The objective of this research is to improve water treatment use of the electric spark method. Studies on the treatment of multicomponent galvanic effluent by the electric spark method using metal loading (Fe, Al) and low-voltage (up to 1000 V) equipment have been carried out. The factors that have the largest influence on the degree of galvanic wastewaters purification are the conditions and parameters of the discharge pulse—an efficiency of approximately 0.8–0.85 has a specific energy, which at moderate concentrations of pollutants can be less than 65 kJ/dm³ (18 kWh/m³)—and the metal loading height. Other variable technological parameters can serve either as scaling tools or as methods for regulating the operation of electrical equipment. The research shows that the degree of purification depends on the specific energy and the height of the metal loading of the reactor, and it weakly depends on the pulse energy and the speed of its input. The concentrations of heavy metals (Zn²⁺, Cr⁶⁺+Cr³⁺, Cu²⁺) in the treated water are significantly lower than their maximal permissible concentrations. The electric spark method allows us to achieve highly efficient results of wastewater treatment from heavy metals.

The process of non-reagent adjustment of the pH of a NaCl solution (0.5 g/L) of different acidity was investigated by the method of bipolar electrodialysis on a device operating according to the K-system (concentration). The experiments were carried out in the range pH = 2.0–12.0 with monopolar cation-exchange MK-40 (for alkaline solutions) or anion-exchange MA-40 (for acidic solutions) and bipolar MB-2 membranes. The regularities of the change in the pH of the solution on the current density, process productivity and energy consumption for the neutralization process have been investigated. Revealed: with different productivity of the apparatus (Q = 0.5–1.5 m^3/h), in the range of pH 3.0–11.0, with an increase in the current density, a neutral pH value is achieved. It has been shown that at pH above 11.0 and below 3.0, even at high current densities (i > 20 A/m²), its value cannot be changed. This is due to the neutralization of the H⁺ or OH⁻ ions generated by the bipolar membrane by water ions, which are formed as a result of the dissociation of water molecules at the border of the monopolar membrane and the solution under conditions when the value of current exceeds the limiting value.

The widespread use of surfactants increasingly requires the development and application of reliable methods for the demineralization of wastewaters, preventing environmental pollution. One of the most reliable and effective methods of demineralization of wastewaters is the electrodialysis method. Studying the behavior of large organic ions in the membrane is important for modeling cell membranes and purification of medicinal and biological preparations. The sorption characteristics of the MA-40 and MK-40 ion-exchange membranes in solutions of simple and organic electrolytes, and in a solution of the surfactant were investigated. It was found that the sorption of organic ions by membranes is mainly of an ion-exchange nature. The moisture content and elasticity of the membranes decreases in solutions of organic electrolytes, during the sorption of which the membrane becomes brittle. A study showed that in the solutions of organic electrolytes, the MA-40 membrane retains high electrochemical activity, while the MK-40 in a solution of the surfactant completely loses it. From the data obtained in this work, it is shown that organic ions do not present a hazard when water is desalted by electrodialysis, whereas sorption of surfactant ions leads to membrane poisoning.

The study of the electrical conductivity of ion-exchange membranes in equilibrium electrolyte solutions is of great importance for the theory of membrane processes, in particular for practical electrodialysis. The purpose of the work is to determine the electrical conductivity of industrial ion-exchange membranes MK-40 and MA-40, as well as their basis—granules of a bulk layer of industrial ion exchangers KU-2-8 and EDE-10p, by differential and modified contact methods in electrolyte solutions and the development of a new methodology that will give the values that are closest to the true ones; determination of the dependence of electrical membrane conductivity depending on the type of counterion and concentration equilibrium solution and granules of a bulk layer of ion exchangers on the volume fraction of a dry ion exchanger with different degrees of compaction. It is shown that the dependence of the electrical conductivity of diaphragms on the electrolyte concentration, according to theoretical ideas, disappears under compression. It has been experimentally established that the difference method gives lower values of electrical conductivity in the region of low concentrations. The data obtained by the contact method are in good agreement with the results obtained for compressed diaphragms. The membrane conductivity decreases with increasing ion size.

The studies were conducted on the natural waters of Georgia: Gortubani and Naminauri (Adigeni region), Danisparauli, Dandalo and Makhinjauri (Adjara region) which exhibit medicinal properties. The following water indicators were determined: titratable acidity, electrical conductivity, hardness, the content of solids, sulfates, chlorides, hydrocarbonates, nitrates, ammonium salts and metals. These indicators were determined in the source water, as well as in the concentrate and permeate obtained by ultrafiltration. The productivity of the ultrafiltration process was determined, its dependence on the duration of the process, the applied pressure and the location of the spring. The productivity of the Danisparauli water ultrafiltration process decreases with time; the productivity remains unchanged during the filtration of the Makhinjauri and Naminauri waters; during ultrafiltration, the titratable acidity of the Makhinjauri water increases significantly, by 66.5%, that of the water Naminauri by 36.6%, the titratable acidity of the Danisparauli water remains unchanged, the sulfide ion content in the Makhinjauri water increases by 12%, and in the Naminauri water by 35.5%, the chloride content in the process of concentrating practically does not change. It was found that all the investigated waters are contaminated with heavy metals and the population should not use them for treatment. The data obtained can be used to simulate the purification of natural sources.