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Dr. Vítor Vilar
Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM (Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials), Faculty of Engineering University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Advanced oxidation processes
0 Environmental assessment and monitoring of surface waters
0 Environmental friendly technologies for pollution control
0 Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes, ozonation, membrane filtration, sorption/biosorption, biological degradation, process integration and intensification
0 Water/waste reuse, recycling and valorisation

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Advanced oxidation processes
Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes, ozonation, membrane filtration, sorption/biosorption, biological degradation, process integration and intensification
Environmental friendly technologies for pollution control

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Journal article
Published: 17 August 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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This work highlights the performance of an ultrafiltration ceramic membrane as photocatalyst support and oxidant-catalyst/water contactor to promote sulfate radical advanced oxidation processes (SR-AOPs). Peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation mechanisms include photolysis (UVC irradiation) and chemical electron transfer (TiO2-P25 photocatalysis). The photoreactor is composed of an outer quartz tube (the “window”-radiation entrance to the reactor) and an inner tubular ceramic ultrafiltration membrane, where the catalyst particles (TiO2-P25) are immobilized on the membrane shell-side. PDS stock solution is fed by the lumen side of the membrane, delivering the oxidant to the catalyst particles and to the annular reaction zone (ARZ), being the catalyst and PDS activated by UV light. The design facilitates controlled radial slip of PDS into the catalyst surface and to concurrent water to be treated, flowing with a helix trajectory in the ARZ. Under continuous mode operation, with an UV fluence of 45 mJ cm−2 (residence time of 4.6 s), the UVC/PDS/TiO2 system showed the best removal efficiency for two specific endocrine disrupting chemicals, 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), spiked (100 μg L−1 each) in demineralized water and urban wastewater after secondary treatment.

ACS Style

Reynel M. Castellanos; Pedro H. Presumido; Márcia Dezotti; Vítor J.P. Vilar. Ultrafiltration ceramic membrane as oxidant-catalyst/water contactor to promote sulfate radical AOPs: a case study on 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol removal. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Reynel M. Castellanos, Pedro H. Presumido, Márcia Dezotti, Vítor J.P. Vilar. Ultrafiltration ceramic membrane as oxidant-catalyst/water contactor to promote sulfate radical AOPs: a case study on 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol removal. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Reynel M. Castellanos; Pedro H. Presumido; Márcia Dezotti; Vítor J.P. Vilar. 2021. "Ultrafiltration ceramic membrane as oxidant-catalyst/water contactor to promote sulfate radical AOPs: a case study on 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol removal." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2021 in Nanomaterials
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Polymeric composite films have been explored for many photocatalytic applications, from water treatment to self-cleaning devices. Their properties, namely, thickness and porosity, are controlled mainly by the preparation conditions. However, little has been discussed on the effect of thickness and porosity of polymeric composite films for photocatalytic processes, especially in gas phase. In the present study, different preparation treatments of ZnO-based polymeric composite films and their effects on its performance and stability were investigated. The polymeric composites were prepared by solution mixing followed by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS), using poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as the matrix and ZnO-based photocatalysts. Different wet thickness, photocatalyst mass, and treatments (e.g., using or not pore-forming agent and compatibilizer) were assessed. A low ZnO/PVDF ratio and higher wet thickness, together with the use of pore-forming agent and compatibilizer, proved to be a good strategy for increasing photocatalytic efficiency given the low agglomerate formation and high polymer transmittance. Nonetheless, the composites exhibited deactivation after several minutes of exposure. Characterization by XRD, FTIR-ATR, and SEM were carried out to further investigate the polymeric film treatments and stability. ZnO film was most likely deactivated due to zinc carbonate formation intensified by the polymer presence.

ACS Style

Crissie Zanrosso; Sandra Miranda; Batuira M. Da Costa Filho; Jonathan Espíndola; Diego Piazza; Vítor J. P. Vilar; Marla A. Lansarin. ZnO Polymeric Composite Films for n-Decane Removal from Air Streams in a Continuous Flow NETmix Photoreactor under UVA Light. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1983 .

AMA Style

Crissie Zanrosso, Sandra Miranda, Batuira M. Da Costa Filho, Jonathan Espíndola, Diego Piazza, Vítor J. P. Vilar, Marla A. Lansarin. ZnO Polymeric Composite Films for n-Decane Removal from Air Streams in a Continuous Flow NETmix Photoreactor under UVA Light. Nanomaterials. 2021; 11 (8):1983.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Crissie Zanrosso; Sandra Miranda; Batuira M. Da Costa Filho; Jonathan Espíndola; Diego Piazza; Vítor J. P. Vilar; Marla A. Lansarin. 2021. "ZnO Polymeric Composite Films for n-Decane Removal from Air Streams in a Continuous Flow NETmix Photoreactor under UVA Light." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8: 1983.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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This work aims to integrate several hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) activation mechanisms, photolysis (UVC irradiation), chemical electron transfer (TiO2-P25 photocatalysis), and reaction with TiO2-P25 in dark conditions, for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation towards the removal of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), in a single unit operated in continuous-flow mode. An H2O2 stock solution is fed by the lumen side of a tubular ceramic membrane, delivering the oxidant to the (i) catalyst immobilized in the membrane shell-side and (ii) annular reaction zone (ARZ, space between membrane shell-side and outer quartz tube) where CECs contaminated water flows with a helix trajectory, being activated by UV light provided by four lamps placed symmetrically around the reactor. First, the effect of several parameters in the removal of a CEC target molecule, amoxicillin (AMX), was evaluated using a synthetic solution ([AMX]inlet = 2.0 mg L-1): (i) light source (UVA or UVC radiation), (ii) H2O2 dose, (iii) H2O2 injection method (radial permeation vs. upstream injection), and (iv) number of TiO2-P25 layers deposited on the membrane. The UVC/H2O2/TiO2 system with radial addition of H2O2 (20 mg L-1) and 9-TiO2-P25 layers provided the highest AMX removal efficiency (72.2 ± 0.5%) with a UV fluence of 45 mJ cm-2 (residence time of 4.6 s), due to the synergic effect of four mechanisms: (i) AMX photolysis, (ii) H2O2 photocleavage, (iii) TiO2-P25 photoactivation, and (iv) chemical reactions between H2O2 and TiO2-P25. The urban wastewater matrix showed a negative effect on AMX removal (~44%) due to the presence of ROS scavengers and light-filtering species.

ACS Style

Alexandre Diório; Jennyfer Díaz-Angulo; Reynel M. Castellanos; Ana I. Gomes; Rosângela Bergamasco; Marcelo Fernandes Vieira; Márcia Dezotti; Miguel Angel Mueses; Fiderman Machuca-Martinez; Vítor J. P. Vilar. A tubular ceramic membrane coated with TiO2-P25 for radial addition of H2O2 towards AMX removal from synthetic solutions and secondary urban wastewater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Alexandre Diório, Jennyfer Díaz-Angulo, Reynel M. Castellanos, Ana I. Gomes, Rosângela Bergamasco, Marcelo Fernandes Vieira, Márcia Dezotti, Miguel Angel Mueses, Fiderman Machuca-Martinez, Vítor J. P. Vilar. A tubular ceramic membrane coated with TiO2-P25 for radial addition of H2O2 towards AMX removal from synthetic solutions and secondary urban wastewater. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexandre Diório; Jennyfer Díaz-Angulo; Reynel M. Castellanos; Ana I. Gomes; Rosângela Bergamasco; Marcelo Fernandes Vieira; Márcia Dezotti; Miguel Angel Mueses; Fiderman Machuca-Martinez; Vítor J. P. Vilar. 2021. "A tubular ceramic membrane coated with TiO2-P25 for radial addition of H2O2 towards AMX removal from synthetic solutions and secondary urban wastewater." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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The current work aimed to evaluate the feasibility of including ozone (O3)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), as an intermediate step, in a multistage treatment system for non-biodegradable sulphur-rich leachate from a hazardous industrial solid waste landfill (HISWL), combining chemical and biological oxidation technologies. O3-based AOPs covered perozonation (O3/H2O2), photo-assisted ozonation (O3/UVC), and photo-assisted perozonation (O3/H2O2/UVC). All O3-driven processes were applied to HISWL leachate directly after sulphur compounds removal via catalytic oxidation and chemical precipitation. Moreover, ozonation was also tested after a sequential coagulation step using ferric or aluminium salts (O3/Fe2+ or O3/Al3+), and O3/H2O2/UVC system was likewise tried after Fe-mediated coagulation targeting photo-Fenton-assisted ozonation (O3/PF). The best-performing treatment train encompassed: (i) catalytic oxidation with H2O2 (stoichiometric amount) under free pH, to convert sulphite and sulphide ions into oxidised sulphur species, including sulphate; (ii) chemical precipitation of sulphate as barite mineral without pH correction; (iii) O3/H2O2 process for ca. 2.1-h (natural pH; room temperature; 3.5 kg O3 and 1.1 kg H2O2 per m3 leachate), to degrade refractory organic matter and improve biodegradability; and (iv) biological oxidation to remove the remaining bioavailable organics fraction. This four-stage approach allowed shifting from a highly recalcitrant wastewater to an effluent in full agreement with the regulation for industrial wastewater discharge into the municipal sewer network. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the O3/H2O2 process over the dissolved organic matter transformation was corroborated by fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and size exclusion chromatography analysis.

ACS Style

Inalmar D. Barbosa Segundo; Ana I. Gomes; Bianca M. Souza-Chaves; Minkyu Park; André B. dos Santos; Rui A.R. Boaventura; Francisca C. Moreira; Tânia F.C.V. Silva; Vítor J.P. Vilar. Incorporation of ozone-driven processes in a treatment line for a leachate from a hazardous industrial waste landfill: Impact on the bio-refractory character and dissolved organic matter distribution. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 105554 .

AMA Style

Inalmar D. Barbosa Segundo, Ana I. Gomes, Bianca M. Souza-Chaves, Minkyu Park, André B. dos Santos, Rui A.R. Boaventura, Francisca C. Moreira, Tânia F.C.V. Silva, Vítor J.P. Vilar. Incorporation of ozone-driven processes in a treatment line for a leachate from a hazardous industrial waste landfill: Impact on the bio-refractory character and dissolved organic matter distribution. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (4):105554.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Inalmar D. Barbosa Segundo; Ana I. Gomes; Bianca M. Souza-Chaves; Minkyu Park; André B. dos Santos; Rui A.R. Boaventura; Francisca C. Moreira; Tânia F.C.V. Silva; Vítor J.P. Vilar. 2021. "Incorporation of ozone-driven processes in a treatment line for a leachate from a hazardous industrial waste landfill: Impact on the bio-refractory character and dissolved organic matter distribution." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 4: 105554.

Editorial
Published: 19 April 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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ACS Style

Vítor J.P. Vilar; Elisama V. Dos Santos; Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle. Advanced oxidation/reduction technologies: a perspective from Iberoamerican countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 28, 23565 -23567.

AMA Style

Vítor J.P. Vilar, Elisama V. Dos Santos, Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle. Advanced oxidation/reduction technologies: a perspective from Iberoamerican countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; 28 (19):23565-23567.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vítor J.P. Vilar; Elisama V. Dos Santos; Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle. 2021. "Advanced oxidation/reduction technologies: a perspective from Iberoamerican countries." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 19: 23565-23567.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Journal of Environmental Management
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The main goal of this work is to evaluate the usage of ozone (O3) as a pre-treatment or simultaneously combined with UVC/H2O2 process for the polishing stage treatment of real bio-treated slaughterhouse wastewater. Two different treatment strategies were tested: i) pre-ozonation of the wastewater followed by an UVC/H2O2 process (two-step treatment); ii) simultaneous application of O3/UVC/H2O2 combined process (one-step treatment). For the two-step strategy, the pre-treatment with 30 mg O3/min for 10 min reduces significantly total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity and colour, reducing light filtering effects and increasing the efficiency of the following UVC/H2O2 process. In turn, the one-step treatment strategy (O3/UVC/H2O2) allows a more efficient use of injected O3 by reducing the amount of O3 required (from 273 to 189 mg O3/Leffluent) to achieve similar mineralization levels. The real bio-treated slaughterhouse wastewater treated by O3/UVC/H2O2 process achieved final colour values of 20 Pt/Co, TSS of 35 mg/L and COD of 61 mg O2/L, allowing its direct discharge into water compartments according to European Council Directive 91/271/EEC.

ACS Style

Pello Alfonso-Muniozguren; Ana I. Gomes; Devendra Saroj; Vítor J.P. Vilar; Judy Lee. The role of ozone combined with UVC/H2O2 process for the tertiary treatment of a real slaughterhouse wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management 2021, 289, 112480 .

AMA Style

Pello Alfonso-Muniozguren, Ana I. Gomes, Devendra Saroj, Vítor J.P. Vilar, Judy Lee. The role of ozone combined with UVC/H2O2 process for the tertiary treatment of a real slaughterhouse wastewater. Journal of Environmental Management. 2021; 289 ():112480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pello Alfonso-Muniozguren; Ana I. Gomes; Devendra Saroj; Vítor J.P. Vilar; Judy Lee. 2021. "The role of ozone combined with UVC/H2O2 process for the tertiary treatment of a real slaughterhouse wastewater." Journal of Environmental Management 289, no. : 112480.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Catalysts
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The current work focused on the sunlight-driven thermo-photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2), the primary greenhouse gas, by ethane (C2H6), the second most abundant element in shale gas, aiming at the generation of ethanol (EtOH), a renewable fuel. To promote this process, a hybrid catalyst was prepared and properly characterized, comprising of strontium titanate (SrTiO3) co-doped with ruthenium oxide (RuO2) and nickel oxide (NiO). The photocatalytic activity towards EtOH production was assessed in batch-mode and at gas-phase, under the influence of different conditions: (i) dopant loading; (ii) temperature; (iii) optical radiation wavelength; (vi) consecutive uses; and (v) electron scavenger addition. From the results here obtained, it was found that: (i) the functionalization of the SrTiO3 with RuO2 and NiO allows the visible light harvest and narrows the band gap energy (ca. 14–20%); (ii) the selectivity towards EtOH depends on the presence of Ni and irradiation; (iii) the catalyst photoresponse is mainly due to the visible photons; (iv) the photocatalyst loses > 50% efficiency right after the 2nd use; (v) the reaction mechanism is based on the photogenerated electron-hole pair charge separation; and (vi) a maximum yield of 64 μmol EtOH gcat −1 was obtained after 45-min (85 μmol EtOH gcat −1 h−1) of simulated solar irradiation (1000 W m−2) at 200 °C, using 0.4 g L−1 of SrTiO3:RuO2:NiO (0.8 wt.% Ru) with [CO2]:[C2H6] and [Ru]:[Ni] molar ratios of 1:3 and 1:1, respectively. Notwithstanding, despite its exploratory nature, this study offers an alternative route to solar fuels’ synthesis from the underutilized C2H6 and CO2.

ACS Style

Larissa Paulista; Josep Albero; Ramiro Martins; Rui Boaventura; Vítor Vilar; Tânia Silva; Hermenegildo García. Turning Carbon Dioxide and Ethane into Ethanol by Solar-Driven Heterogeneous Photocatalysis over RuO2- and NiO-co-Doped SrTiO3. Catalysts 2021, 11, 461 .

AMA Style

Larissa Paulista, Josep Albero, Ramiro Martins, Rui Boaventura, Vítor Vilar, Tânia Silva, Hermenegildo García. Turning Carbon Dioxide and Ethane into Ethanol by Solar-Driven Heterogeneous Photocatalysis over RuO2- and NiO-co-Doped SrTiO3. Catalysts. 2021; 11 (4):461.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Larissa Paulista; Josep Albero; Ramiro Martins; Rui Boaventura; Vítor Vilar; Tânia Silva; Hermenegildo García. 2021. "Turning Carbon Dioxide and Ethane into Ethanol by Solar-Driven Heterogeneous Photocatalysis over RuO2- and NiO-co-Doped SrTiO3." Catalysts 11, no. 4: 461.

Editorial
Published: 01 April 2021 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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ACS Style

Vítor Jorge Vilar; Despo Fatta-Kassinos; Teik Thye (T.T.) Lim; Yunho Lee; Guilherme Luiz Dotto; Giovanni Palmisano; Xiwang Zhang; Wen Zhang; Yang Liu; Xianwei Liu. Guidelines JECE. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 105429 .

AMA Style

Vítor Jorge Vilar, Despo Fatta-Kassinos, Teik Thye (T.T.) Lim, Yunho Lee, Guilherme Luiz Dotto, Giovanni Palmisano, Xiwang Zhang, Wen Zhang, Yang Liu, Xianwei Liu. Guidelines JECE. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (4):105429.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vítor Jorge Vilar; Despo Fatta-Kassinos; Teik Thye (T.T.) Lim; Yunho Lee; Guilherme Luiz Dotto; Giovanni Palmisano; Xiwang Zhang; Wen Zhang; Yang Liu; Xianwei Liu. 2021. "Guidelines JECE." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 4: 105429.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2021 in Chemosphere
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In this study, O3 and O3/UVC processes were evaluated for the treatment of landfill leachate after biological nitrification/denitrification, coagulation, or their combinations. The O3-driven stage efficiency was assessed by the removal of color, organic matter (dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)), and biodegradability increase (Zahn-Wellens test). Also, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) and size exclusion chromatography coupled with OC detector (SEC-OCD) analyzes were carried out for each strategy. The bio-nitrified-leachate (LN) was not efficiently mineralized during the O3-driven processes since the high nitrites content consumed ozone rapidly. In turn, carbonate/bicarbonate ions impaired the oxidation of the bio-denitrified-leachate (LD), scavenging hydroxyl radicals (HO•) and inhibiting the O3 decomposition. For both bio-leachates, only O3/UVC significantly enhanced the effluent biodegradability (>70%), but COD legal compliance was not reached. EEM and SEC-OCD results revealed differences in the organic matter composition between the nitrified-coagulated-leachate (LNC) and denitrified-coagulated-leachate (LDC). Nonetheless, the amount of DOC and COD removed per gram of ozone was similar for both. Cost estimation indicates the O3-driven stage as the costliest among the treatment processes, while coagulation substantially reduced the cost of the following ozonation. Thus, the best treatment train strategy comprised LDC (with methanol addition for denitrification and coagulated with 300 mg Al3+/L, without pH adjustment), followed by O3/UVC (transferred ozone dose of 2.1 g O3/L and 12.2 kJUVC/L) and final biological oxidation, allowed legal compliance for direct discharge (for organic and nitrogen parameters) with an estimated cost of 8.9 €/m3 (O3/UVC stage counting for 6.9 €/m3).

ACS Style

Ana I. Gomes; Bianca M. Souza-Chaves; Minkyu Park; Tânia F.C.V. Silva; Rui A.R. Boaventura; Vítor J.P. Vilar. How does the pre-treatment of landfill leachate impact the performance of O3 and O3/UVC processes? Chemosphere 2021, 278, 130389 .

AMA Style

Ana I. Gomes, Bianca M. Souza-Chaves, Minkyu Park, Tânia F.C.V. Silva, Rui A.R. Boaventura, Vítor J.P. Vilar. How does the pre-treatment of landfill leachate impact the performance of O3 and O3/UVC processes? Chemosphere. 2021; 278 ():130389.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana I. Gomes; Bianca M. Souza-Chaves; Minkyu Park; Tânia F.C.V. Silva; Rui A.R. Boaventura; Vítor J.P. Vilar. 2021. "How does the pre-treatment of landfill leachate impact the performance of O3 and O3/UVC processes?" Chemosphere 278, no. : 130389.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2021 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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The current study aimed at tackling the lack of effective treatment solutions for leachates from industrial solid waste landfills (ISWLs) through the development of a treatment train for a non-hazardous ISWL (NHISWL) leachate with low/moderate content of organics and salts and low biodegradability. The following technologies were tested: (i) coagulation using ferric chloride (FeCl3) or aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3), (ii) biological oxidation, and (iii) chemical and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (AOPs/EAOPs), including photo-Fenton oxidation using ultraviolet C (UVC) or ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation (PF-UVC or PF-UVA), anodic oxidation (AO), ozonation process and ozone (O3)-based processes. The best multistage treatment strategy included: (i) coagulation with FeCl3 for partial removal of organics (with direct impact on colour, odour and turbidity removal and biodegradability enhancement) and phosphorous, (ii) PF-UVC process for recalcitrant organics oxidation (with direct impact on colour and odour removal and biodegradability enhancement) coupled to a clarification step for removal of suspended solids, turbidity, iron and phosphorous, and (iii) biological process for removal of the generated biodegradable organics and of nitrogen compounds. Upon treatment, the NHISWL leachate fulfilled European and Portuguese requirements for discharge into aquatic systems, except for ammonium (and consequently for total nitrogen), pointing to the need to change the biological process conditions or add an air stripping step. The application of coagulation before the PF-UVC process has proved to be crucial for the fulfilment of the legislation requirements.

ACS Style

Inalmar D. Barbosa Segundo; Ramiro J.E. Martins; Rui A.R. Boaventura; Tânia F.C.V. Silva; Francisca C. Moreira; Vítor J.P. Vilar. Finding a suitable treatment solution for a leachate from a non-hazardous industrial solid waste landfill. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 105168 .

AMA Style

Inalmar D. Barbosa Segundo, Ramiro J.E. Martins, Rui A.R. Boaventura, Tânia F.C.V. Silva, Francisca C. Moreira, Vítor J.P. Vilar. Finding a suitable treatment solution for a leachate from a non-hazardous industrial solid waste landfill. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (2):105168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Inalmar D. Barbosa Segundo; Ramiro J.E. Martins; Rui A.R. Boaventura; Tânia F.C.V. Silva; Francisca C. Moreira; Vítor J.P. Vilar. 2021. "Finding a suitable treatment solution for a leachate from a non-hazardous industrial solid waste landfill." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 2: 105168.

Journal article
Published: 27 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Humanity is facing some major global threats, namely lack of environmental sustainability, the energy crisis associated with the unsustainable reliance on fossil fuels, and water scarcity, which will be exacerbated with the rapid growth of urban areas. Researchers have drawn their attention to microalgae, photosynthetic microorganisms known for their environmental applications, such as wastewater remediation and lipids accumulation, to produce third-generation biofuels to solve some of these major issues. Considering this dual role, this study evaluated the potential of the microalga Chlorella vulgaris on nutrient removal from a paper industry effluent and bioenergy production. Firstly, experiments were performed to assess the potential of this microalga to: (i) successfully grow in different concentrations of a paper industry effluent (20% to 100%); and (ii) treat the industrial effluent, reducing phosphorus concentrations to values below the accepted legal limits. Then, a techno-economic assessment was performed to study the viability of a C. vulgaris biorefinery targeting the remediation of a paper industry effluent and bioenergy production. The results have shown that C. vulgaris was able to successfully grow and treat the paper industry effluent. Under these conditions, average biomass productivities determined for this microalga ranged between 15.5 ± 0.5 and 26 ± 1 mg dry weight (DW) L−1 d−1, with maximum biomass concentrations reaching values between 337 ± 9 and 495 ± 25 mg DW L−1 d−1. Moreover, final phosphorus concentrations ranged between 0.12 ± 0.01 and 0.5 ± 0.3 mg P L−1, values below the legal limits imposed by the Portuguese Environment Agency on the paper industry. Regarding the proposal of a microalgal biorefinery for the bioremediation of paper industry effluents with bioenergy production, the techno-economic study demonstrated that six of the seven studied scenarios resulted in an economically-viable infrastructure. The highest net present value (15.4 million euros) and lowest discounted payback period (13 years) were determined for Scenario 3, which assumed a photosynthetic efficiency of 3%, a lipids extraction efficiency of 75%, and an anaerobic digestion efficiency of 45%. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that besides being economically viable, the proposed biorefinery presents several environmental benefits: (i) the remediation of an industrial effluent; (ii) CO2 uptake for microalgal growth, which contributes to a reduction in greenhouse gases emissions; (iii) production of clean and renewable energy; (iv) soil regeneration; and (v) promotion of a circular economy.

ACS Style

Maria Silva; Ana Gonçalves; Vítor Vilar; José Pires. Experimental and Techno-Economic Study on the Use of Microalgae for Paper Industry Effluents Remediation. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1314 .

AMA Style

Maria Silva, Ana Gonçalves, Vítor Vilar, José Pires. Experimental and Techno-Economic Study on the Use of Microalgae for Paper Industry Effluents Remediation. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1314.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Silva; Ana Gonçalves; Vítor Vilar; José Pires. 2021. "Experimental and Techno-Economic Study on the Use of Microalgae for Paper Industry Effluents Remediation." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1314.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2021 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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The main goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the innovative FluHelik photoreactor for the removal of antimicrobial drugs at residual concentrations using a photochemical UVC/H2O2 process. Experiment studies were performed using either pure water (PW) or secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant (EW) fortified with gatifloxacin (GAT) (100 µg L−1) as a model antimicrobial contaminant. Initially, the efficiency of the UVC/H2O2 process towards GAT removal as a function of UVC lamp power (4–11 W), H2O2 dose (25–200 mg L−1), flow rate (20–180 L h−1), flow mode (single vs multiple pass) and matrix (PW or EW) was assessed. Afterwards, the system efficiency was evaluated according to engineering features such as association of reactors in series and scale-up design. The performance of the FluHelik reactor was quantitatively measured through the use of a figure-of-merit, photochemical space-time yield (PSTY), that encompasses the three main contributing factors in UVC/H2O2 systems (i.e. throughput, energy efficiency and photochemical oxidation). In this context, FluHelik scale-up to pre-pilot scale proved to be feasible as similar PSTY values were obtained at both scales for assays performed with EW. In addition, the pre-pilot scale system was able to degrade all pharmaceutical compounds originally detectable in the EW matrix, reducing their concentrations to values below limit of detection. Finally, in order to test whether the treated solution might develop antibiotic resistance when in the environment, antimicrobial activity assays using bacterial cultures of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were investigated. The antimicrobial activity in the solutions dropped as the reaction time increased.

ACS Style

Jonathan C. Espíndola; Marlon Caianelo; Nazareno Scaccia; Caio Rodrigues-Silva; José R. Guimarães; Vítor J.P. Vilar. Trace organic contaminants removal from municipal wastewater using the FluHelik reactor: From laboratory-scale to pre-pilot scale. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2021, 9, 105060 .

AMA Style

Jonathan C. Espíndola, Marlon Caianelo, Nazareno Scaccia, Caio Rodrigues-Silva, José R. Guimarães, Vítor J.P. Vilar. Trace organic contaminants removal from municipal wastewater using the FluHelik reactor: From laboratory-scale to pre-pilot scale. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2021; 9 (2):105060.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jonathan C. Espíndola; Marlon Caianelo; Nazareno Scaccia; Caio Rodrigues-Silva; José R. Guimarães; Vítor J.P. Vilar. 2021. "Trace organic contaminants removal from municipal wastewater using the FluHelik reactor: From laboratory-scale to pre-pilot scale." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 2: 105060.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Water Research
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This work proposes a tube-in-tube membrane photoreactor, operated in a continuous-mode, to boost the efficiency of peroxydisulfate (PDS), through the photolytic (UV-C radiation) and photocatalytic (TiO2-P25) processes. This new technology can efficiently facilitate the transportation of PDS to the catalyst surface and water to be treated. The ultrafiltration tubular ceramic membrane was used as support for the TiO2-P25 and oxidant-catalyst/water contactor. Tests were performed using a synthetic solution and a municipal secondary effluent, both spiked with a pharmaceutical mix solution (paracetamol (PCT), furosemide (FRS), nimesulide (NMD), and diazepam (DZP); 200 μg L−1 of each). At steady-state regime, the UVC/S2O82−/TiO2 system, with radial PDS addition, showed the highest removal of pharmaceuticals in both matrices. Furthermore, twenty-two transformation products (TPs) were identified by applying LC-QTOF MS technique. Hence, the transformation pathways including hydroxylation in aromatic moiety by an electrophilic attack, electron transfer reactions, cleavage of C−O, C−N bond, H−abstraction and ring opening were proposed. TPs chemical structures were evaluated by in silico (Q)SAR approach using TOXTREE and EPI Suite™ software.

ACS Style

Elisabeth Cuervo Lumbaque; Diogo S. Lüdtke; Dionysios D. Dionysiou; Vítor J.P. Vilar; Carla Sirtori. Tube-in-tube membrane photoreactor as a new technology to boost sulfate radical advanced oxidation processes. Water Research 2021, 191, 116815 .

AMA Style

Elisabeth Cuervo Lumbaque, Diogo S. Lüdtke, Dionysios D. Dionysiou, Vítor J.P. Vilar, Carla Sirtori. Tube-in-tube membrane photoreactor as a new technology to boost sulfate radical advanced oxidation processes. Water Research. 2021; 191 ():116815.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabeth Cuervo Lumbaque; Diogo S. Lüdtke; Dionysios D. Dionysiou; Vítor J.P. Vilar; Carla Sirtori. 2021. "Tube-in-tube membrane photoreactor as a new technology to boost sulfate radical advanced oxidation processes." Water Research 191, no. : 116815.

Journal article
Published: 29 December 2020 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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In this study, cork granules, 100% natural and sustainable, were used as effective electron donors for hexavalent chromium reduction to its trivalent form, through the oxidation of cork surface, and as binder of positively charged trivalent chromium species. Cr(VI) reduction and total chromium removal was evaluated as function of solution pH, cork dose, initial Cr(VI) concentration and temperature. Cr(VI) reduction rate was found strongly dependent on the solution pH and the optimum value for total chromium removal was 3.0. The amount of equivalent organic compounds per unit gram of cork granules able to reduce Cr(VI) was found as 4.2 mmol/g (i.e. 1 g of cork granules is able to reduce 4.2 mmol of Cr(VI)). Cork granules oxidation during Cr(VI) reduction generates binding sites for Cr(III) uptake (1 g of cork is able to bind up to 18 ± 4 mmol of Cr(III)). The activation energy obtained for Cr(VI) reduction by cork granules was 51 ± 2 kJ/mol. A mathematical model based on phenomenological principles using conservation, equilibrium and transport kinetic equations was developed to describe the integrated process for hexavalent chromium removal.

ACS Style

Diego Todescato; Diego A. Mayer; Maria Alice P. Cechinel; Fabíola V. Hackbarth; Antônio Augusto U. de Souza; Selene M.A. Guelli U. de Souza; Vítor J.P. Vilar. Cork granules as electron donor in integrated reduction/oxidation and sorption processes for hexavalent chromium removal from synthetic aqueous solution. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2020, 9, 105001 .

AMA Style

Diego Todescato, Diego A. Mayer, Maria Alice P. Cechinel, Fabíola V. Hackbarth, Antônio Augusto U. de Souza, Selene M.A. Guelli U. de Souza, Vítor J.P. Vilar. Cork granules as electron donor in integrated reduction/oxidation and sorption processes for hexavalent chromium removal from synthetic aqueous solution. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2020; 9 (1):105001.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diego Todescato; Diego A. Mayer; Maria Alice P. Cechinel; Fabíola V. Hackbarth; Antônio Augusto U. de Souza; Selene M.A. Guelli U. de Souza; Vítor J.P. Vilar. 2020. "Cork granules as electron donor in integrated reduction/oxidation and sorption processes for hexavalent chromium removal from synthetic aqueous solution." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 9, no. 1: 105001.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2020 in Materials
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This study aims to investigate the applicability of a hybrid electrochemical sensor composed of cork and graphite (Gr) for detecting caffeine in aqueous solutions. Raw cork (RAC) and regranulated cork (RGC, obtained by thermal treatment of RAC with steam at 380 °C) were tested as modifiers. The results clearly showed that the cork-graphite sensors, GrRAC and GrRGC, exhibited a linear response over a wide range of caffeine concentration (5–1000 µM), with R2 of 0.99 and 0.98, respectively. The limits of detection (LOD), estimated at 2.9 and 6.1 µM for GrRAC and GrRGC, suggest greater sensitivity and reproducibility than the unmodified conventional graphite sensor. The low-cost cork-graphite sensors were successfully applied in the determination of caffeine in soft drinks and pharmaceutical formulations, presenting well-defined current signals when analyzing real samples. When comparing electrochemical determinations and high performance liquid chromatography measurements, no significant differences were observed (mean accuracy 3.0%), highlighting the potential use of these sensors to determine caffeine in different samples.

ACS Style

Mayra K. S. Monteiro; Djalma R. Da Silva; Marco A. Quiroz; Vítor J. P. Vilar; Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle; Elisama V. Dos Santos. Applicability of Cork as Novel Modifiers to Develop Electrochemical Sensor for Caffeine Determination. Materials 2020, 14, 37 .

AMA Style

Mayra K. S. Monteiro, Djalma R. Da Silva, Marco A. Quiroz, Vítor J. P. Vilar, Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle, Elisama V. Dos Santos. Applicability of Cork as Novel Modifiers to Develop Electrochemical Sensor for Caffeine Determination. Materials. 2020; 14 (1):37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mayra K. S. Monteiro; Djalma R. Da Silva; Marco A. Quiroz; Vítor J. P. Vilar; Carlos A. Martínez-Huitle; Elisama V. Dos Santos. 2020. "Applicability of Cork as Novel Modifiers to Develop Electrochemical Sensor for Caffeine Determination." Materials 14, no. 1: 37.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2020 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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Leachates treatment relies on the adoption of a multi-barrier strategy, involving primary, secondary, and tertiary processes. Due to their ability to grow in a wide variety of environmental conditions, and their nutritional requirements, especially in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus, microalgae appear as a promising alternative for the tertiary treatment of landfill leachates. Despite these advantages, only a few studies have promoted landfill leachates treatment using microalgae, most of them emphasizing the need for effluent dilution in water to minimize the toxicity and high color/turbidity of these effluents. An option to avoid the use of freshwater for effluent dilution would be the development of novel photobioreactors (PBRs), able to improve light absorption and, hence, light utilization efficiency by microalgae. This study evaluated the potential of Chlorella vulgaris and Tetradesmus obliquus on nitrogen (in the forms of nitrate and nitrite) removal from a pre-treated landfill leachate. Preliminary experiments using different concentrations of the pre-treated leachate were carried out in 1-L flasks. These results have shown that microalgal growth and nitrogen removal were higher in more diluted conditions. After selection of the adequate effluent concentration, a tubular PBR coupled to an optical reflector was used for biomass production. This innovative PBR is known to improve light distribution along the tube perimeter, enhancing microalgal photosynthetic activity. In fact, a significant improvement in C. vulgaris biomass productivities and nitrogen species removal efficiencies was observed in this PBR, confirming its potential as an effective platform for microalgal biomass production and tertiary treatment of landfill leachates.

ACS Style

Bruna Porto; Ana L. Gonçalves; Ana F. Esteves; Selene M.A. Guelli U. de Souza; Antônio A.U. de Souza; Vítor J.P. Vilar; José C.M. Pires. Assessing the potential of microalgae for nutrients removal from a landfill leachate using an innovative tubular photobioreactor. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020, 413, 127546 .

AMA Style

Bruna Porto, Ana L. Gonçalves, Ana F. Esteves, Selene M.A. Guelli U. de Souza, Antônio A.U. de Souza, Vítor J.P. Vilar, José C.M. Pires. Assessing the potential of microalgae for nutrients removal from a landfill leachate using an innovative tubular photobioreactor. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2020; 413 ():127546.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bruna Porto; Ana L. Gonçalves; Ana F. Esteves; Selene M.A. Guelli U. de Souza; Antônio A.U. de Souza; Vítor J.P. Vilar; José C.M. Pires. 2020. "Assessing the potential of microalgae for nutrients removal from a landfill leachate using an innovative tubular photobioreactor." Chemical Engineering Journal 413, no. : 127546.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2020 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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This manuscript reports the preparation of a large area (84 cm2) desalination membrane based on multilayers (11 nm thickness) of B,N-codoped defective graphene. The process consists of coating a porous ceramic α-Al2O3 support (100 nm pore size) with a continuous nanometric (50 nm) chitosan film containing adsorbed (NH4)3BO3. Subsequent pyrolysis in the presence of hydrogen converts chitosan into multilayer defective B,N-codoped graphene. The partial removal of B and N dopant atoms by H2 during the pyrolysis causes the generation of subnanometric pores due to atom vacancy, as determined by control experiments in the absence of this gas. A NaCl and KCl removal efficiency from brackish water higher than 95% for a permeate flux of 24.3 L m−2 h−1 at 10 bars were achieved.

ACS Style

Pedro H. Presumido; Ana Primo; Vítor J.P. Vilar; Hermenegildo Garcia. Large area continuous multilayer graphene membrane for water desalination. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020, 413, 127510 .

AMA Style

Pedro H. Presumido, Ana Primo, Vítor J.P. Vilar, Hermenegildo Garcia. Large area continuous multilayer graphene membrane for water desalination. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2020; 413 ():127510.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro H. Presumido; Ana Primo; Vítor J.P. Vilar; Hermenegildo Garcia. 2020. "Large area continuous multilayer graphene membrane for water desalination." Chemical Engineering Journal 413, no. : 127510.

Journal article
Published: 08 September 2020 in Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering
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This study focuses on the radiation modelling and evaluation of the efficiencies in series regarding the NETmix photocatalytic reactor, using As(III) oxidation to As(V) as a model reaction. The performance of the NETmix reactor was evaluated using two configurations: front-side (FSI) and back-side (BSI) illumination. A CFD radiation modelling for the two configurations was complemented and analyzed with the concept of efficiencies in series. The outer geometrical, the inner geometrical, and the reaction photonic efficiency were considered and their contribution to the overall reactor performance was assessed. The reaction photonic efficiency was obtained through the experimental results of the As(III) oxidation under microscale illumination (UVA-LEDs), using catalyst thin-films (TiO2-P25) with different thickness in both reactor configurations. In a BSI mechanism, 71% of the catalytic area is subject to a radiation flux between 250 and 450 W m-2, while in the case of a FSI mechanism, 70% of the surface is illuminated with flux between 0 and 300 W m-2. In other words, even though FSI has a larger catalytic surface area (from 55.4 to 167.3 cm2 for BSI and FSI, respectively), it is worse or less illuminated since most of it corresponds to lateral walls. Along with the reaction photonic efficiency, it was possible to obtain a 2-fold increase in the global efficiency factor when FSI mechanism is used. Hence, the concept of efficiencies in series applied to radiation modelling allowed the identification of the main factors that influence the global reactor performance.

ACS Style

Claudio Passalía; Marina Flores; Sara G.S. Santos; Larissa O. Paulista; Marisol D. Labas; Vítor J.P. Vilar; Rodolfo J. Brandi. Radiation modelling in the NETmix photocatalytic reactor: The concept of efficiencies in series. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 2020, 8, 104464 .

AMA Style

Claudio Passalía, Marina Flores, Sara G.S. Santos, Larissa O. Paulista, Marisol D. Labas, Vítor J.P. Vilar, Rodolfo J. Brandi. Radiation modelling in the NETmix photocatalytic reactor: The concept of efficiencies in series. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2020; 8 (6):104464.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Claudio Passalía; Marina Flores; Sara G.S. Santos; Larissa O. Paulista; Marisol D. Labas; Vítor J.P. Vilar; Rodolfo J. Brandi. 2020. "Radiation modelling in the NETmix photocatalytic reactor: The concept of efficiencies in series." Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 8, no. 6: 104464.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2020 in Chemosphere
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This study focuses on the influence of major dissolved constituents naturally found in waters intended for human consumption on bromate (BrO3−) reduction by heterogeneous photocatalysis. The individual and combined effect of chloride (Cl−), bicarbonate/carbonic acid (HCO3−/H2CO3), nitrate (NO3−), sulphate (SO42−) and humic acids (HAs) on BrO3− reduction was evaluated in synthetic waters (SWs). Additionally, freshwaters (FWs) from a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) were tested and directly compared to SWs. Cl− was beneficial for contents in the range 0.47-1.4 mM, with negligible influence for lower and higher contents. NO3− had a null effect regardless of its content (0.024-0.81 mM). HCO3−/H2CO3 (0.061/0.45 mM), SO42− (0.12-2.6 mM) and HAs (0.11-1.0 mM C) had a negative effect in the tested contents. The BrO3− reduction rate was 2.8 times lower in SW with a mixture of water constituents compared to SW without constituents addition. This decline on BrO3− reduction rate corresponded to the sum of the individual species contribution and so there was no evidence of synergetic effects. By contrast, the use of FWs provided BrO3− reduction rates only slightly lower than that found for SW without constituents addition (∼1.2-fold), which can be attributed to: (i) the distinct characteristics of the organic matter of FWs (HAs, fulvic acids and humins with distinct molecular weights and functional groups) compared to that of SW (pure HAs), and/or (ii) the presence in FWs of other inorganics in addition to those here addressed. The heterogeneous TiO2 photocatalysis proved to be a promising process for BrO3− reduction in DWTPs.

ACS Style

Daniela F.S. Morais; Rui A.R. Boaventura; Francisca C. Moreira; Vítor J.P. Vilar. Bromate removal from water intended for human consumption by heterogeneous photocatalysis: Effect of major dissolved water constituents. Chemosphere 2020, 263, 128111 .

AMA Style

Daniela F.S. Morais, Rui A.R. Boaventura, Francisca C. Moreira, Vítor J.P. Vilar. Bromate removal from water intended for human consumption by heterogeneous photocatalysis: Effect of major dissolved water constituents. Chemosphere. 2020; 263 ():128111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela F.S. Morais; Rui A.R. Boaventura; Francisca C. Moreira; Vítor J.P. Vilar. 2020. "Bromate removal from water intended for human consumption by heterogeneous photocatalysis: Effect of major dissolved water constituents." Chemosphere 263, no. : 128111.

Journal article
Published: 24 August 2020 in Chemosphere
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This work presents a disruptive approach to promote highly-efficient photo-Fenton process at neutral pH under continuous mode operation. The system consists of a tube-in-tube membrane reactor designed for continuous-flow titration of low iron doses to the annular reaction zone (ARZ). A concentrated acidic ferrous ion (Fe2+) solution is fed by the lumen-side of the membrane, permeating through the membrane pores (inside-out mode), being dosed and uniformly delivered to the membrane shell-side. Polluted water, containing amoxicillin (AMX) and oxidant (H2O2), flows continuously in the reactor annulus (space between the membrane shell-side and an outer quartz tube). The catalyst radial dispersion is enhanced by the helicoidal movement of water around the membrane shell-side, efficiently promoting its contact with H2O2 and UV light. The efficiency of photochemical and photocatalytic oxidation was evaluated as a function of catalyst dose, catalyst injection mode (radial permeation vs injection upstream from the reactor inlet), light source (UVA vs UVC) and aqueous solution matrix (synthetic vs real wastewater). At steady-state, photo-Fenton reaction with Fe2+ radial addition, driven by UVC light, showed the highest AMX removal for synthetic (∼65%, removal rate of 44 μMAMX/min, using [Fe2+]ARZ = 2 mg/L and [H2O2]inlet = 10 mg/L) and real municipal wastewaters (∼45%, removal rate of 31 μMAMX/min, with [Fe2+]ARZ = 5 mg/L and [H2O2]inlet = 40 mg/L), with a residence time of only 4.6 seconds.

ACS Style

Jennyfer Díaz-Angulo; Salvador Cotillas; Ana I. Gomes; Sandra M. Miranda; Miguel Mueses; Fiderman Machuca-Martínez; Manuel A. Rodrigo; Rui A.R. Boaventura; Vítor J.P. Vilar. A tube-in-tube membrane microreactor for tertiary treatment of urban wastewaters by photo-Fenton at neutral pH: A proof of concept. Chemosphere 2020, 263, 128049 .

AMA Style

Jennyfer Díaz-Angulo, Salvador Cotillas, Ana I. Gomes, Sandra M. Miranda, Miguel Mueses, Fiderman Machuca-Martínez, Manuel A. Rodrigo, Rui A.R. Boaventura, Vítor J.P. Vilar. A tube-in-tube membrane microreactor for tertiary treatment of urban wastewaters by photo-Fenton at neutral pH: A proof of concept. Chemosphere. 2020; 263 ():128049.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jennyfer Díaz-Angulo; Salvador Cotillas; Ana I. Gomes; Sandra M. Miranda; Miguel Mueses; Fiderman Machuca-Martínez; Manuel A. Rodrigo; Rui A.R. Boaventura; Vítor J.P. Vilar. 2020. "A tube-in-tube membrane microreactor for tertiary treatment of urban wastewaters by photo-Fenton at neutral pH: A proof of concept." Chemosphere 263, no. : 128049.