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Chengjin Wang
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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Journal article
Published: 03 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Special functional areas and poor areas tend to spatially overlap, and poverty is a common feature of both. Special poor areas, taken as a kind of “policy space,” have attracted the interest of researchers and policymakers around the world. This study proposes a basic concept of special poor areas and uses this concept to develop a method to identify them. Poor counties in China are taken as the basic research unit and overlaps in spatial attributes including old revolutionary bases, borders, ecological degradation, and ethnic minorities, are used to identify special poor areas. The authors then analyze their basic quantitative structure and pattern of distribution to determine the geographical bases’ formation and development. The results show that 304 counties in China, covering a vast territory of 12 contiguous areas that contain a small population, are lagging behind the rest of the country. These areas are characterized by rich energy and resource endowments, important ecological functions, special historical status, and concentrated poverty. They are considered “special poor” for geographical reasons such as a relatively harsh natural geographical environment, remote location, deteriorating ecological environment, and an inadequate infrastructure network and public service system. Some areas suffer from underdevelopment and even lack the infrastructure for basic living. In order to prevent further deterioration of the economic, social, and ecological environments in these areas, targeted policies need to be implemented.

ACS Style

Xin Xu; Chengjin Wang; Shiping Ma; Wenzhong Zhang. China’s Special Poor Areas and Their Geographical Conditions. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8636 .

AMA Style

Xin Xu, Chengjin Wang, Shiping Ma, Wenzhong Zhang. China’s Special Poor Areas and Their Geographical Conditions. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8636.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Xu; Chengjin Wang; Shiping Ma; Wenzhong Zhang. 2021. "China’s Special Poor Areas and Their Geographical Conditions." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8636.

Research article
Published: 06 December 2020 in Maritime Policy & Management
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Affected by climate and natural conditions, cruise activities have obvious seasonal characteristics. For a cruise ship, seasonality consists of the systematic, although not necessarily regular, movement of a cruise ship in a selected time. To examine more specifically the natural factors of the seasonal characteristics from a microscopic perspective, we construct month-temperature, quarter-season, and year-climate zone, a seasonal analysis framework in two dimensions of space and time and using a single world cruise ship named Queen Elizabeth (QE) as the case. Comparing the characteristics of the trajectory network with the seasonal factors, we find the cruise ship tend to voyage in a stable temperature range of 10°C–20°C, flee the winter and catch up with the summer and spring, and mainly stay in the temperature maritime climate zone, the subtropical monsoon humid climate zone, and the Mediterranean climate zone to form several branch network. Finally, the academic and practical implications of the research findings for seasonal management and itinerary choice are elaborated from the supply-side and demand-side.

ACS Style

Xumao Li; Chengjin Wang; César Ducruet. Cruise trajectory network and seasonality: empirical evidence from Queen Elizabeth cruise. Maritime Policy & Management 2020, 48, 283 -298.

AMA Style

Xumao Li, Chengjin Wang, César Ducruet. Cruise trajectory network and seasonality: empirical evidence from Queen Elizabeth cruise. Maritime Policy & Management. 2020; 48 (2):283-298.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xumao Li; Chengjin Wang; César Ducruet. 2020. "Cruise trajectory network and seasonality: empirical evidence from Queen Elizabeth cruise." Maritime Policy & Management 48, no. 2: 283-298.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2020 in Sustainability
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Cruise tourism is an obviously global industry in different dimensions. From a geographical perspective, cruise ships are mobile and capable of being repositioned at a company’s notice, which forms the inherent basis for its global spatial layout. As a branch of the cruise industry, the world cruise is clearly globalizing in geographical space by offering long itinerary, even round-the-world trips, for everyone. Using the schedule data from 2018 to 2019, this paper analyzes the spatial characteristics of the itinerary and port organization of Cunard, a world cruise company. We find that the itinerary distribution and port organization of Cunard are both globalization and regionalization, and the latter is the core and main component of the former. Under the influence of the COVID-19 epidemic, the global mobility of cruises has ground to a halt, while local mobility offers the possibility of its resumption as soon as possible. Turning to the regional voyage with the shorter and simple itinerary is feasible for Cunard and other world cruises, which is conducive to the realization of the resuming voyage as soon as possible. Moreover, strict boarding and safety onboard are essential.

ACS Style

Xumao Li; Chengjin Wang; César Ducruet. Globalization and Regionalization: Empirical Evidence from Itinerary Structure and Port Organization of World Cruise of Cunard. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7893 .

AMA Style

Xumao Li, Chengjin Wang, César Ducruet. Globalization and Regionalization: Empirical Evidence from Itinerary Structure and Port Organization of World Cruise of Cunard. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):7893.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xumao Li; Chengjin Wang; César Ducruet. 2020. "Globalization and Regionalization: Empirical Evidence from Itinerary Structure and Port Organization of World Cruise of Cunard." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 7893.

Article
Published: 13 July 2020 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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The railway is an indispensable feature of a nation’s infrastructure, and the gauge is an internal and objective technical regulation of the railway. In the large-scale regional space, the track gauges reflect the development differences, historical relations and mutual influences between countries and regions. This makes the railway, originally as a regional connection, have special social, political, military and other multiple attributes. Based on this, the paper, from the perspective of railway gauge, takes the Eurasian continent as the case region to explore the spatial pattern, formation mechanism and organizational mode of communication of the Eurasian continental railway geo-system. The results show that 11 kinds of railway gauge structures exist in Eurasia, which respectively belong to three types of wide-gauge, standard-gauge, and narrow-gauge, but the mainstream gauge only includes 1520 mm, 1435 mm and 1067 mm. Considerable variation in the coverage length and space range of different gauges is apparent, which provides a physical and technological basis for railway system differentiation and network fragmentation, which leads to the formation of eight railway geo-systems. Due to different modes for railway transport management in different geographical locations, the geographical pattern and geographical relationship of four transport organizations are formed. What especially important is the emergence of “1435 gauge space” and “1520 gauge space”, as well as the railway geo-space confrontation between them, on the Eurasian continent. Besides, we also find that the railway geo-system of Eurasia is mainly affected by the technology dissemination, path dependence, geopolitics, national defense and the colonial expansion of military latitude, and on this basis, five geo-modes of railway gauge propagation are formed.

ACS Style

Chengjin Wang; Xumao Li; Peiran Chen; Yongshun Xie; Weidong Liu. Spatial pattern and developing mechanism of railway geo-systems based on track gauge: A case study of Eurasia. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2020, 30, 1283 -1306.

AMA Style

Chengjin Wang, Xumao Li, Peiran Chen, Yongshun Xie, Weidong Liu. Spatial pattern and developing mechanism of railway geo-systems based on track gauge: A case study of Eurasia. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2020; 30 (8):1283-1306.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengjin Wang; Xumao Li; Peiran Chen; Yongshun Xie; Weidong Liu. 2020. "Spatial pattern and developing mechanism of railway geo-systems based on track gauge: A case study of Eurasia." Journal of Geographical Sciences 30, no. 8: 1283-1306.

Article
Published: 28 February 2018 in Journal of Geographical Sciences
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Coal is a basic resource and its use guarantees the development of national economies and human society. Thus, coal transportation is an important part of China’s overall transportation system. In this system, ports are the vital transit nodes. This study considered coastal ports in China and analysed the evolution of coal transportation from 1973 to 2013. We focused on the spatial pattern of coal loading and unloading, and summarized the main characteristics and development of the processes. Then, we examined the volumes of coal transported and regional changes in these amounts using mathematical models and indicators. Finally, we analysed the specialized function and spatial differentiation of the ports involved in coal transportation to reveal their spatial relationship and temporal evolution. We found that the spatial pattern of coal transportation changed from “south input and north output” to “all input and north output”. However, the prominent ports used for coal unloading are still concentrated in areas south of the Yangtze River. Coal loading is concentrated on the west bank of Bohai Bay. In addition, some ports around Bohai Bay, such as Dandong, Dalian, Yantai, and Qingdao, changed from traditional coal loading ports to unloading ports. This study further developed the theory of transport geography, and improved our understanding of China’s coal transportation system.

ACS Style

Wei Wang; Chengjin Wang; Fengjun Jin. Spatial evolution of coal transportation at coastal ports in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018, 28, 238 -256.

AMA Style

Wei Wang, Chengjin Wang, Fengjun Jin. Spatial evolution of coal transportation at coastal ports in China. Journal of Geographical Sciences. 2018; 28 (2):238-256.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Wang; Chengjin Wang; Fengjun Jin. 2018. "Spatial evolution of coal transportation at coastal ports in China." Journal of Geographical Sciences 28, no. 2: 238-256.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2017 in Sustainability
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Functional structure is an important part of a port system, and can reflect the resource endowments and economic development needs of the hinterland. In this study, we investigated the transportation function of coastal ports in China from the perspective of cargo structure using a similarity coefficient. Our research considered both adjacent ports and hub ports. We found that the transportation function of some adjacent ports was very similar in terms of outbound structure (e.g., Qinhuangdao and Huanghua) and inbound structure (e.g., Huanghua and Tangshan). Ports around Bohai Bay and the port group in the Yangtze River Delta were the most competitive areas in terms of outbound and inbound structure, respectively. The major contributors to port similarity in different regions varied geographically due to the different market demands and cargo supplies. For adjacent ports, the functional convergence of inbound structure was more serious than the outbound. The convergence between hub ports was more serious than between adjacent ports in terms of both outbound and inbound structure. The average similarity coefficients displayed an increasing trend over time. This study further develops the theory of transport geography, improves our understanding of China’s port transportation system, and can provide reference for policy-makers in their port development decisions.

ACS Style

Wei Wang; Chengjin Wang; Fengjun Jin. The Functional Structure Convergence of China’s Coastal Ports. Sustainability 2017, 9, 2185 .

AMA Style

Wei Wang, Chengjin Wang, Fengjun Jin. The Functional Structure Convergence of China’s Coastal Ports. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (12):2185.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Wang; Chengjin Wang; Fengjun Jin. 2017. "The Functional Structure Convergence of China’s Coastal Ports." Sustainability 9, no. 12: 2185.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2015 in Chinese Geographical Science
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Over the past two decades, numerous ports located in China have participated in port integration strategies, thus influencing the entire port system. The current research is initiated in order to examine the nature of port integration in China, including associated temporal pathways, spatial patterns and dynamics. Results indicate that port integration in China has been characterized by a significant increase at the turn of the 21st century, comprising thirteen distinguishable pathways typified by differing dynamics, particularly between the northern and southern ports. Pathways were found to include 44 seaports and river ports, chiefly concentrated in the Bohai Rim, Yangtze (Changjiang) River Delta, Beibu Gulf and the southeastern Fujian, thus representing significant spatial regions. Categorically larger seaports have become the primary beneficiaries of port integration. Integration cases were divided into four categories based upon quantified dynamic magnitude including the government-driven mode, market-driven mode, government/market-driven mode and strategic alliance, and into five further categories based upon spatial extent including port internal integration, jurisdictional port integration, port integration across neighbor region, regional port integration and hub-feeder port integration. Results suggest that several factors have effectively driven port integration in China, including legislative tools and spatial planning, optimization of shoreline resources and port functionality, and port competition with the same hinterland.

ACS Style

Chengjin Wang; César Ducruet; Wei Wang. Port integration in China: Temporal pathways, spatial patterns and dynamics. Chinese Geographical Science 2015, 25, 612 -628.

AMA Style

Chengjin Wang, César Ducruet, Wei Wang. Port integration in China: Temporal pathways, spatial patterns and dynamics. Chinese Geographical Science. 2015; 25 (5):612-628.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chengjin Wang; César Ducruet; Wei Wang. 2015. "Port integration in China: Temporal pathways, spatial patterns and dynamics." Chinese Geographical Science 25, no. 5: 612-628.

Research article
Published: 22 March 2012 in Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering
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The aim of this paper is to study the spatialtemporal differentiation of industrial eco-efficiency in China. Using methods based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and data from 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2008 of 30 provinces in China, the spatial-temporal pattern changes in industrial eco-efficiency are discussed. The results show that: first, the patterns of industrial eco-efficiency are dominated by clustering of relatively low efficiency provinces; second, spatial relationships between the industrial eco-efficiencies of different provinces changed slightly throughout the period and the provinces persistently exhibit spatial concentration of relatively low industrial eco-efficiency; finally, there is an obvious trend in the polarization of industrial eco-efficiency, i.e., the higher level spatial units are concentrated in eastern China, and the lower level spatial units are mainly in western and central China.

ACS Style

Wei Yang; Fengjun Jin; Chengjin Wang; Chen Lv. Industrial eco-efficiency and its spatial-temporal differentiation in China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2012, 6, 559 -568.

AMA Style

Wei Yang, Fengjun Jin, Chengjin Wang, Chen Lv. Industrial eco-efficiency and its spatial-temporal differentiation in China. Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering. 2012; 6 (4):559-568.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Yang; Fengjun Jin; Chengjin Wang; Chen Lv. 2012. "Industrial eco-efficiency and its spatial-temporal differentiation in China." Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 6, no. 4: 559-568.