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This chapter examines the vital role that port states play, through inspections under the regime of port state control, in the reduction of air pollution and the mitigation of climate change, particularly by ensuring ships’ compliance with Annex VI “Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships” of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), 1973, as amended. This chapter also revisits the effectiveness of port state control as a compliance mechanism within the context of MARPOL Annex VI.
Maximo Q. MejiaJr.. Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Port State Control. Maritime Women: Global Leadership 2020, 525 -545.
AMA StyleMaximo Q. MejiaJr.. Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Port State Control. Maritime Women: Global Leadership. 2020; ():525-545.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaximo Q. MejiaJr.. 2020. "Air Pollution, Climate Change, and Port State Control." Maritime Women: Global Leadership , no. : 525-545.
As a response to the strong political and public outcry for more stringent regulations regarding safety of ships in the wake of a series of maritime disasters in the 1980s and 1990s, the European Commission adopted a number of Directives on Ports State Control (PSC) that has made the provisions of the Paris Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on PSC binding on all EU Member States (MSs). Directive 2009/16/EC, as amended, which entered into force on January 2011, is the latest version of those Directives. Aside from specifying targeting, inspection, and detention procedures, this piece of legislation establishes that each Member State (MS) shall be inspected every five years by the European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) to monitor the level of implementation and enforcement of the Directive. We analysed 25 inspection reports prepared by the Agency in connection with MSs inspections, to determine levels of implementation, compliance, and harmonisation with the provisions of the Directive 2009/16/EC. This article summarizes the main shortcomings and observations as identified in the inspection reports and concludes that while the Directive has been properly implemented by the MSs, there remain areas where harmonisation is yet to be achieved. In detail, this article detects gaps between policy and practice for EU policy makers which aim at ensuring a level playing field in Europe and avoid safety competition among countries.
Armando Graziano; Maximo Q. Mejia; Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs. Achievements and challenges on the implementation of the European Directive on Port State Control. Transport Policy 2018, 72, 97 -108.
AMA StyleArmando Graziano, Maximo Q. Mejia, Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs. Achievements and challenges on the implementation of the European Directive on Port State Control. Transport Policy. 2018; 72 ():97-108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArmando Graziano; Maximo Q. Mejia; Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs. 2018. "Achievements and challenges on the implementation of the European Directive on Port State Control." Transport Policy 72, no. : 97-108.
Armando Graziano; Pierre Cariou; François-Charles Wolff; Maximo Q. Mejia Jr.; Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs. Port state control inspections in the European Union: Do inspector's number and background matter? Marine Policy 2018, 88, 230 -241.
AMA StyleArmando Graziano, Pierre Cariou, François-Charles Wolff, Maximo Q. Mejia Jr., Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs. Port state control inspections in the European Union: Do inspector's number and background matter? Marine Policy. 2018; 88 ():230-241.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArmando Graziano; Pierre Cariou; François-Charles Wolff; Maximo Q. Mejia Jr.; Jens-Uwe Schröder-Hinrichs. 2018. "Port state control inspections in the European Union: Do inspector's number and background matter?" Marine Policy 88, no. : 230-241.
Over the more than three decades starting with the 1990s, at least 6,000 robberies and violent attacks against merchant vessels have been reported to the International Maritime Bureau (IMB) of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). Pirates and armed robbers prey upon merchant ships with impunity in many of the world’s waters. In 2010 alone, 1,181 persons were reported taken hostage, 37 were injured, and 8 were killed. During the same year, 196 ships were boarded, 107 were fired upon, and 53 were hijacked. In 2011, 802 were taken hostage, 42 injured, and 8 were killed; 176 ships were boarded, 113 ships fired upon, and 45 were hijacked. In 2012, 585 people were taken hostage, 28 were injured, and 6 were killed; while 174 ships were boarded, 28 were fired upon, and 28 were hijacked.
Maximo Q. Mejia; Chie Kojima; Mark Sawyer. The Malmö Declaration: Calling for a Multi-Sectoral Response to Piracy. Maritime Women: Global Leadership 2013, 1 -15.
AMA StyleMaximo Q. Mejia, Chie Kojima, Mark Sawyer. The Malmö Declaration: Calling for a Multi-Sectoral Response to Piracy. Maritime Women: Global Leadership. 2013; ():1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaximo Q. Mejia; Chie Kojima; Mark Sawyer. 2013. "The Malmö Declaration: Calling for a Multi-Sectoral Response to Piracy." Maritime Women: Global Leadership , no. : 1-15.
Maximo Q. Mejia. Erratum to: Natalie Klein: Maritime security and the law of the sea. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 2012, 11, 249 -249.
AMA StyleMaximo Q. Mejia. Erratum to: Natalie Klein: Maritime security and the law of the sea. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. 2012; 11 (2):249-249.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaximo Q. Mejia. 2012. "Erratum to: Natalie Klein: Maritime security and the law of the sea." WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 11, no. 2: 249-249.
This "rutter for piracy" begins with a brief update on contemporary piratical incidents and a short review of books and collections of articles dedicated to the topic of piracy, before presenting the ground-breaking group of scholarly essays which make up WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs' special issue on piracy at sea.
Samuel Pyeatt Menefee; Maximo Q. Mejia. A “rutter for piracy” in 2012. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 2012, 11, 1 -13.
AMA StyleSamuel Pyeatt Menefee, Maximo Q. Mejia. A “rutter for piracy” in 2012. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. 2012; 11 (1):1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSamuel Pyeatt Menefee; Maximo Q. Mejia. 2012. "A “rutter for piracy” in 2012." WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 11, no. 1: 1-13.
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Substandard Vessels Using PSC Data: A Survey Descriptive Statistics Determinants of Deficiencies Recurrent Deficiencies and State Dependence Effects Summary Notes References
Pierre Cariou; François-Charles Wolff; Maximo Q. Mejia Jr.. Port State Control Inspection Deficiencies. The Blackwell Companion to Maritime Economics 2012, 656 -673.
AMA StylePierre Cariou, François-Charles Wolff, Maximo Q. Mejia Jr.. Port State Control Inspection Deficiencies. The Blackwell Companion to Maritime Economics. 2012; ():656-673.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre Cariou; François-Charles Wolff; Maximo Q. Mejia Jr.. 2012. "Port State Control Inspection Deficiencies." The Blackwell Companion to Maritime Economics , no. : 656-673.
Maximo Q. Mejia; Pierre Cariou; Francois-Charles Wolff. Piracy in Shipping. The Blackwell Companion to Maritime Economics 2012, 346 -370.
AMA StyleMaximo Q. Mejia, Pierre Cariou, Francois-Charles Wolff. Piracy in Shipping. The Blackwell Companion to Maritime Economics. 2012; ():346-370.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaximo Q. Mejia; Pierre Cariou; Francois-Charles Wolff. 2012. "Piracy in Shipping." The Blackwell Companion to Maritime Economics , no. : 346-370.
This paper reports on the recently concluded Conference of Parties to the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watch keeping for Seafarers, 1978, in which major revisions to the Convention and its associated Code were adopted. The diplomatic conference was held in Manila, Philippines, from 21–25 June 2010.
Maximo Q. Mejia. The STCW Conference in Manila. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 2010, 9, 231 -234.
AMA StyleMaximo Q. Mejia. The STCW Conference in Manila. WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. 2010; 9 (2):231-234.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaximo Q. Mejia. 2010. "The STCW Conference in Manila." WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs 9, no. 2: 231-234.
Target factors aim at setting criteria to select foreign vessels that should be inspected by port state control authorities. Although a relative consensus exists on the main factors to consider in selecting vessels, the weight to be given to these factors is still unclear. Using data on 26 515 PSC inspections that took place within the Indian Ocean MoU region from 2002 to 2006, we investigate the determinants of the number of deficiencies and of the probability of detention. Our results show that the main contributors to detention are the age of the vessel at inspection (40%), the recognised organization (31%) and the place where the inspection occurs (17%). Also, differences in detention rates amongst various inspecting authorities are essentially explained by differences in the characteristics of vessels calling in a specific country rather than by differences in the way inspections are done.
Pierre Cariou; Maximo Q. Mejia; Francois-Charles Wolff. Evidence on target factors used for port state control inspections. Marine Policy 2009, 33, 847 -859.
AMA StylePierre Cariou, Maximo Q. Mejia, Francois-Charles Wolff. Evidence on target factors used for port state control inspections. Marine Policy. 2009; 33 (5):847-859.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre Cariou; Maximo Q. Mejia; Francois-Charles Wolff. 2009. "Evidence on target factors used for port state control inspections." Marine Policy 33, no. 5: 847-859.
Far from being an extinct phenomenon, piracy still exists in the modern world and is a growing menace to the security and safety of shipping. Using the data on attacks against vessels reported between 1996 and 2005 merged with the data on the total world merchant fleet, this article inquires whether acts of piracy are a truly random occurrence. Results show that both flag of registry and type of vessel are significant factors in explaining maritime piracy.
Maximo Q. Mejia Jr; Pierre Cariou; Francois-Charles Wolff. Is maritime piracy random? Applied Economics Letters 2009, 16, 891 -895.
AMA StyleMaximo Q. Mejia Jr, Pierre Cariou, Francois-Charles Wolff. Is maritime piracy random? Applied Economics Letters. 2009; 16 (9):891-895.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaximo Q. Mejia Jr; Pierre Cariou; Francois-Charles Wolff. 2009. "Is maritime piracy random?" Applied Economics Letters 16, no. 9: 891-895.
This paper uses 4080 observations from the Swedish Maritime Administration (1996–2001) to test how vessel’s characteristics influence the length of time between two port state control inspections (PSC) along with the number of deficiencies detected during PSC. It also investigates whether a ship that has undergone PSC inspection at a certain time exhibits a reduction in the total number of deficiencies detected during the next control. Estimates from Poisson models stress that the age of the vessel, ship type, and flag of registry appear to be significant predictors. Subsequently, the analysis on 874 repeated inspections shows that following a PSC inspection, the reported deficiencies during next inspection is reduced by 63%.
Pierre Cariou; Maximo Q. Mejia Jr.; Francois-Charles Wolff. On the effectiveness of port state control inspections. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 2008, 44, 491 -503.
AMA StylePierre Cariou, Maximo Q. Mejia Jr., Francois-Charles Wolff. On the effectiveness of port state control inspections. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review. 2008; 44 (3):491-503.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre Cariou; Maximo Q. Mejia Jr.; Francois-Charles Wolff. 2008. "On the effectiveness of port state control inspections." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 44, no. 3: 491-503.
Pierre Cariou; Maximo Q. Mejia; Francois-Charles Wolff. An econometric analysis of deficiencies noted in port state control inspections. Maritime Policy & Management 2007, 34, 243 -258.
AMA StylePierre Cariou, Maximo Q. Mejia, Francois-Charles Wolff. An econometric analysis of deficiencies noted in port state control inspections. Maritime Policy & Management. 2007; 34 (3):243-258.
Chicago/Turabian StylePierre Cariou; Maximo Q. Mejia; Francois-Charles Wolff. 2007. "An econometric analysis of deficiencies noted in port state control inspections." Maritime Policy & Management 34, no. 3: 243-258.