Bionic interfaces have received much attention owing to their attractive hydrophobic and tribological potential. Although a great deal of research has been carried out on biomimetic nanostructures, the basic theory, experimental application, and related techniques of hydrophobicity of biomimetic nanostructures, as well as the relationship between the state of lubricants and friction in tribology have not been fully explored. In this review, based on a brief discussion of the theory of hydrophobicity, the role of two-dimensional bionic structures in the wet state is introduced, and the wetting mechanism and applications are discussed. Then, the synergistic effects and mechanisms of bionic weaving and lubricants in the dry/wet friction state are investigated. In addition, the contribution of bionic structures to the fields of hydrophobicity and tribology further deepens the knowledge and enriches the practical applications of bionic surface weaving.

Planting uniformity is a key evaluation index for planters. This paper investigated the effect of rotational speed, the angle of the rake bar chain, and the number of billets on the planting uniformity of a seed-metering device in the laboratory. The experimental results showed that the optimal planting uniformity can be achieved under a rake bar chain angle of 117°, a number of billets of 500, and a rotational speed of the rake bar chain of 70 rpm. Under this condition, the quality index Z_q was 97.22% and the multiple index Z_m was 0%, while the miss index Z_e was 2.78%. Based on the above parameters, a single-bud planter was improved with three rake bar chains per seed box. Field experiments with different operation parameters (rotational speed, forward speed) were conducted. Results indicated that when the rotational speed was 40 rpm and the forward speed was 2.26 km/h, the planting uniformity was the best and the quality index Z_q was 93.38%. The research results provide a basis for the application of single-bud billet planters in the field.

The lodging of wheat has a significant impact on its yield, and its resistance is intricately associated with the mechanical strength of its stem. The majority of existing studies on this issue have been conducted at the macroscale, and the quantitative relationship between cellular structural characteristics and the mechanical strength of the wheat stem remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate this relationship in two wheat cultivars: ‘Zhoumai 36’ and ‘Angong 38’. Samples were collected from the second basal internode of stems at three growth stages: anthesis, grain filling, and maturity. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were utilized to examine cellular morphology, measure cell wall thickness, and analyze microfibril angles and crystallite sizes within the cell walls. Tensile tests were conducted to determine the tensile strength and elastic modulus of the stem samples. The relationship between cellular structural characteristics and stem mechanical strength was systematically investigated. The results demonstrated that during the developmental transition from anthesis to maturity, the elastic modulus of the stems in the two wheat varieties exhibited divergent trends: a decrease from 1.60 ± 0.08 GPa to 1.25 ± 0.04 GPa (mean ± SEM) in ‘Zhoumai 36’ and an increase from 1.15 ± 0.07 GPa to 1.48 ± 0.18 GPa (mean ± SEM) in ‘Angong 38’ These differences were accompanied by variations in water content between the two varieties. Furthermore, it was observed that the thickness of the S2 layer (the middle layers of the secondary cell wall) in both sclerenchyma and vessel cells showed a positive correlation with stem elastic modulus. Conversely, the microfibril angle of the S2 layer displayed a negative correlation with elastic modulus. Cellulose crystallite size varied across the growth stages, ranging from 1.22 ± 0.10 nm to 1.83 ± 0.30 nm (mean ± SEM) in ‘Zhoumai 36’ and from 1.42 ± 0.11 nm to 1.85 ± 0.23 nm (mean ± SEM) in ‘Angong 38’, respectively, and this parameter also exhibited a positive correlation with elastic modulus. This study clarified the variation trends of stem elastic modulus in wheat cultivars ‘Zhoumai 36’ and ‘Angong 38’ from anthesis to maturity and revealed, through experimental determination and correlation analysis, the microscale quantitative relationships between the stem cellular structural characteristics (S2 layer thickness, S2 layer microfibril angle, and cellulose crystallite size) and mechanical strength (characterized by elastic modulus) in the two cultivars.