM technology. Various ratios of cryo-ground poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanofibres (CPN) were incorporated into PNA hydrogel microcapsule. Electrostatic encapsulation method was used to incorporate living cells into the PNA microcapsules (~500 µm diameter). Human liver carcinoma cells, HepG2, were encapsulated into the microcapsules and their physio-chemical properties were studied. Morphology, stability, and chemical composition of the PNA microcapsules were analysed by light microscopy, fluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The incorporation of CPN caused no significant changes in the morphology, size, and chemical structure of PNA microcapsules in cell culture media. Among four PNA microcapsule products (PNA-0, PNA-10, PNA-30, and PNA-50 with size 489 ± 31 µm, 480 ± 40 µm, 473 ± 51 µm and 464 ± 35 µm, respectively), PNA-10 showed overall suitability for HepG2 growth with high cellular metabolic activity, indicating that the 3D PNA-10 microcapsule could be suitable to maintain better vitality and liver-specific metabolic functions. Overall, this novel design of PNA microcapsule and the one-step method of cell encapsulation can be a versatile 3D NIM system for spontaneous generation of organoids within vivolike tissue architectures, and the system can be useful for numerous biomedical applications, especially for liver tissue engineering, cell preservation, and drug toxicity study.

ACS Style

Shalil Khanal; Shanta R. Bhattarai; Jagannathan Sankar; Ramji Bhandari; Jeffrey M. Macdonald; Narayan Bhattarai. Nano-fibre Integrated Microcapsules: A Nano-in-Micro Platform for 3D Cell Culture. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Shalil Khanal, Shanta R. Bhattarai, Jagannathan Sankar, Ramji Bhandari, Jeffrey M. Macdonald, Narayan Bhattarai. Nano-fibre Integrated Microcapsules: A Nano-in-Micro Platform for 3D Cell Culture. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shalil Khanal; Shanta R. Bhattarai; Jagannathan Sankar; Ramji Bhandari; Jeffrey M. Macdonald; Narayan Bhattarai. 2019. "Nano-fibre Integrated Microcapsules: A Nano-in-Micro Platform for 3D Cell Culture." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-12.

Journal article
Published: 03 May 2019 in Acta Biomaterialia
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Magnesium (Mg) metal is of great interest in biomedical applications, especially in tissue engineering. Mg exhibits excellent in vivo biocompatibility, biodegradability and, during degradation, releases Mg ions (Mg2+) with the potential to improve tissue repair. We used electrospinning technology to incorporate Mg particles into nanofibers. Various ratios of Mg metal microparticles (< 44 µm diameter) were incorporated into nanofiber polycaprolactone (PCL) meshes. Physicochemical properties of the meshes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical tensile testing, X-ray diffractometry and UV-VIS spectrophotometry. Biological properties of meshes were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Under mammalian cell culture conditions, Mg-containing meshes released hydrogen gas and relative amounts of free Mg2+ that reflected the Mg/PCL ratios. All meshes were non-cytotoxic for 3T3 fibroblasts and PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells. In vivo implantation under the skin of mice for 3, 8 and 28 days showed that Mg-containing meshes were well vascularized with improved measures of inflammation and healing compared to meshes without Mg. Evidence included an earlier appearance and infiltration of tissue repairing macrophages and after 28 days, evidence of more mature tissue remodeling. Thus, these new composite nanofiber meshes have promising material properties that mitigated inflammatory tissue responses to PCL alone and improved tissue healing, thus providing a suitable matrix for use in clinically relevant tissue engineering applications. The biodegradable metal, magnesium, safely biodegrades in the body, releasing beneficial byproducts. To improve tissue delivery, magnesium metal particles were incorporated into electrospun nanofiber meshes composed of a biodegradable, biocompatible polymer, polycaprolactone (PCL). Magnesium addition, at several concentrations, did not alter PCL chemistry, but did alter physical properties. Under cell culture conditions, meshes released magnesium ions and hydrogen gas and were not cytotoxic for two cell types. After implantation in mice, the mesh with magnesium resulted in earlier appearance of M2-like, reparative macrophages and improved tissue healing versus mesh alone. This is in agreement with other studies showing beneficial effects of magnesium metal and provides a new type of scaffold material that will be useful in clinically relevant tissue engineering applications.

ACS Style

Udhab Adhikari; Xiaoxian An; Nava Rijal; Tracy Hopkins; Shalil Khanal; Tom Chavez; Rigwed Tatu; Jagannathan Sankar; Kevin J. Little; David B. Hom; Narayan Bhattarai; Sarah K. Pixley. Embedding magnesium metallic particles in polycaprolactone nanofiber mesh improves applicability for biomedical applications. Acta Biomaterialia 2019, 98, 215 -234.

AMA Style

Udhab Adhikari, Xiaoxian An, Nava Rijal, Tracy Hopkins, Shalil Khanal, Tom Chavez, Rigwed Tatu, Jagannathan Sankar, Kevin J. Little, David B. Hom, Narayan Bhattarai, Sarah K. Pixley. Embedding magnesium metallic particles in polycaprolactone nanofiber mesh improves applicability for biomedical applications. Acta Biomaterialia. 2019; 98 ():215-234.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Udhab Adhikari; Xiaoxian An; Nava Rijal; Tracy Hopkins; Shalil Khanal; Tom Chavez; Rigwed Tatu; Jagannathan Sankar; Kevin J. Little; David B. Hom; Narayan Bhattarai; Sarah K. Pixley. 2019. "Embedding magnesium metallic particles in polycaprolactone nanofiber mesh improves applicability for biomedical applications." Acta Biomaterialia 98, no. : 215-234.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Materials Science and Engineering: B
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ACS Style

Nava P. Rijal; Udhab Adhikari; Shalil Khanal; Devdas Pai; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. Magnesium oxide-poly(ε-caprolactone)-chitosan-based composite nanofiber for tissue engineering applications. Materials Science and Engineering: B 2018, 228, 18 -27.

AMA Style

Nava P. Rijal, Udhab Adhikari, Shalil Khanal, Devdas Pai, Jagannathan Sankar, Narayan Bhattarai. Magnesium oxide-poly(ε-caprolactone)-chitosan-based composite nanofiber for tissue engineering applications. Materials Science and Engineering: B. 2018; 228 ():18-27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nava P. Rijal; Udhab Adhikari; Shalil Khanal; Devdas Pai; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. 2018. "Magnesium oxide-poly(ε-caprolactone)-chitosan-based composite nanofiber for tissue engineering applications." Materials Science and Engineering: B 228, no. : 18-27.

Journal article
Published: 11 August 2017 in Materials
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Composite nanofibers of biopolymers and inorganic materials have been widely explored as tissue engineering scaffolds because of their superior structural, mechanical and biological properties. In this study, magnesium ferrite (Mg-ferrite) based composite nanofibers were synthesized using an electrospinning technique. Mg-ferrite nanoparticles were first synthesized using the reverse micelle method, and then blended in a mixture of polycaprolactone (PCL), a synthetic polymer, and Aloe vera, a natural polymer, to create magnetic nanofibers by electrospinning. The morphology, structural and magnetic properties, and cellular compatibility of the magnetic nanofibers were analyzed. Mg-ferrite/PCL/Aloe vera nanofibers showed good uniformity in fiber morphology, retained their structural integrity, and displayed magnetic strength. Experimental results, using cell viability assay and scanning electron microscopy imaging showed that magnetic nanofibers supported 3T3 cell viability. We believe that the new composite nanofibrous membranes developed in this study have the ability to mimic the physical structure and function of tissue extracellular matrix, as well as provide the magnetic and soluble metal ion attributes in the scaffolds with enhanced cell attachment, and thus improve tissue regeneration.

ACS Style

Zanshe Thompson; Shekh Rahman; Sergey Yarmolenko; Jagannathan Sankar; Dhananjay Kumar; Narayan Bhattarai. Fabrication and Characterization of Magnesium Ferrite-Based PCL/Aloe Vera Nanofibers. Materials 2017, 10, 937 .

AMA Style

Zanshe Thompson, Shekh Rahman, Sergey Yarmolenko, Jagannathan Sankar, Dhananjay Kumar, Narayan Bhattarai. Fabrication and Characterization of Magnesium Ferrite-Based PCL/Aloe Vera Nanofibers. Materials. 2017; 10 (8):937.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zanshe Thompson; Shekh Rahman; Sergey Yarmolenko; Jagannathan Sankar; Dhananjay Kumar; Narayan Bhattarai. 2017. "Fabrication and Characterization of Magnesium Ferrite-Based PCL/Aloe Vera Nanofibers." Materials 10, no. 8: 937.

Review
Published: 14 February 2017 in Journal of Functional Biomaterials
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Aloe vera, also referred as Aloe barbadensis Miller, is a succulent plant widely used for biomedical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Aloe vera has been used for thousands of years. However, recent significant advances have been made in the development of aloe vera for tissue engineering applications. Aloe vera has received considerable attention in tissue engineering due to its biodegradability, biocompatibility, and low toxicity properties. Aloe vera has been reported to have many biologically active components. The bioactive components of aloe vera have effective antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immune-modulatory effects that promote both tissue regeneration and growth. The aloe vera plant, its bioactive components, extraction and processing, and tissue engineering prospects are reviewed in this article. The use of aloe vera as tissue engineering scaffolds, gels, and films is discussed, with a special focus on electrospun nanofibers.

ACS Style

Shekh Rahman; Princeton Carter; Narayan Bhattarai. Aloe Vera for Tissue Engineering Applications. Journal of Functional Biomaterials 2017, 8, 6 .

AMA Style

Shekh Rahman, Princeton Carter, Narayan Bhattarai. Aloe Vera for Tissue Engineering Applications. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2017; 8 (1):6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shekh Rahman; Princeton Carter; Narayan Bhattarai. 2017. "Aloe Vera for Tissue Engineering Applications." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 8, no. 1: 6.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2016 in Bioactive Materials
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Chitosan based porous scaffolds are of great interest in biomedical applications especially in tissue engineering because of their excellent biocompatibility in vivo, controllable degradation rate and tailorable mechanical properties. This paper presents a study of the fabrication and characterization of bioactive scaffolds made of chitosan (CS), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) and magnesium gluconate (MgG). Scaffolds were fabricated by subsequent freezing-induced phase separation and lyophilization of polyelectrolyte complexes of CS, CMC and MgG. The scaffolds possess uniform porosity with highly interconnected pores of 50–250 μm size range. Compressive strengths up to 400 kPa, and elastic moduli up to 5 MPa were obtained. The scaffolds were found to remain intact, retaining their original three-dimensional frameworks while testing in in-vitro conditions. These scaffolds exhibited no cytotoxicity to 3T3 fibroblast and osteoblast cells. These observations demonstrate the efficacy of this new approach to preparing scaffold materials suitable for tissue engineering applications.

ACS Style

Udhab Adhikari; Nava P. Rijal; Shalil Khanal; Devdas Pai; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. Magnesium incorporated chitosan based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Bioactive Materials 2016, 1, 132 -139.

AMA Style

Udhab Adhikari, Nava P. Rijal, Shalil Khanal, Devdas Pai, Jagannathan Sankar, Narayan Bhattarai. Magnesium incorporated chitosan based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Bioactive Materials. 2016; 1 (2):132-139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Udhab Adhikari; Nava P. Rijal; Shalil Khanal; Devdas Pai; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. 2016. "Magnesium incorporated chitosan based scaffolds for tissue engineering applications." Bioactive Materials 1, no. 2: 132-139.

Proceedings article
Published: 11 November 2016 in Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology
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Magnesium injection is a suitable approach for replenishment of its ions (Mg++) during neural or tissue injury and stroke to avoids risks associated with abnormally low level of Mg++ in blood. In this study, alginate encapsulated magnesium sulfate microbeads were fabricated by the electrospraying technique for Mg++ delivery. Microbeads were evaluated for particle size and surface morphology using inverted optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. Average particle size of 200–500 μm for hydrated and 50–200 μm for dry beads were observed. An in vitro release study of Mg++ was performed; revealing a cumulative release of ∼50% within first 24 h. This strategy can potentially be useful for the targeted local delivery of magnesium at required concentrations and subsequently enhance the therapeutic efficacy of magnesium in treating tissue injury or stroke.

ACS Style

Shalil Khanal; Udhab Adhikari; Nava P. Rijal; Devdas Pai; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. Synthesis and Characterization of Alginate-Based Hydrogel Microbeads for Magnesium Release. Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Shalil Khanal, Udhab Adhikari, Nava P. Rijal, Devdas Pai, Jagannathan Sankar, Narayan Bhattarai. Synthesis and Characterization of Alginate-Based Hydrogel Microbeads for Magnesium Release. Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shalil Khanal; Udhab Adhikari; Nava P. Rijal; Devdas Pai; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. 2016. "Synthesis and Characterization of Alginate-Based Hydrogel Microbeads for Magnesium Release." Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 11 November 2016 in Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology
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Bone is a living tissue that constantly remodels and adapts to the stresses imposed upon it. Bone disorders are of growing concern as the median age of our population rises. Healing and recovery from fractures requires bone cells to have a 3-dimensional (3D) structural base, or scaffold, to grow out from. In addition to providing mechanical support, the scaffold, an extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly, enables the transport of nutrients and oxygen in and removal of waste materials from cells that are growing into new tissue. In this research, a 3D scaffold was synthesized with chitosan (CS), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), calcium phosphate monobasic and magnesium oxide (MgO). CS is a positiviely-charged natural bioactive polymer. It is combined with its negatively-charged derivative, CMC, to form a complex scaffold. Magnesium phosphate biocement (MgP), formed by reacting calcium phosphate monobasic and MgO, was incorporated into CMC solution before adding CS solution. Scaffolds were prepared by casting, freezing and lyophilization. The scaffolds were characterized in terms of pore microstructures, surface topography, water uptake and retention abilities, and crystal structure. The results show that the developed scaffolds exhibit highly interconnected pores and present the ideal pore size range (100–300 μm) to be morphometrically suitable for the proposed bone tissue engineering applications. These scaffolds not only mimic the nanostructured architecture and the chemical composition of natural bone tissue matrices but also serve as a source for soluble ions of magnesium (Mg++) and calcium (Ca++) that are favorable to osteoblast cells. The scaffolds thus provide a desirable microenvironment to facilitate biomineralization. These observations provide a new effective approach for preparing scaffold materials suitable for bone tissue engineering.

ACS Style

Udhab Adhikari; Nava P. Rijal; Shalil Khanal; Devdas Pai; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. Magnesium and Calcium-Containing Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Udhab Adhikari, Nava P. Rijal, Shalil Khanal, Devdas Pai, Jagannathan Sankar, Narayan Bhattarai. Magnesium and Calcium-Containing Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Udhab Adhikari; Nava P. Rijal; Shalil Khanal; Devdas Pai; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. 2016. "Magnesium and Calcium-Containing Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Regeneration." Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2016 in Journal of Functional Biomaterials
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Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based nanoparticles have gained increasing attention in delivery applications due to their capability for controlled drug release characteristics, biocompatibility, and tunable mechanical, as well as degradation, properties. However, thorough study is always required while evaluating potential toxicity of the particles from dose dumping, inconsistent release and drug-polymer interactions. In this research, we developed PLGA nanoparticles modified by chitosan (CS), a cationic and pH responsive polysaccharide that bears repetitive amine groups in its backbone. We used a model drug, diclofenac sodium (DS), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), to study the drug loading and release characteristics. PLGA nanoparticles were synthesized by double-emulsion solvent evaporation technique. The nanoparticles were evaluated based on their particle size, surface charge, entrapment efficacy, and effect of pH in drug release profile. About 390–420 nm of average diameters and uniform morphology of the particles were confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurement. Chitosan coating over PLGA surface was confirmed by FTIR and DLS. Drug entrapment efficacy was up to 52%. Chitosan coated PLGA showed a pH responsive drug release in in vitro. The release was about 45% more at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.4. The results of our study indicated the development of chitosan coating over PLGA nanoparticle for pH dependent controlled release DS drug for therapeutic applications.

ACS Style

Shalil Khanal; Udhab Adhikari; Nava P. Rijal; Shanta R. Bhattarai; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. pH-Responsive PLGA Nanoparticle for Controlled Payload Delivery of Diclofenac Sodium. Journal of Functional Biomaterials 2016, 7, 21 .

AMA Style

Shalil Khanal, Udhab Adhikari, Nava P. Rijal, Shanta R. Bhattarai, Jagannathan Sankar, Narayan Bhattarai. pH-Responsive PLGA Nanoparticle for Controlled Payload Delivery of Diclofenac Sodium. Journal of Functional Biomaterials. 2016; 7 (3):21.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shalil Khanal; Udhab Adhikari; Nava P. Rijal; Shanta R. Bhattarai; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. 2016. "pH-Responsive PLGA Nanoparticle for Controlled Payload Delivery of Diclofenac Sodium." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 7, no. 3: 21.

Articles
Published: 25 February 2016 in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition
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Synthetic grafts comprised of a porous scaffold in the size and shape of the natural tracheobronchial tree, and autologous stem cells have shown promise in the ability to restore the structure and function of a severely damaged airway system. For this specific application, the selected scaffold material should be biocompatible, elicit limited cytotoxicity, and exhibit sufficient mechanical properties. In this research, we developed composite nanofibers of polycaprolactone (PCL) and depolymerized chitosan using the electrospinning technique and assessed the properties of the fibers for its potential use as a scaffold for regenerating tracheal tissue. Water-soluble depolymerized chitosan solution was first prepared and mixed with polycaprolactone solution making it suitable for electrospinning. Morphology and chemical structure analysis were performed to confirm the structure and composition of the fibers. Mechanical testing of nanofibers demonstrated both elastic and ductile properties depending on the ratio of PCL to chitosan. To assess biological potential, porcine tracheobronchial epithelial (PTBE) cells were seeded on the nanofibers with composition ratios of PCL/chitosan: 100/0, 90/10, 80/20, and 70/30. Transwell inserts were modified with the nanofiber membrane and cells were seeded according to air–liquid interface culture techniques that mimics the conditions found in the human airways. Lactase dehydrogenase assay was carried out at different time points to determine cytotoxicity levels within PTBE cell cultures on nanofibers. This study shows that PCL/chitosan nanofiber has sufficient structural integrity and serves as a potential candidate for tracheobronchial tissue engineering.

ACS Style

Christopher Mahoney; Dawn Conklin; Jenora Waterman; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. Electrospun nanofibers of poly(ε-caprolactone)/depolymerized chitosan for respiratory tissue engineering applications. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2016, 27, 611 -625.

AMA Style

Christopher Mahoney, Dawn Conklin, Jenora Waterman, Jagannathan Sankar, Narayan Bhattarai. Electrospun nanofibers of poly(ε-caprolactone)/depolymerized chitosan for respiratory tissue engineering applications. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition. 2016; 27 (7):611-625.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christopher Mahoney; Dawn Conklin; Jenora Waterman; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. 2016. "Electrospun nanofibers of poly(ε-caprolactone)/depolymerized chitosan for respiratory tissue engineering applications." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 27, no. 7: 611-625.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2016 in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition
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Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a widely used method in dental surgical procedures that utilizes a barrier membrane to exclude migration of epithelium and ensure repopulation of periodontal ligament cells at the sites having insufficient gingiva. Commercial GTR membranes are typically composed of synthetic polymers that have had mild clinical success mostly because of their lack of proper bioactivity and appropriate degradation profile. In this study, a natural polymer, aloe vera was blended with polycaprolactone (PCL) to create nanofibrous GTR membranes by electrospinning. Aloe vera has proven anti-inflammatory properties and enhances the regeneration of periodontium tissues. PCL, a synthetic polymer, is well known to produce miscible polyblends nanofibers with natural polymers. Nanofibrous membranes with varying composition of PCL to aloe vera were fabricated, and several physicochemical and biological properties, such as fiber morphology, wettability, chemical structure, mechanical strength, and cellular compatibility of the membranes were analyzed. PCL/aloe vera membranes with ratios from 100/00 to 70/30 showed good uniformity in fiber morphology and suitable mechanical properties, and retained the integrity of their fibrous structure in aqueous solutions. Experimental results, using cell viability assay and cell attachment observation, showed that the nanofibrous membranes support 3T3 cell viability and could be a potential candidate for GTR therapy.

ACS Style

Princeton Carter; Shekh M. Rahman; Narayan Bhattarai. Facile fabrication of aloe vera containing PCL nanofibers for barrier membrane application. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2016, 27, 692 -708.

AMA Style

Princeton Carter, Shekh M. Rahman, Narayan Bhattarai. Facile fabrication of aloe vera containing PCL nanofibers for barrier membrane application. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition. 2016; 27 (7):692-708.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Princeton Carter; Shekh M. Rahman; Narayan Bhattarai. 2016. "Facile fabrication of aloe vera containing PCL nanofibers for barrier membrane application." Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 27, no. 7: 692-708.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Materials Science and Engineering: B
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ACS Style

Shekh M. Rahman; Christopher Mahoney; Jagannathan Sankar; Kacey G. Marra; Narayan Bhattarai. Synthesis and characterization of magnesium gluconate contained poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/chitosan microspheres. Materials Science and Engineering: B 2016, 203, 59 -66.

AMA Style

Shekh M. Rahman, Christopher Mahoney, Jagannathan Sankar, Kacey G. Marra, Narayan Bhattarai. Synthesis and characterization of magnesium gluconate contained poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/chitosan microspheres. Materials Science and Engineering: B. 2016; 203 ():59-66.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shekh M. Rahman; Christopher Mahoney; Jagannathan Sankar; Kacey G. Marra; Narayan Bhattarai. 2016. "Synthesis and characterization of magnesium gluconate contained poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/chitosan microspheres." Materials Science and Engineering: B 203, no. : 59-66.

Conference paper
Published: 13 November 2015 in Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering
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Bone has a remarkable ability to regenerate and heal itself when damaged. Most minor injuries heal naturally over time, but when the defects are larger, they require a substrate to support the cell growth and guide the repair process. Bone grafting is currently done by using either an autograft, where the substrate is harvested from a suitable donor site within the patient’s body; or an allograft, where the substrate is harvested from a cadaver. However, both techniques have significant drawbacks. In autografting, significant complications tend to arise from donor site morbidity. In allografting, the issues are the risk of disease transmission, and the logistical difficulties in the local or even global matching process for donor tissue. A third approach, employing tissue-engineered scaffold materials, provides superior performance by helping to restore bone tissue functions during regeneration and by subsequent resorption of the graft material as new bone tissue forms. These bioactive scaffolds are porous and made of natural materials that are capable of harboring growth factors, drugs, genes, or stem cells. The objectives of this research are to synthesize biofunctional composite scaffold materials, based on chitosan (CS) and magnesium (Mg), for use in bone regeneration and to measure their physiochemical properties. Scaffolds were fabricated from the aqueous dispersions of starting materials by subsequent freezing and phase separation by the lyophilization process. A CS solution was prepared by dissolving CS in 2 % (v/v) acetic acid solution, whereas carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) was dissolved in deionized water. The concentrations of CS and CMC (in a constant 1:1 weight ratio) ranged between 2% and 5 %. Various dry weight percentages of Mg gluconate (MgG) were added to the scaffolds by dissolving the MgG solution in the CS/CMC. SEM imaging showed the scaffolds to possess uniform porosity with a pore size distribution range of 100–150 μm. Micro CT analysis showed that the pores were distributed throughout the scaffold’s entire volume and they were highly interconnected. Compressive strengths of up to 340 kPa and compressive moduli of up to 5 MPa were obtained for these fabricated scaffolds. When introduced into a cell culture medium, these scaffolds were found to remain intact, retaining their original three-dimensional frameworks and ordered porous structures maintaining sufficient mechanical strength. These observations provide a new effective approach for preparing scaffold materials suitable for bone tissue engineering.

ACS Style

Udhab Adhikari; Nava P. Rijal; Devdas Pai; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Mg-Based Composite Scaffolds for Bone Repair Applications. Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Udhab Adhikari, Nava P. Rijal, Devdas Pai, Jagannathan Sankar, Narayan Bhattarai. Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Mg-Based Composite Scaffolds for Bone Repair Applications. Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Udhab Adhikari; Nava P. Rijal; Devdas Pai; Jagannathan Sankar; Narayan Bhattarai. 2015. "Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan-Mg-Based Composite Scaffolds for Bone Repair Applications." Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering , no. : 1.

Proceedings article
Published: 13 November 2015 in Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering
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The performance of a therapeutic drug can be optimized by controlling the rate and extent of its release in the body. Polymeric microparticles are ideal vehicles for many controlled release drug delivery applications. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is a biodegradable, biocompatible and FDA approved synthetic polymer. When PLGA based controlled release drug delivery devices are fabricated, the surface of PLGA is typically modified by other hydrophilic polymers. But some hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) can negatively influence the therapeutic outcomes. The goal of the present study was to fabricate and investigate the PLGA/chitosan microparticles for controlled release of therapeutic drugs. Chitosan is a naturally occurring biodegradable polysaccharide. We hypothesized that chitosan could be used as a surface coating of PLGA to improve controlled release of therapeutic drugs. The double emulsion solvent evaporation technique was modified and utilized to fabricate the PLGA/chitosan microparticles. The microparticles were tested with respect to several physicochemical properties, such as morphology, size distribution, chemical structure, quantification of chitosan content and in vitro release study of model drug. Magnesium is an essential electrolyte in the human body. Magnesium oxide (MgO) is used for treatment of magnesium deficiency. MgO was encapsulated in the PLGA/chitosan microparticles as a model drug.

ACS Style

Shekh Rahman; Narayan Bhattarai. Magnesium Oxide Based PLGA/Chitosan Microparticles for Controlled Release Study. Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Shekh Rahman, Narayan Bhattarai. Magnesium Oxide Based PLGA/Chitosan Microparticles for Controlled Release Study. Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shekh Rahman; Narayan Bhattarai. 2015. "Magnesium Oxide Based PLGA/Chitosan Microparticles for Controlled Release Study." Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering , no. : 1.

Proceedings article
Published: 13 November 2015 in Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering
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Recent advances in developing composite nanofibers are of great interest for scientific community due to their wide range of potential applications in biomedical engineering such as drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering and implant coatings. Here, we present a fabrication of Mg incorporated polycaprolactone/low molecular weight chitosan (PCL/LMW-CS) composite nanofiber via an electrospinning technique. PCL, a synthetic polymer, has good mechanical properties, whereas, chitosan, a natural polymer, has good bio-functional properties and good cell adhesion properties. Furthermore, magnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cation in the body and is important to metabolism. These nanofibers were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), ImageJ, and Instron Universal Testing Machine.

ACS Style

Nava P. Rijal; Udhab Adhikari; Narayan Bhattarai. Magnesium Incorporated Polycaprolactone-Based Composite Nanofibers. Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering 2015, 1 .

AMA Style

Nava P. Rijal, Udhab Adhikari, Narayan Bhattarai. Magnesium Incorporated Polycaprolactone-Based Composite Nanofibers. Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering. 2015; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nava P. Rijal; Udhab Adhikari; Narayan Bhattarai. 2015. "Magnesium Incorporated Polycaprolactone-Based Composite Nanofibers." Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 08 July 2015 in 2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition
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ACS Style

Narayan Bhattarai; Courtney Lambeth; Dhananjay Kumar; Cindy Waters; Devdas Pai; Matthew McCullough; Caroline Booth. Enhancing Undergraduate Students' Learning and Research Experiences through Hands-on Experiments in Bio-nanoengineering. 2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition 2015, 27 -27.

AMA Style

Narayan Bhattarai, Courtney Lambeth, Dhananjay Kumar, Cindy Waters, Devdas Pai, Matthew McCullough, Caroline Booth. Enhancing Undergraduate Students' Learning and Research Experiences through Hands-on Experiments in Bio-nanoengineering. 2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition. 2015; ():27-27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Narayan Bhattarai; Courtney Lambeth; Dhananjay Kumar; Cindy Waters; Devdas Pai; Matthew McCullough; Caroline Booth. 2015. "Enhancing Undergraduate Students' Learning and Research Experiences through Hands-on Experiments in Bio-nanoengineering." 2015 ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition , no. : 27-27.

Journal article
Published: 07 July 2015 in Materials
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Polymeric nanofibers are of great interest in biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing, due to their ability to mimic and restore the function of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) found in tissues. Electrospinning has been heavily used to fabricate nanofibers because of its reliability and effectiveness. In our research, we fabricated poly(ε-caprolactone)-(PCL), magnesium oxide-(MgO) and keratin (K)-based composite nanofibers by electrospinning a blend solution of PCL, MgO and/or K. The electrospun nanofibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical tensile testing and inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Nanofibers with diameters in the range of 0.2–2.2 µm were produced by using different ratios of PCL/MgO and PCL-K/MgO. These fibers showed a uniform morphology with suitable mechanical properties; ultimate tensile strength up to 3 MPa and Young’s modulus 10 MPa. The structural integrity of nanofiber mats was retained in aqueous and phosphate buffer saline (PBS) medium. This study provides a new composite material with structural and material properties suitable for potential application in tissue engineering.

ACS Style

Maame A. D. Boakye; Nava P. Rijal; Udhab Adhikari; Narayan Bhattarai. Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun PCL-MgO-Keratin-Based Composite Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications. Materials 2015, 8, 4080 -4095.

AMA Style

Maame A. D. Boakye, Nava P. Rijal, Udhab Adhikari, Narayan Bhattarai. Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun PCL-MgO-Keratin-Based Composite Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications. Materials. 2015; 8 (7):4080-4095.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maame A. D. Boakye; Nava P. Rijal; Udhab Adhikari; Narayan Bhattarai. 2015. "Fabrication and Characterization of Electrospun PCL-MgO-Keratin-Based Composite Nanofibers for Biomedical Applications." Materials 8, no. 7: 4080-4095.

Book chapter
Published: 01 January 2013 in Engineered Biomimicry
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ACS Style

Princeton Carter; Narayan Bhattarai. Bioscaffolds: Fabrication and Performance. Engineered Biomimicry 2013, 161 -188.

AMA Style

Princeton Carter, Narayan Bhattarai. Bioscaffolds: Fabrication and Performance. Engineered Biomimicry. 2013; ():161-188.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Princeton Carter; Narayan Bhattarai. 2013. "Bioscaffolds: Fabrication and Performance." Engineered Biomimicry , no. : 161-188.