Considering the weakness of traditional e-learning, a multiple of e-learning systems attempt to get individualization into the process of learning by offering learner-centered instruction, the adaptive E-learning system(AES)is seen as one of the more famous models. An AES can tailor its response to different circumstances. Various types and platforms in E-Learning systems have been discussed and explained such as blended, adaptive, and educational e-learning. Architectures, functions, and challenges also illustrated in details in this paper. Mostly focused on the Adaptive e-learning concept and importance for the learners. AES concentrates on adaptively delivering learning materials. This paper discusses some studies that approved the importance of adaption in the e-learning system in the years (2018-2023), and introduced some challenges faced by this system.

With a large rise in crime globally, there is a necessity to analysis crime data to bring down the rate of crime. This encourages the police and people to occupy the required measures and more effectively restricting the crimes. Crime analysis and spatial analysis using Geographic Information System(GIS) tools such as hot spot generation, zoning, navigation and crime profiling, detection of mobile locations and various web-based applications are well known and can be used scientifically for citizens advancement, while crime prediction and control can be used effectively. Crime data analysts will enable the law enforcement officials to speed up the crime resolution process. We can analyze previously unknown, helpful information from unstructured data by using the theory of data mining. The purpose of this work is to perform a survey on the crime analysis by using several data mining techniques that has been applied towards criminal activities over the years to be a valuable guide to young researchers that are interested in this field.