Background: At present, “Belt and Road” (“B&R”) member states (accounting for about 61.78% of the world’s population) face different types of cancer threats to varying degrees. We analyzed the incidence and mortality and risk factors of cancer in the member countries of the “B&R” to explore the basis of health and medical cooperation between countries and provide a foundation for formulating cancer prevention and control policies for building a healthy "B&R." Methods: Data were derived from the Global Cancer Observatory and Cancer Country Profiles in 2020. Incidence and mortality were age-standardized rates (ASRs). Population attributable fractions (PAFs) was applied to measure risk factors of cancers in the “B&R” countries. The mortality­to­incidence ratio (MIR) was calculated by dividing the mortality rate by the incidence rate. Results: A total of 26 cancers were included in the study. Lung, breast, colorectal, stomach, liver, prostate, cervical, esophageal, thyroid, and uterine cancers were the most common and highest in age-standardized mortality in the “B&R” countries. For men, Hungary had the highest cancer age-standardized incidence and mortality (ASR, 289.3 per 100,000 and ASR, 235.7 per 100,000, respectively), followed by Latvia (ASR, 288.6 per 100,000 and ASR, 196.5 per 100,000, respectively). In females, the highest incidence rates were estimated in Greece (ASR, 238.7 per 100,000), and the highest mortality rate was Brunei (ASR, 192.3 per 100,000). All countries were in the middle or high HDI range, with about half (46.88%) of countries achieving high HDI, mostly in Central and Eastern Europe (13 countries) and West Asia (10 countries). The United Arab Emirates had the highest MIR in male and female (1.59 vs 2.19). Tobacco products, infectious factors, and ultraviolet rays were the three main cancer risk factors in the “B&R” countries. Conclusion: The overall burden of cancer in the countries along the “B&R” remains substantial, while the corresponding cancer prevention and control policies need to be improved. Strengthening health cooperation among member countries will contribute to a joint response to the risks and challenges posed by cancer.

Objective: : To study the correlation between alcohol consumption and the risks of liver, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and gastric cancers in China mainland by meta-analysis. Methods: : We systematically searched electronic databases to identify the case–control studies that reported the association between alcohol consumption and the risks of liver, ESCC, and gastric cancers from January 1, 2010 to April 1, 2020. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to evaluate literature quality, and I ² analyzes were used to evaluate the heterogeneity. Results: : A total of 2855-related studies were retrieved. After conditional screening, we included 26 case–control studies for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that alcohol consumption was associated with increased risks of liver, ESCC, and gastric cancers (total pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58–2.11; liver cancer OR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.39–2.40; ESCC OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.66–2.40; gastric-cancer OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.10–2.15). Subgroup analysis results showed that the pooled ORs of volume of alcohol consumed, years of drinking, age of starting drinking, and drinking status were 1.71 (95% CI, 1.36–2.15), 1.65 (95% CI, 1.33–2.06), 1.38 (95% CI, 0.98–1.94), and 2.00 (95% CI, 1.42-2.81), respectively. Regression analysis showed that geographical region was a source of heterogeneity. Conclusion: : Alcohol consumption increased the risks of liver cancer, ESCC, and gastric cancers in China. Volume of alcohol consumed, years of drinking, age of starting drinking, and drinking status were all significant factors for these risks.