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R.L. Geneve
Department of Horticulture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA

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Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Horticulturae
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Fragaria vesca L. has become a model species for genomic studies relevant to important crop plant species in the Rosaceae family, but generating large numbers of plants from non-runner-producing genotypes is slow. To develop a protocol for the rapid generation of plants, leaf explants were compared to single axillary bud shoot explants, both from in vitro-grown Fragaria vesca seedlings, as sources of shoots for new plant production in response to benzyladenine (BA) or thidiazuron (TDZ) combined with indolebutyric acid (IBA) on Murashige and Skoog’s Basal Salt (MS) medium. BA at 2.0 and 4.0 mg L−1 and TDZ at 1.5 mg L−1 promoted the greatest number of shoots produced per shoot explant. There were no IBA effects or IBA interactions with BA or TDZ. Significant interactions between BA and IBA, but not TDZ and IBA, occurred in leaf explant callus formation and % explants with callus at 6 and 9 weeks of culture and on shoots per leaf explant at 9 weeks. TDZ treatments produced uniformly high levels of callus but low numbers of shoots. The treatment generating the most shoot production was BA at 4.0 mg L−1 plus IBA at 0.50 mg L−1. After 9 weeks of culture, leaf explants of the non-runner-producing genotype Baron Solemacher had generated 4.6 shoots per explant with the best treatment, while axillary bud explants had generated 30.8 shoots with the best treatment. Thus, in vitro culture of shoot axillary bud explants can generate high numbers of clonal shoots from a single seedling plant in vitro.

ACS Style

Babul C. Sarker; Douglas D. Archbold; Robert L. Geneve; Sharon T. Kester. Rapid In Vitro Multiplication of Non-Runnering Fragaria vesca Genotypes from Seedling Shoot Axillary Bud Explants. Horticulturae 2020, 6, 51 .

AMA Style

Babul C. Sarker, Douglas D. Archbold, Robert L. Geneve, Sharon T. Kester. Rapid In Vitro Multiplication of Non-Runnering Fragaria vesca Genotypes from Seedling Shoot Axillary Bud Explants. Horticulturae. 2020; 6 (3):51.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Babul C. Sarker; Douglas D. Archbold; Robert L. Geneve; Sharon T. Kester. 2020. "Rapid In Vitro Multiplication of Non-Runnering Fragaria vesca Genotypes from Seedling Shoot Axillary Bud Explants." Horticulturae 6, no. 3: 51.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2018 in Seed Science Research
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Rapid, non-destructive methods for measuring seed germination and vigour are valuable. Standard germination and seed vigour were determined using 81 soybean seed lots. From these data, seed lots were separated into high and low germinating seed lots as well as high, medium and low vigour seed lots. Near-infrared spectra (950–1650 nm) were collected for training and validation samples for each seed category and used to create partial least squares (PLS) prediction models. For both germination and vigour, qualitative models provided better discrimination of high and low performing seed lots compared with quantitative models. The qualitative germination prediction models correctly identified low and high germination seed lots with an accuracy between 85.7 and 89.7%. For seed vigour, qualitative predictions for the 3-category (low, medium and high vigour) models could not adequately separate high and medium vigour seeds. However, the 2-category (low, medium plus high vigour) prediction models could correctly identify low vigour seed lots between 80 and 100% and the medium plus high vigour seed lots between 96.3 and 96.6%. To our knowledge, the current study is the first to provide near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-based predictive models using agronomically meaningful cut-offs for standard germination and vigour on a commercial scale using over 80 seed lots.

ACS Style

Maythem Al-Amery; Robert L. Geneve; Mauricio F. Sanches; Paul R. Armstrong; Elizabeth B. Maghirang; Chad Lee; Roberval D. Vieira; David F. Hildebrand. Near-infrared spectroscopy used to predict soybean seed germination and vigour. Seed Science Research 2018, 28, 245 -252.

AMA Style

Maythem Al-Amery, Robert L. Geneve, Mauricio F. Sanches, Paul R. Armstrong, Elizabeth B. Maghirang, Chad Lee, Roberval D. Vieira, David F. Hildebrand. Near-infrared spectroscopy used to predict soybean seed germination and vigour. Seed Science Research. 2018; 28 (3):245-252.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maythem Al-Amery; Robert L. Geneve; Mauricio F. Sanches; Paul R. Armstrong; Elizabeth B. Maghirang; Chad Lee; Roberval D. Vieira; David F. Hildebrand. 2018. "Near-infrared spectroscopy used to predict soybean seed germination and vigour." Seed Science Research 28, no. 3: 245-252.

Journal article
Published: 21 March 2018 in Seed Science Research
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Physical dormancy (PY) occurs in at least 18 angiosperm plant families and is caused by water-impermeable palisade cells in seed (or fruit) coats. Breaking of PY involves disruption or dislodgement of water-gap structures causing the seeds/fruits to become water permeable (non-dormant). The water-gap region is a morphologically distinct area of the seed or fruit coat that forms a water-gap complex. The location, anatomy, morphology and origin of water-gaps can differ between and even within families and genera. Water-gap structures sense environmental conditions that allow seeds with PY to become permeable just prior to the commencement of conditions favourable for germination and plant establishment. There are three basic water-gap morpho-anatomies characterized by the way the water-gap opens: Type-I, Type-II and Type-III. In Type-I water-gaps, specific kinds of cells pull apart to form a surface opening, while in Type-II a portion of the surface structure is pulled away from adjacent cells, opening the water-gap. Type-III is the least common type and has a circular, plug-like structure that is dislodged, whereby water entry occurs. In addition, water-gap complexes are either simple or compound, depending on whether only a single primary water-gap structure is involved in dormancy release or an additional secondary water-gap structure opens, permitting water entry.

ACS Style

Robert L. Geneve; Carol C. Baskin; Jerry M. Baskin; Gehan Jayasuriya; Nalin S. Gama-Arachchige. Functional morpho-anatomy of water-gap complexes in physically dormant seed. Seed Science Research 2018, 28, 186 -191.

AMA Style

Robert L. Geneve, Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. Baskin, Gehan Jayasuriya, Nalin S. Gama-Arachchige. Functional morpho-anatomy of water-gap complexes in physically dormant seed. Seed Science Research. 2018; 28 (3):186-191.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert L. Geneve; Carol C. Baskin; Jerry M. Baskin; Gehan Jayasuriya; Nalin S. Gama-Arachchige. 2018. "Functional morpho-anatomy of water-gap complexes in physically dormant seed." Seed Science Research 28, no. 3: 186-191.

Journal article
Published: 26 February 2018 in Seed Science Research
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Heptacodium miconiodesis an endangered, monotypic genus in the Caprifoliaceae endemic to China. Species within the Caprifoliaceae have been shown to have morphological or morphophysiological dormancy.Heptacodiumseeds had an underdeveloped embryo at the time of fruit dispersal with an embryo that occupied approximately 12% of the seed length. Cold (8 weeks at 5°C) and warm (8 weeks at 20°C) stratification was effective for dormancy release, but embryo growth prior to germination only occurred at warm temperatures (20°C). Gibberellic acid treatment partially substituted for cold stratification. Final seed germination percentage was not different after warm or cold stratification; however, seeds initially exposed to cold stratification germinated faster and more uniformly. Cold stratified seeds reached 50% final germination approximately 55 days sooner than warm stratified seeds. Prior to radicle emergence, embryos grew to fill approximately 60% of the seed through an endosperm channel that occupied the centre portion of the endosperm. Cells in the endosperm channel had thinner cell walls and fewer storage vesicles compared with other endosperm cells. Channel cells formed a dissolution zone ahead of embryo elongation assumed to be involved with enzymatic hydrolysis of storage reserves. Based on these results, it was concluded thatHeptacodiumdisplays the characteristics of seeds with non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy.

ACS Style

Robert L. Geneve; Sharon T. Kester. Morphophysiological seed dormancy inHeptacodium. Seed Science Research 2018, 28, 192 -196.

AMA Style

Robert L. Geneve, Sharon T. Kester. Morphophysiological seed dormancy inHeptacodium. Seed Science Research. 2018; 28 (3):192-196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert L. Geneve; Sharon T. Kester. 2018. "Morphophysiological seed dormancy inHeptacodium." Seed Science Research 28, no. 3: 192-196.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2017 in Crop Science
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ACS Style

Robert L. Geneve; David F. Hildebrand; Timothy D. Phillips; Maythem Al-Amery; Sharon T. Kester. Stress Influences Seed Germination in Mucilage-Producing Chia. Crop Science 2017, 57, 2160 -2169.

AMA Style

Robert L. Geneve, David F. Hildebrand, Timothy D. Phillips, Maythem Al-Amery, Sharon T. Kester. Stress Influences Seed Germination in Mucilage-Producing Chia. Crop Science. 2017; 57 (4):2160-2169.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert L. Geneve; David F. Hildebrand; Timothy D. Phillips; Maythem Al-Amery; Sharon T. Kester. 2017. "Stress Influences Seed Germination in Mucilage-Producing Chia." Crop Science 57, no. 4: 2160-2169.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2015 in HortTechnology
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Containers made from natural fiber and recycled plastic are marketed as sustainable substitutes for traditional plastic containers in the nursery industry. However, growers’ acceptance of alternative containers is limited by the lack of information on how alternative containers impact plant growth and water use (WU). We conducted experiments in Michigan, Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi, and Texas to test plant growth and WU in five different alternative containers under nursery condition. In 2011, ‘Roemertwo’ wintercreeper (Euonymus fortunei) were planted in three types of #1 (≈1 gal) containers 1) black plastic (plastic), 2) wood pulp (WP), and 3) recycled paper (KF). In 2012, ‘Green Velvet’ boxwood (Buxus sempervirens × B. microphylla siebold var. koreana) was evaluated in 1) plastic, 2) WP, 3) fabric (FB), and 4) keratin (KT). In 2013, ‘Dark Knight’ bluebeard (Caryopteris ×clandonensis) was evaluated in 1) plastic, 2) WP, and 3) coir fiber (Coir). Plants grown in alternative containers generally had similar plant growth as plastic containers. ‘Roemertwo’ wintercreeper had high mortality while overwintering in alternative containers with no irrigation. Results from different states generally show plants grown in fiber containers such as WP, FB, and Coir used more water than those in plastic containers. Water use efficiency of plants grown in alternative containers vs. plastic containers depended on plant variety, container type, and climate.

ACS Style

Xueni Wang; Rodney Fernandez; Bert M. Cregg; Rafael Auras; Amy Fulcher; Diana R. Cochran; Genhua Niu; Youping Sun; Guihong Bi; Susmitha Nambuthiri; Robert L. Geneve. Multistate Evaluation of Plant Growth and Water Use in Plastic and Alternative Nursery Containers. HortTechnology 2015, 25, 42 -49.

AMA Style

Xueni Wang, Rodney Fernandez, Bert M. Cregg, Rafael Auras, Amy Fulcher, Diana R. Cochran, Genhua Niu, Youping Sun, Guihong Bi, Susmitha Nambuthiri, Robert L. Geneve. Multistate Evaluation of Plant Growth and Water Use in Plastic and Alternative Nursery Containers. HortTechnology. 2015; 25 (1):42-49.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xueni Wang; Rodney Fernandez; Bert M. Cregg; Rafael Auras; Amy Fulcher; Diana R. Cochran; Genhua Niu; Youping Sun; Guihong Bi; Susmitha Nambuthiri; Robert L. Geneve. 2015. "Multistate Evaluation of Plant Growth and Water Use in Plastic and Alternative Nursery Containers." HortTechnology 25, no. 1: 42-49.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2015 in HortTechnology
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The green industry has identified the use of biodegradable containers as an alternative to plastic containers as a way to improve the sustainability of current production systems. Field trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of four types of 1-gal nursery biocontainers [keratin (KR), wood pulp (WP), fabric (FB), and coir fiber (Coir)] in comparison with standard black plastic (Plastic) containers on substrate temperature, water use, and biomass production in aboveground nurseries. Locations in Kentucky, Michigan, Mississippi, and Texas were selected to conduct experiments during May to Oct. 2012 using ‘Green Velvet’ boxwood (Buxus sempervirens × B. microphylla) and ‘Dark Knight’ bluebeard (Caryopteris ×clandonensis) in 2013. In this article, we were focusing on the impact of alternative container materials on hourly substrate temperature variations and plant growth. Substrate temperature was on an average higher (about 6 °C) in Plastic containers (about 36 °C) compared with that in WP, FB, and Coir containers. However, substrate temperature in KR containers was similar to Plastic. Substrate temperature was also influenced by local weather conditions with the highest substrate temperatures recorded in Texas followed by Kentucky, Mississippi, and Michigan. Laboratory and controlled environment trials using test containers were conducted in Kentucky to evaluate sidewall porosity and evaporation loss to confirm field observations. Substrate temperature was similar under laboratory simulation compared with field studies with the highest substrate temperature observed in Plastic and KR, intermediate in WP and lowest in FB and Coir. Side wall temperature was higher in Plastic, KR, and FB compared with WP and Coir, while side wall water loss was greatest in FB, intermediate in WP and Coir, and lowest in plastic and KR. These observations suggest that the contribution of sidewall water loss to overall container evapotranspiration has a major influence on reducing substrate temperature. The porous nature of some of the alternative containers increased water use, but reduced heat stress and enhanced plant survival under hot summer conditions. The greater drying rate of alterative containers especially in hot and dry locations could demand increased irrigation volume, more frequent irrigation, or both, which could adversely affect the economic and environmental sustainability of alternative containers.

ACS Style

Susmitha Nambuthiri; Robert L. Geneve; Youping Sun; Xueni Wang; Rodney Fernandez; Genhua Niu; Guihong Bi; Amy Fulcher. Substrate Temperature in Plastic and Alternative Nursery Containers. HortTechnology 2015, 25, 50 -56.

AMA Style

Susmitha Nambuthiri, Robert L. Geneve, Youping Sun, Xueni Wang, Rodney Fernandez, Genhua Niu, Guihong Bi, Amy Fulcher. Substrate Temperature in Plastic and Alternative Nursery Containers. HortTechnology. 2015; 25 (1):50-56.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susmitha Nambuthiri; Robert L. Geneve; Youping Sun; Xueni Wang; Rodney Fernandez; Genhua Niu; Guihong Bi; Amy Fulcher. 2015. "Substrate Temperature in Plastic and Alternative Nursery Containers." HortTechnology 25, no. 1: 50-56.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2015 in HortTechnology
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As high-input systems, plant production facilities for liner and container plants use large quantities of water, fertilizers, chemical pesticides, plastics, and labor. The use of renewable and biodegradable inputs for growing aesthetically pleasing and healthy plants could potentially improve the economic, environmental, and social sustainability of current production systems. However, costs for production components to integrate sustainable practices into established systems have not been fully explored to date. Our objectives were to determine the economic costs of commercial production systems using alternative containers in aboveground nursery systems. We determined the cost of production (COP) budgets for two woody plant species grown in several locations across the United States. Plants were grown in plastic pots and various alternative pots made from wood pulp (WP), fabric (FB), keratin (KT), and coconut fiber (coir). Cost of production inputs for aboveground nursery systems included the plant itself (liner), liner shipping costs, pot, pot shipping costs, substrate, substrate shipping costs, municipal water, and labor. Our results show that the main difference in the COP is the price of the pot. Although alternative containers could potentially increase water demands, water is currently an insignificant cost in relation to the entire production process. Use of alternative containers could reduce the carbon, water, and chemical footprints of nurseries and greenhouses; however, the cost of alternative containers must become more competitive with plastic to make them an acceptable routine choice for commercial growers.

ACS Style

Robin G. Brumfield; Alyssa J. DeVincentis; Xueni Wang; Rodney Fernandez; Susmitha Nambuthiri; Robert L. Geneve; Andrew K. Koeser; Guihong Bi; Tongyin Li; Youping Sun; Genhua Niu; Diana Cochran; Amy Fulcher; J. Ryan Stewart. Economics of Utilizing Alternative Containers in Ornamental Crop Production Systems. HortTechnology 2015, 25, 17 -25.

AMA Style

Robin G. Brumfield, Alyssa J. DeVincentis, Xueni Wang, Rodney Fernandez, Susmitha Nambuthiri, Robert L. Geneve, Andrew K. Koeser, Guihong Bi, Tongyin Li, Youping Sun, Genhua Niu, Diana Cochran, Amy Fulcher, J. Ryan Stewart. Economics of Utilizing Alternative Containers in Ornamental Crop Production Systems. HortTechnology. 2015; 25 (1):17-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robin G. Brumfield; Alyssa J. DeVincentis; Xueni Wang; Rodney Fernandez; Susmitha Nambuthiri; Robert L. Geneve; Andrew K. Koeser; Guihong Bi; Tongyin Li; Youping Sun; Genhua Niu; Diana Cochran; Amy Fulcher; J. Ryan Stewart. 2015. "Economics of Utilizing Alternative Containers in Ornamental Crop Production Systems." HortTechnology 25, no. 1: 17-25.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2014 in HortTechnology
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A laboratory exercise is presented that demonstrates the impact of seed coverings and hormones on seed dormancy and release in seeds with endogenous, physiological dormancy. The materials and methods are simple and inexpensive and can be accomplished as an on-campus laboratory or as a distance education exercise. The execution of the laboratory is rapid (≈1 hour), and the results are obtained in 2 weeks. The exercise generates an opportunity for the discussion of a complex subject that involves the interaction of two tissue types within the seed (the embryo vs. the seed coverings) and nicely illustrates their role in seed dormancy maintenance.

ACS Style

Servet Caliskan; Sharon T. Kester; Robert L. Geneve. A Laboratory Exercise in Physiological Seed Dormancy Using Eastern Redbud. HortTechnology 2014, 24, 403 -406.

AMA Style

Servet Caliskan, Sharon T. Kester, Robert L. Geneve. A Laboratory Exercise in Physiological Seed Dormancy Using Eastern Redbud. HortTechnology. 2014; 24 (3):403-406.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Servet Caliskan; Sharon T. Kester; Robert L. Geneve. 2014. "A Laboratory Exercise in Physiological Seed Dormancy Using Eastern Redbud." HortTechnology 24, no. 3: 403-406.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2013 in Scientia Horticulturae
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Seeds of Echinacea species have endogenous physiological dormancy. Dormancy release is induced by moist chilling stratification, but seeds treated with ethylene can show increased germination comparable to stratification. The primary aims of this work were to discover whether endogenous ethylene production was required for dormancy release and germination in Echinacea seeds and to investigate the physiological basis for stratification and ethylene-induced dormancy release. There were no significant differences in ethylene production in untreated versus stratified seeds. Seeds subjected to a dormancy release treatment showed reduced sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA). Isolated embryos were completely released from dormancy when the outer envelope surrounding the embryo was removed. Isolated embryos with the envelope intact were also induced to germinate when treated with ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) to increase ethylene production. It was determined that the covering envelope was derived from enlargement of the endothelium layer surrounding the egg sac (integumentary tapetum) plus several crushed layers of the outer integument. Ethylene does not appear to be required for dormancy release and germination in Echinacea seeds. Two possible physiological mechanisms were discovered to explain stratification and ethylene-induced dormancy release. These included a change in seed sensitivity to ABA and changes in the tissues covering the embryo. The data suggests that ethylene-induced dormancy release is independent of stratification and possibly acts by inducing physiological events that are normally downstream of stratification.

ACS Style

L.A. Wood; S.T. Kester; R.L. Geneve. The physiological basis for ethylene-induced dormancy release in three Echinacea species with special reference to the influence of the integumentary tapetum. Scientia Horticulturae 2013, 156, 63 -72.

AMA Style

L.A. Wood, S.T. Kester, R.L. Geneve. The physiological basis for ethylene-induced dormancy release in three Echinacea species with special reference to the influence of the integumentary tapetum. Scientia Horticulturae. 2013; 156 ():63-72.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L.A. Wood; S.T. Kester; R.L. Geneve. 2013. "The physiological basis for ethylene-induced dormancy release in three Echinacea species with special reference to the influence of the integumentary tapetum." Scientia Horticulturae 156, no. : 63-72.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2012 in Scientia Horticulturae
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A demand-based irrigation system was developed for Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ‘Cashmere Wind’ based on the relationship between photosynthesis and substrate moisture level (moisture response curve). An experiment was conducted to evaluate the premise that biomass would decrease only when substrate moisture levels caused a significant reduction in photosynthetic rate. Irrigation set points were based on the moisture response curve and corresponded to 49, 41, 30, and 22 m3 m−3 volumetric water content (89–61% container capacity). Gas exchange and leaf water potential were greater for plants in the three wettest irrigation treatments. Plants under these treatments used 1.4, 1.2, and 1.05 times more water during the experiment than plants in the driest treatment. Biomass metrics were generally unaffected by treatments or were greater for one or both intermediate treatments. This research demonstrates that a demand-based irrigation system with a physiological basis (predicated on the relationship between photosynthesis and substrate moisture potential) could be an effective biorational approach for scheduling irrigation and reducing water consumption in container-grown nursery crops.

ACS Style

Amy F. Fulcher; Jack W. Buxton; Robert L. Geneve. Developing a physiological-based, on-demand irrigation system for container production. Scientia Horticulturae 2012, 138, 221 -226.

AMA Style

Amy F. Fulcher, Jack W. Buxton, Robert L. Geneve. Developing a physiological-based, on-demand irrigation system for container production. Scientia Horticulturae. 2012; 138 ():221-226.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Amy F. Fulcher; Jack W. Buxton; Robert L. Geneve. 2012. "Developing a physiological-based, on-demand irrigation system for container production." Scientia Horticulturae 138, no. : 221-226.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2009 in International Journal of Plant Sciences
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ACS Style

K. M. G. Gehan Jayasuriya; Jerry M. Baskin; Robert L. Geneve; Carol C. Baskin. Sensitivity Cycling and Mechanism of Physical Dormancy Break in Seeds ofIpomoea hederacea(Convolvulaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences 2009, 170, 429 -443.

AMA Style

K. M. G. Gehan Jayasuriya, Jerry M. Baskin, Robert L. Geneve, Carol C. Baskin. Sensitivity Cycling and Mechanism of Physical Dormancy Break in Seeds ofIpomoea hederacea(Convolvulaceae). International Journal of Plant Sciences. 2009; 170 (4):429-443.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. M. G. Gehan Jayasuriya; Jerry M. Baskin; Robert L. Geneve; Carol C. Baskin. 2009. "Sensitivity Cycling and Mechanism of Physical Dormancy Break in Seeds ofIpomoea hederacea(Convolvulaceae)." International Journal of Plant Sciences 170, no. 4: 429-443.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2007 in Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
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Impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hooker F.) and petunia (Petunia ×hybrida Hort. Vilm.) seeds were imaged using a flat-bed scanner interfaced with a personal computer programmed to capture images every hour. Images were used to measure time to radicle protrusion and seedling growth. Time to radicle protrusion was calculated as time to 50% germination or as actual germination for each seed. Seedling growth after germination was calculated from linear regression of growth over time. Radicle protrusion and seedling growth were evaluated as indicators of seed vigor. Both were good indicators of seed vigor in impatiens seed lots. These measurements of vigor were highly correlated for each impatiens seed lot and for pooled seed lots. However, there was little or no correlation between time to radicle protrusion and seedling growth on an individual seed basis. The relationship between germination speed and seedling growth rate observed in impatiens was confirmed in two petunia seed lots. This study supports the use of time to radicle emergence and seedling growth as good indicators of seed vigor. However, it appears that different aspects of seed vigor may be measured by these indicators because there was no relationship between time to radicle protrusion and seedling growth rate on an individual seed basis.

ACS Style

Manjul Dutt; Robert Geneve. Time to Radicle Protrusion Does Not Correlate with Early Seedling Growth in Individual Seeds of Impatiens and Petunia. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 2007, 132, 423 -428.

AMA Style

Manjul Dutt, Robert Geneve. Time to Radicle Protrusion Does Not Correlate with Early Seedling Growth in Individual Seeds of Impatiens and Petunia. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science. 2007; 132 (3):423-428.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manjul Dutt; Robert Geneve. 2007. "Time to Radicle Protrusion Does Not Correlate with Early Seedling Growth in Individual Seeds of Impatiens and Petunia." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 132, no. 3: 423-428.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2005 in In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal
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Adventitious shoot induction and elongation was compared between root and petiole explants of Kentucky coffeetree (Gymnocladus dioicus L.) explants treated with a factorial combination of benzylaminopurine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ). Petiole explants initiated more adventitious shoots compared to root explants. Up to 83% of petiole explants initiated shoots compared to 67% of root explants. Maximal shoot induction was approximately 12 or five shoots per responding explant for petiole and root explants, respectively. For both explant types, TDZ was more effective than BA for shoot induction. There was an interaction between BA and TDZ on shoot induction in petiole explants, with the greatest percentage of explants forming shoots and the highest number of shoots initiated on the combination of 0.5 μM TDZ plus 10μM BA and 1.0μM TDZ plus 5 or 10 μM BA. In contrast, increasing concentrations of BA inhibited shoot initiation in root explants with and without TDZ. While BA inhibited shoot initiation in root explants, it promoted shoot initiation in petiole explants. In contrast, TDZ was equally effective at inducing shoots in root and petiole explants. This suggests that root and petiole explants of Kentucky coffeetree could be a useful model system for studying the differences, in apparent mode of action between TDZ and BA on adventitious shoot initiation.

ACS Style

Robert L. Geneve. Comparative adventitious shoot induction in kentucky coffeetree root and petiole explants treated with thidiazuron and benzylaminopurine. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal 2005, 41, 489 -493.

AMA Style

Robert L. Geneve. Comparative adventitious shoot induction in kentucky coffeetree root and petiole explants treated with thidiazuron and benzylaminopurine. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal. 2005; 41 (4):489-493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert L. Geneve. 2005. "Comparative adventitious shoot induction in kentucky coffeetree root and petiole explants treated with thidiazuron and benzylaminopurine." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal 41, no. 4: 489-493.

Chapter
Published: 01 January 1988 in Genetic Manipulation of Woody Plants
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Pistachio is a dioecious plant and it is not possible to simply combine the best characteristics of two cultivars, both of which are female, by hybridization. Micropropagation methods for Pistacia were previously reported by the author. The potential of morphogenesis in callus culture for genetic manipulation and improvement of Pistachio was investigated. Shoot growth and rhizogenesis was achieved.

ACS Style

M. Barghchi; M. R. Becwar; S. R. Wann; M. A. Johnson; H. B. Kriebel; B. A. Bergmann; W. P. Hackett; H. Pellett; Mark H. Brand; R. Daniel Lineberger; M. A. Campbell; J. J. Gaynor; E. G. Kirby; Ming Tu Chang; Steven M. Eshita; G. S. Cheema; E. Chesick; C. A. Mohn; Young Woo Chun; Richard B. Hall; D. H. Clapham; I. Ekberg; C. A. Cullis; G. P. Creissen; S. W. Gorman; R. D. Teasdale; J. M. Davis; V. Dhawan; S. S. Bhojwani; A. M. Diner; D. F. Karnosky; P. Doumas; B. Goldfarb; A. Bataille; J. B. Zaerr; Don J. Durzan; Pramod K. Gupta; S. Ernst; D. F. Van Haverbeke; R. P. Feirer; R. Nagmani; J. Carlson; Robert L. Geneve; Sharon T. Kester; H. J. Gladfelter; G. C. Phillips; Abhaya M. Dandekar; H. Häggman; Sirkka Kupila-Ahvenniemi; Thomas D. Hillson; Richard C. Schultz; Anja Hohtola; Y. Huang; T. S. Snyder; Keith W. Hutchison; Patricia B. Singer; Michael S. Greenwood; V. S. Jaiswal; M. N. Amin; D. J. James; A. J. Passey; K. Kaul; J. Kenny; Jae-Hun Kim; H. Moon; J. Park; B. Lee; C. S. Kinlaw; D. E. Harry; D. Sleeter; R. Sederoff; N. B. Klopfenstein; H. S. McNabb; E. R. Hart; R. W. Thornburg; M. Lakshmikuraran; V. Gupta; A. Agnihotri; S. Ranade; V. Jagannathan; Jonas Lidholm; Alfred E. Szmidt; Petter Gustafsson; Aija Lindfors; K. A. Louis; J. Mackay; A. Seguin; L. Simon; M. LaLonde; J. McLaughlin; R. Meilan; E. C. Menhinick; M. F. Michel; F. Delmotte; C. Depierreux; C. H. Michler; E. Bauer; S. M. Jain; S. Mohan; R. J. Newton; E. J. Soltes; P. H. Morgens; A. Callahan; E. Walton; R. Scorza; J. M. Cordts; John W. Morris; Linda A. Castle; Roy O. Morris; S. Sen; J. D. Puryear; Michael E. Ostry; Darroll D. Skilling; J. N. Owens; S. J. Simpson; Y. G. Park; S. H. Son; K.-H. Han; R. M. Penehel; Y. K. Ikemori; P. Périnet; F. M. Tremblay; C. S. Prakash; B. A. Thielges; Julie A. Russell; Brent H. McCown; Folke Sitbon; Stefan Jansson; M. Stine; S. H. Strauss; J. D. Palmer; G. Howe; A. Doerksen; C.-H. Tsai; F. Sultanbawa; S. Venketeswaran; M. A. D. L. Dias; Ursula V. Weyers; Jan-Erik Hällgren; D. K. Richards; H. S. Tsai; F. H. Huang; Tiina Vahala; Priska Stabel; Tage Eriksson; J. V. Valluri; J. Castillon; Peter Viss; Steven E. Ruzin; Patrick Von Aderkas; Jan Bonga; D. B. Wagner; D. R. Govindaraju; Roger Westcott; N. Yamamoto; Y. Mukai; M. Matsuoka; Y. Ohashi; Y. Kano-Murakami; Y. Tanaka; Y. Ozeki; Y. W. Chun; C. Mohn. Poster Abstracts. Genetic Manipulation of Woody Plants 1988, 457 -494.

AMA Style

M. Barghchi, M. R. Becwar, S. R. Wann, M. A. Johnson, H. B. Kriebel, B. A. Bergmann, W. P. Hackett, H. Pellett, Mark H. Brand, R. Daniel Lineberger, M. A. Campbell, J. J. Gaynor, E. G. Kirby, Ming Tu Chang, Steven M. Eshita, G. S. Cheema, E. Chesick, C. A. Mohn, Young Woo Chun, Richard B. Hall, D. H. Clapham, I. Ekberg, C. A. Cullis, G. P. Creissen, S. W. Gorman, R. D. Teasdale, J. M. Davis, V. Dhawan, S. S. Bhojwani, A. M. Diner, D. F. Karnosky, P. Doumas, B. Goldfarb, A. Bataille, J. B. Zaerr, Don J. Durzan, Pramod K. Gupta, S. Ernst, D. F. Van Haverbeke, R. P. Feirer, R. Nagmani, J. Carlson, Robert L. Geneve, Sharon T. Kester, H. J. Gladfelter, G. C. Phillips, Abhaya M. Dandekar, H. Häggman, Sirkka Kupila-Ahvenniemi, Thomas D. Hillson, Richard C. Schultz, Anja Hohtola, Y. Huang, T. S. Snyder, Keith W. Hutchison, Patricia B. Singer, Michael S. Greenwood, V. S. Jaiswal, M. N. Amin, D. J. James, A. J. Passey, K. Kaul, J. Kenny, Jae-Hun Kim, H. Moon, J. Park, B. Lee, C. S. Kinlaw, D. E. Harry, D. Sleeter, R. Sederoff, N. B. Klopfenstein, H. S. McNabb, E. R. Hart, R. W. Thornburg, M. Lakshmikuraran, V. Gupta, A. Agnihotri, S. Ranade, V. Jagannathan, Jonas Lidholm, Alfred E. Szmidt, Petter Gustafsson, Aija Lindfors, K. A. Louis, J. Mackay, A. Seguin, L. Simon, M. LaLonde, J. McLaughlin, R. Meilan, E. C. Menhinick, M. F. Michel, F. Delmotte, C. Depierreux, C. H. Michler, E. Bauer, S. M. Jain, S. Mohan, R. J. Newton, E. J. Soltes, P. H. Morgens, A. Callahan, E. Walton, R. Scorza, J. M. Cordts, John W. Morris, Linda A. Castle, Roy O. Morris, S. Sen, J. D. Puryear, Michael E. Ostry, Darroll D. Skilling, J. N. Owens, S. J. Simpson, Y. G. Park, S. H. Son, K.-H. Han, R. M. Penehel, Y. K. Ikemori, P. Périnet, F. M. Tremblay, C. S. Prakash, B. A. Thielges, Julie A. Russell, Brent H. McCown, Folke Sitbon, Stefan Jansson, M. Stine, S. H. Strauss, J. D. Palmer, G. Howe, A. Doerksen, C.-H. Tsai, F. Sultanbawa, S. Venketeswaran, M. A. D. L. Dias, Ursula V. Weyers, Jan-Erik Hällgren, D. K. Richards, H. S. Tsai, F. H. Huang, Tiina Vahala, Priska Stabel, Tage Eriksson, J. V. Valluri, J. Castillon, Peter Viss, Steven E. Ruzin, Patrick Von Aderkas, Jan Bonga, D. B. Wagner, D. R. Govindaraju, Roger Westcott, N. Yamamoto, Y. Mukai, M. Matsuoka, Y. Ohashi, Y. Kano-Murakami, Y. Tanaka, Y. Ozeki, Y. W. Chun, C. Mohn. Poster Abstracts. Genetic Manipulation of Woody Plants. 1988; ():457-494.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Barghchi; M. R. Becwar; S. R. Wann; M. A. Johnson; H. B. Kriebel; B. A. Bergmann; W. P. Hackett; H. Pellett; Mark H. Brand; R. Daniel Lineberger; M. A. Campbell; J. J. Gaynor; E. G. Kirby; Ming Tu Chang; Steven M. Eshita; G. S. Cheema; E. Chesick; C. A. Mohn; Young Woo Chun; Richard B. Hall; D. H. Clapham; I. Ekberg; C. A. Cullis; G. P. Creissen; S. W. Gorman; R. D. Teasdale; J. M. Davis; V. Dhawan; S. S. Bhojwani; A. M. Diner; D. F. Karnosky; P. Doumas; B. Goldfarb; A. Bataille; J. B. Zaerr; Don J. Durzan; Pramod K. Gupta; S. Ernst; D. F. Van Haverbeke; R. P. Feirer; R. Nagmani; J. Carlson; Robert L. Geneve; Sharon T. Kester; H. J. Gladfelter; G. C. Phillips; Abhaya M. Dandekar; H. Häggman; Sirkka Kupila-Ahvenniemi; Thomas D. Hillson; Richard C. Schultz; Anja Hohtola; Y. Huang; T. S. Snyder; Keith W. Hutchison; Patricia B. Singer; Michael S. Greenwood; V. S. Jaiswal; M. N. Amin; D. J. James; A. J. Passey; K. Kaul; J. Kenny; Jae-Hun Kim; H. Moon; J. Park; B. Lee; C. S. Kinlaw; D. E. Harry; D. Sleeter; R. Sederoff; N. B. Klopfenstein; H. S. McNabb; E. R. Hart; R. W. Thornburg; M. Lakshmikuraran; V. Gupta; A. Agnihotri; S. Ranade; V. Jagannathan; Jonas Lidholm; Alfred E. Szmidt; Petter Gustafsson; Aija Lindfors; K. A. Louis; J. Mackay; A. Seguin; L. Simon; M. LaLonde; J. McLaughlin; R. Meilan; E. C. Menhinick; M. F. Michel; F. Delmotte; C. Depierreux; C. H. Michler; E. Bauer; S. M. Jain; S. Mohan; R. J. Newton; E. J. Soltes; P. H. Morgens; A. Callahan; E. Walton; R. Scorza; J. M. Cordts; John W. Morris; Linda A. Castle; Roy O. Morris; S. Sen; J. D. Puryear; Michael E. Ostry; Darroll D. Skilling; J. N. Owens; S. J. Simpson; Y. G. Park; S. H. Son; K.-H. Han; R. M. Penehel; Y. K. Ikemori; P. Périnet; F. M. Tremblay; C. S. Prakash; B. A. Thielges; Julie A. Russell; Brent H. McCown; Folke Sitbon; Stefan Jansson; M. Stine; S. H. Strauss; J. D. Palmer; G. Howe; A. Doerksen; C.-H. Tsai; F. Sultanbawa; S. Venketeswaran; M. A. D. L. Dias; Ursula V. Weyers; Jan-Erik Hällgren; D. K. Richards; H. S. Tsai; F. H. Huang; Tiina Vahala; Priska Stabel; Tage Eriksson; J. V. Valluri; J. Castillon; Peter Viss; Steven E. Ruzin; Patrick Von Aderkas; Jan Bonga; D. B. Wagner; D. R. Govindaraju; Roger Westcott; N. Yamamoto; Y. Mukai; M. Matsuoka; Y. Ohashi; Y. Kano-Murakami; Y. Tanaka; Y. Ozeki; Y. W. Chun; C. Mohn. 1988. "Poster Abstracts." Genetic Manipulation of Woody Plants , no. : 457-494.