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In this study, for the establishment of a safety evaluation method, non-destructive tests were performed by developing a full-scale model pier and simulating scour on the ground adjacent to a field pier. The surcharge load (0–250 kN) was applied to the full-scale model pier to analyze the load’s effect on the stability. For analyzing the pier’s behavior according to the impact direction, an impact was applied in the bridge axis direction, pier length direction, and pier’s outside direction. The impact height corresponded to the top of the pier. A 1-m deep scour was simulated along one side of the ground, which was adjacent to the pier foundation. The acceleration was measured using accelerometers when an impact was applied. The natural frequency, according to the impact direction and surcharge load, was calculated using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). In addition, the first mode (vibratory), second mode (vibratory), and third modes (torsion) were analyzed according to the pier behavior using the phase difference, and the effect of the scour occurrence on the natural frequency was analyzed. The first mode was most affected by the surcharge load and scour. The stability of the pier can be determined using the second mode, and the direction of the scour can be determined using the third mode.
Myungjae Lee; Mintaek Yoo; Hyun-Seok Jung; Ki Hyun Kim; Il-Wha Lee. Study on Dynamic Behavior of Bridge Pier by Impact Load Test Considering Scour. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6741 .
AMA StyleMyungjae Lee, Mintaek Yoo, Hyun-Seok Jung, Ki Hyun Kim, Il-Wha Lee. Study on Dynamic Behavior of Bridge Pier by Impact Load Test Considering Scour. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (19):6741.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMyungjae Lee; Mintaek Yoo; Hyun-Seok Jung; Ki Hyun Kim; Il-Wha Lee. 2020. "Study on Dynamic Behavior of Bridge Pier by Impact Load Test Considering Scour." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19: 6741.
A quick-hardening track (QHT) was developed by injecting quick-hardening mortar into an existing ballast track to rapidly substitute the ballast track with a slab track, thereby improving maintainability and running safety. QHT tracks on a bridge undergo track–bridge interactions similar to other track systems. This paper presents a model to analyze the interaction between the QHT and the bridge. This model considers the longitudinal resistances of rail fasteners and anchors, as well as the interlayer friction between the track and the bridge. A sequential analysis method was applied to systematically consider such effects, revealing that rail additional stress will be high if the track slips over the bridge for a very low frictional coefficient of 0.1. Furthermore, a track segment without an anchor can slip under train traction load when the frictional coefficient is 0.3 or lower. For low friction cases, low-speed operation is advised to prevent the accumulation of the resulting longitudinal slip displacements of the track. An anchor should be installed immediately after the quick-hardening mortar provides sufficient bearing strength to the anchors. The proposed sequential analysis is useful for determining the critical friction coefficient and appropriate longitudinal resistance of a rail fastener, as well as for verifying track safety.
Sanghyeon Cho; Kyoung-Chan Lee; Seung Yup Jang; Ilwha Lee; Wonseok Chung. Sequential Track–Bridge Interaction Analysis of Quick-Hardening Track on Bridge Considering Interlayer Friction. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5066 .
AMA StyleSanghyeon Cho, Kyoung-Chan Lee, Seung Yup Jang, Ilwha Lee, Wonseok Chung. Sequential Track–Bridge Interaction Analysis of Quick-Hardening Track on Bridge Considering Interlayer Friction. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (15):5066.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSanghyeon Cho; Kyoung-Chan Lee; Seung Yup Jang; Ilwha Lee; Wonseok Chung. 2020. "Sequential Track–Bridge Interaction Analysis of Quick-Hardening Track on Bridge Considering Interlayer Friction." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15: 5066.
This experimental study investigates the effects of the aggregate surface conditions on the compressive strength of quick-converting track concrete (QTC). The compressive strength of QTC and interfacial fracture toughness (IFT) were investigated by changing the amount of fine abrasion dust particles (FADPs) on the aggregate surface from 0.00 to 0.15 wt% and the aggregate water saturation from 0 to 100%. The effects of aggregate water saturation on the compressive strength of the QTC and IFT were notably different, corresponding to the amount of FADPs. As the aggregate water saturation increased from 0 to 100%, in the case of 0.00 wt% FADPs, the IFT decreased from 0.91 to 0.58 MPa∙mm1/2, and thus, the compressive strength of the QTC decreased from 34.8 to 31.4 MPa because the aggregate water saturation increased the water/cement ratio at the interface and, consequently, the interfacial porosity. However, as the aggregate water saturation increased from 0 to 100%, in the case of 0.15 wt% FADPs, the compressive strength increased from 24.6 to 28.1 MPa, while the IFT increased from 0.41 to 0.88 MPa∙mm1/2 because the water/cement ratio at the interface was reduced as a result of the absorption by the FADPs on the surface of the aggregates and the cleaning effects of the aggregate surface.
Rahwan Hwang; Il-Wha Lee; Sukhoon Pyo; Dong Joo Kim. Influence of the Aggregate Surface Conditions on the Strength of Quick-Converting Track Concrete. Crystals 2020, 10, 543 .
AMA StyleRahwan Hwang, Il-Wha Lee, Sukhoon Pyo, Dong Joo Kim. Influence of the Aggregate Surface Conditions on the Strength of Quick-Converting Track Concrete. Crystals. 2020; 10 (6):543.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRahwan Hwang; Il-Wha Lee; Sukhoon Pyo; Dong Joo Kim. 2020. "Influence of the Aggregate Surface Conditions on the Strength of Quick-Converting Track Concrete." Crystals 10, no. 6: 543.
In this study, centrifuge model tests were used to examine the lateral behavior of amonopile embedded in dry sand through cyclic lateral loading tests. The soil specimens used in thetests were dry Jumunjin sand with a relative density of 80% and a friction angle of 38°. A staticloading test was performed once, and cyclic loading tests were performed four times using fourmagnitudes of cyclic load (30%, 50%, 80%, and 120% of static lateral capacity). The experimentalcyclic p‐y curve was obtained through the tests, and the maximum soil resistance points that werefound for each load were used to find the cyclic p‐y backbone curve for each depth. The twovariables which are needed to define the cyclic p‐y backbone curve, i.e., the initial modulus ofsubgrade reaction (kini) and ultimate soil resistance (pu), were suggested as functions of the soil’sphysical properties and the pile. The cyclic p‐y curve of the first cycle and the 100th cycle wereformulated to present the upper limit and lower limit. The suggested cyclic p‐y curve had anoverestimated soil resistance compared with the existing API (1987) method, but the initial modulusof subgrade reaction was underestimated.
Lee; Kyung-Tae Bae; Mintaek Yoo; Bae; Yoo; Myungjae Lee; Il-Wha Lee. Cyclic p-y Curves of Monopiles in Dense Dry Sand Using Centrifuge Model Tests. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 1641 .
AMA StyleLee, Kyung-Tae Bae, Mintaek Yoo, Bae, Yoo, Myungjae Lee, Il-Wha Lee. Cyclic p-y Curves of Monopiles in Dense Dry Sand Using Centrifuge Model Tests. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (8):1641.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee; Kyung-Tae Bae; Mintaek Yoo; Bae; Yoo; Myungjae Lee; Il-Wha Lee. 2019. "Cyclic p-y Curves of Monopiles in Dense Dry Sand Using Centrifuge Model Tests." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8: 1641.
Young-Hoon Jung; Taehee Lee; Su-Hyung Lee; Il-Wha Lee; Thomas L. Brandon; Richard J. Valentine. How Geosynthetic Reinforcement Supports the Piled Embankment: A Numerical Approach. Geotechnical Frontiers 2017 2017, 49 -54.
AMA StyleYoung-Hoon Jung, Taehee Lee, Su-Hyung Lee, Il-Wha Lee, Thomas L. Brandon, Richard J. Valentine. How Geosynthetic Reinforcement Supports the Piled Embankment: A Numerical Approach. Geotechnical Frontiers 2017. 2017; ():49-54.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoung-Hoon Jung; Taehee Lee; Su-Hyung Lee; Il-Wha Lee; Thomas L. Brandon; Richard J. Valentine. 2017. "How Geosynthetic Reinforcement Supports the Piled Embankment: A Numerical Approach." Geotechnical Frontiers 2017 , no. : 49-54.
Analysis of Cyclic Loading Transferred Mechanism on Geosynthetic-Reinforced and Pile-Supported Embankment GRPS embankment;Cyclic loading;Arching effect;Geosynthetic;Transferred load; Geosynthetic-reinforced and Pile-supported (GRPS) embankment method is widely used to construct structures on soft ground due to restraining residual settlement and their rapid construction. However, effect of cyclic loading has not been established although some countries suggest design methods through many studies. In this paper, cyclic loading tests were conducted to analyze dynamic load transfer characteristics of pile-supported embankment reinforced with geosynthetics. A series of 3 case full scale model tests which were non-reinforced, one-layer-reinforced, two-layer reinforced with geosynthetics were performed on piled embankments. In these series of tests, the height of embankment and pile spacing were selected according to EBGEO (2010) standard in Germany. As a result of the vertical load parts on the pile and on the geosynthetic reinforcement measured separately, cyclic loads transferred by only arching effect decreased with strength geosynthetic-reinforced case. However, final loads on the pile showed no differences among the cases. These results conflict with previous studies that reinforcement with geosynthetics increases transfer load concentrated on piles. In addition, it is observed that the load transferred to pile decreases at the beginning of cycle number due to reduction of arching effected by cyclic loading. Based on these results, transferred mechanism for cyclic load on GRPS system has been presented.
Sung-Jee Lee; Min-Taek Yoo; Su-Hyung Lee; Min-Cheol Baek; Il-Wha Lee. Analysis of Cyclic Loading Transferred Mechanism on Geosynthetic-Reinforced and Pile-Supported Embankment. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 2016, 32, 79 -91.
AMA StyleSung-Jee Lee, Min-Taek Yoo, Su-Hyung Lee, Min-Cheol Baek, Il-Wha Lee. Analysis of Cyclic Loading Transferred Mechanism on Geosynthetic-Reinforced and Pile-Supported Embankment. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society. 2016; 32 (12):79-91.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSung-Jee Lee; Min-Taek Yoo; Su-Hyung Lee; Min-Cheol Baek; Il-Wha Lee. 2016. "Analysis of Cyclic Loading Transferred Mechanism on Geosynthetic-Reinforced and Pile-Supported Embankment." Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 32, no. 12: 79-91.
Taehee Lee; Su-Hyung Lee; Il-Wha Lee; Young-Hoon Jung. Transformation of Load Transfer Soil Arch in Geosynthetics-Reinforced Piled Embankment: A Numerical Approach. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 2016, 32, 5 -16.
AMA StyleTaehee Lee, Su-Hyung Lee, Il-Wha Lee, Young-Hoon Jung. Transformation of Load Transfer Soil Arch in Geosynthetics-Reinforced Piled Embankment: A Numerical Approach. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society. 2016; 32 (6):5-16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTaehee Lee; Su-Hyung Lee; Il-Wha Lee; Young-Hoon Jung. 2016. "Transformation of Load Transfer Soil Arch in Geosynthetics-Reinforced Piled Embankment: A Numerical Approach." Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 32, no. 6: 5-16.
Il-Wha Lee; Seung-Sun Kim; Joo-Gong Lee; Shung-Kyu Shim; Su-Hyung Lee. Applicability of the Pile-Supported Embankment in Korea. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 2016, 32, 5 -13.
AMA StyleIl-Wha Lee, Seung-Sun Kim, Joo-Gong Lee, Shung-Kyu Shim, Su-Hyung Lee. Applicability of the Pile-Supported Embankment in Korea. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society. 2016; 32 (3):5-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIl-Wha Lee; Seung-Sun Kim; Joo-Gong Lee; Shung-Kyu Shim; Su-Hyung Lee. 2016. "Applicability of the Pile-Supported Embankment in Korea." Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 32, no. 3: 5-13.
The shape of soil arch is a key parameter in modern design of piled embankment. Design guidelines for piled embankment in the Netherlands, Germany, and the United Kingdom have been updated in 2011 to consider the improved understanding of the arching mechanism. Recently in Korea a national research project on the design code of the geosynthetic-reinforced piled embankment is being conducted. As part of the project, a series of finite element simulations have been performed. Numerical study mainly focuses on the visualization of soil arch under various different parametric conditions. By taking the local extremes in the vertical distributions of the vertical stress obtained from numerical simulations, the shapes and sizes of the soil arch zone were estimated. Numerical results show that the size of the dome-shaped soil arch zone remains constant in variation of the cohesion and friction angle of the fill material. However, the stiffness of the soft material between piles has a significant influence on the height of the soil arch zone. For the sufficient low stiffness of the soft material, the height of the dome-shaped soil arch zone is approximately 42% total embankment height.
Young-Hoon Jung; Taehee Lee; Su-Hyung Lee; Il-Wha Lee; Taesik Kim. Finite Element Investigation on Patterns of Soil Arching in a Geosynthetics-Reinforced Piled Embankment. Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress 2016 2016, 1 .
AMA StyleYoung-Hoon Jung, Taehee Lee, Su-Hyung Lee, Il-Wha Lee, Taesik Kim. Finite Element Investigation on Patterns of Soil Arching in a Geosynthetics-Reinforced Piled Embankment. Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress 2016. 2016; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoung-Hoon Jung; Taehee Lee; Su-Hyung Lee; Il-Wha Lee; Taesik Kim. 2016. "Finite Element Investigation on Patterns of Soil Arching in a Geosynthetics-Reinforced Piled Embankment." Geotechnical and Structural Engineering Congress 2016 , no. : 1.
Sung Jin Lee; Il Wha Lee; Su Hyung Lee; Ki Young Eum. Laboratory Test for Permanent Settlement Behavior of Geo-materials used in Railway Considering Grain size distribution and Water content. Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 2015, 18, 354 -362.
AMA StyleSung Jin Lee, Il Wha Lee, Su Hyung Lee, Ki Young Eum. Laboratory Test for Permanent Settlement Behavior of Geo-materials used in Railway Considering Grain size distribution and Water content. Journal of the Korean Society for Railway. 2015; 18 (4):354-362.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSung Jin Lee; Il Wha Lee; Su Hyung Lee; Ki Young Eum. 2015. "Laboratory Test for Permanent Settlement Behavior of Geo-materials used in Railway Considering Grain size distribution and Water content." Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 18, no. 4: 354-362.
Il-Wha Lee; Sung-Jin Lee; Su-Hyung Lee; Kang-Myung Lee. Analysis of Design Parameters for Earthwork/Bridge Transition Structure for Ultra-High Speed Running. Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 2015, 18, 117 -126.
AMA StyleIl-Wha Lee, Sung-Jin Lee, Su-Hyung Lee, Kang-Myung Lee. Analysis of Design Parameters for Earthwork/Bridge Transition Structure for Ultra-High Speed Running. Journal of the Korean Society for Railway. 2015; 18 (2):117-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIl-Wha Lee; Sung-Jin Lee; Su-Hyung Lee; Kang-Myung Lee. 2015. "Analysis of Design Parameters for Earthwork/Bridge Transition Structure for Ultra-High Speed Running." Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 18, no. 2: 117-126.
Il Wha Lee; Sung Jin Lee; Su Hyung Lee; Kang Myung Lee. Wave Propagation on a High-speed Railway Embankment Using a Pile-slab Structure. Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 2013, 16, 278 -285.
AMA StyleIl Wha Lee, Sung Jin Lee, Su Hyung Lee, Kang Myung Lee. Wave Propagation on a High-speed Railway Embankment Using a Pile-slab Structure. Journal of the Korean Society for Railway. 2013; 16 (4):278-285.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIl Wha Lee; Sung Jin Lee; Su Hyung Lee; Kang Myung Lee. 2013. "Wave Propagation on a High-speed Railway Embankment Using a Pile-slab Structure." Journal of the Korean Society for Railway 16, no. 4: 278-285.
Sung-Jin Lee; Il-Wha Lee; Su-Hyung Lee; Jin-Wook Lee. Study on Young's Modulus of Coarse Granular Materials with Grain Size Distribution Adjustment. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 2013, 29, 47 -55.
AMA StyleSung-Jin Lee, Il-Wha Lee, Su-Hyung Lee, Jin-Wook Lee. Study on Young's Modulus of Coarse Granular Materials with Grain Size Distribution Adjustment. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society. 2013; 29 (7):47-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSung-Jin Lee; Il-Wha Lee; Su-Hyung Lee; Jin-Wook Lee. 2013. "Study on Young's Modulus of Coarse Granular Materials with Grain Size Distribution Adjustment." Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 29, no. 7: 47-55.
Su-Hyung Lee; Sung-Jin Lee; Il-Wha Lee. Experimental Evaluation of the Moment Capacity of a Railway Electric Pole Foundation Adjacent to a Fill Slope. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 2012, 28, 5 -17.
AMA StyleSu-Hyung Lee, Sung-Jin Lee, Il-Wha Lee. Experimental Evaluation of the Moment Capacity of a Railway Electric Pole Foundation Adjacent to a Fill Slope. Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society. 2012; 28 (6):5-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSu-Hyung Lee; Sung-Jin Lee; Il-Wha Lee. 2012. "Experimental Evaluation of the Moment Capacity of a Railway Electric Pole Foundation Adjacent to a Fill Slope." Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society 28, no. 6: 5-17.
Many surface-wave methods have focused on collecting only normal modes of Rayleigh-wave propagation. This paper presents an inversion algorithm to invert the apparent phase velocities, which include near-field information as well as normal-mode information. In the algorithm, Love-wave dispersion data are jointly included with Rayleigh-wave dispersion data to reduce non-uniqueness inherent in surface-wave methods and increase the accuracy of a resulting shear-wave velocity profile. Synthetic dispersion data were generated for typical geologic sites, and used for the verification of the inversion algorithm. A strategy to overcome the adverse effects of multiple reflections and mode conversion in Love waves is also discussed.
Sung-Ho Joh; Ii Kenneth H. Stokoe; Il-Wha Lee; Tae-Ho Kang; Brent Rosenbld; James A. Bay. Joint Inversion for Apparent Phase Velocities of Rayleigh and Love Waves. GeoCongress 2006 2006, 1 .
AMA StyleSung-Ho Joh, Ii Kenneth H. Stokoe, Il-Wha Lee, Tae-Ho Kang, Brent Rosenbld, James A. Bay. Joint Inversion for Apparent Phase Velocities of Rayleigh and Love Waves. GeoCongress 2006. 2006; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSung-Ho Joh; Ii Kenneth H. Stokoe; Il-Wha Lee; Tae-Ho Kang; Brent Rosenbld; James A. Bay. 2006. "Joint Inversion for Apparent Phase Velocities of Rayleigh and Love Waves." GeoCongress 2006 , no. : 1.