The expansion of adipose tissue is an adaptive mechanism that increases nutrient buffering capacity in response to an overall positive energy balance. Over the course of expansion, the adipose microenvironment undergoes continual remodeling to maintain its structural and functional integrity. However, in the long run, adipose tissue remodeling, typically characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, immune cells infiltration, fibrosis and changes in vascular architecture, generates mechanical stress on adipose cells. This mechanical stimulus is then transduced into a biochemical signal that alters adipose function through mechanotransduction. In this review, we describe the physical changes occurring during adipose tissue remodeling, and how they regulate adipose cell physiology and promote obesity-associated dysfunction in adipose tissue.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly NAFLD, is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Strongly linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, MASLD poses a growing health burden. Despite its high prevalence and risk of progression, no pharmacological treatment is currently approved. This narrative review provides an overview of emerging pharmacological treatments under clinical investigation, with a particular focus on agents recently evaluated in randomized clinical trials. A systematic search of the ClinicalTrials.gov database through to April 2025 was conducted to identify relevant studies. Investigational drugs were categorized by their molecular mechanisms, and data on efficacy, safety, and clinical development phases were summarized. The most extensively studied drug classes include GLP-1 receptor agonists, PPAR agonists, and FXR agonists, as well as inhibitors of ACC and DGAT. These therapies have shown promising effects on hepatic steatosis, liver enzyme levels, and metabolic markers and may be introduced into clinical practice in the near future.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most commonly occurring diseases within western dietary patterns. Usually untreated, it may lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Besides its severe aftermath, up to now, there is no known therapeutic approach to this disease in everyday clinical practice. Most NAFLD patients are encouraged to do physical activities or diet change and remain without pharmacological treatment. In this study, we present phloroglucinol (PHG) as a novel and promising compound in NAFLD treatment. PHG significantly increased the level of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants both in palmitate and hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress models. Strengthened antioxidative defense reduced the oxidative/nitrosative damage to cell proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Furthermore, PHG treatment reduced hepatic steatosis; lowered inflammatory markers, such as NF‐κB or HIF‐1α; and inhibited cell apoptosis. Moreover, PHG had a more comprehensive effect than other commonly used antioxidants: N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and α‐lipoic acid (ALA), suggesting its clinical usability. Therefore, our paper supports the benefits of natural compounds as a therapeutical approach to NAFLD.