The most appropriate surgical treatment for pilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is still in dispute. This study aims to comprehensively compare the outcomes of surgical interventions using network meta-analysis. Randomized controlled trial studies were searched systematically to identify all eligible studies in multiple databases and previous publications and Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed. Our primary outcome was the recurrence rate. Differences in the findings of the studies were explored in meta regressions and sensitivity analyses. The risk of bias of each study was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Confidence in evidence was assessed using CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis). A total of 39 studies and 5,061 patients were identified and the most common surgical intervention was the Limberg flap. In network meta-analysis, modified Limberg flap and off-midline closure were associated with the lowest recurrence rate. However, the Karydakis flap was associated with shorter operation time by several minutes compared with other interventions and few significant results were found in other outcomes. Modified Limberg flap and off-midline closure provided relatively low recurrence and complications rates. Therefore, they could be two promising surgical interventions for PSD patients.

With the rise of bioelectronic sensors, E-skin integrated systems capable of maintaining high performance for monitoring human motion under repeated stretching and deformation conditions have attracted extensive attention. However, injuries are inevitable in life, which limits the continuous monitoring of the entire system. To solve this dilemma, a core–shell structured silk-fibroin@AgNP nanoparticle (SF@AgNP NPs) and MXene nanosheet functionalized hydrogel with excellent antibacterial and balanced mechanical properties were designed and assembled to build a novel flexible, multifunctional, and human motion monitoring bio-system promoting wound healing. The resulting hydrogel exhibited comprehensive mechanical performance and dual self-recovery ability, as well as extreme adhesion ability and reversible bonding behavior to various materials. In addition, the as-assembled sensor shows incomparable dual-sensing performance (linear ultra-sensitivity of 860.6 kPa⁻¹) and a wide sensing range, which could repeatedly and closely adhere to human skin to detect large-scale and subtle human behaviors. Furthermore, due to the synergistic effect of antibacterial properties combined with electrical stimulation, hydrogel could provide a strong angiogenesis effect and enhanced collagen production on diabetic wounds for rapid wound healing, thus effectively protecting high-risk individuals. In this way, it is believed that the hydrogels designed here with all-in-one multifunctionality hold great promise in wearable devices and bioelectronics.

Due to a strong retardation effect of o-nitrobenzyl ester on polymerization, it is still a great challenge to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers for polymersomes with a o-nitrobenzyl ester-based hydrophobic block. Herein, we present one such solution to prepare amphiphilic block copolymers with pure poly (o-nitrobenzyl acrylate) (PNBA) as the hydrophobic block and poly (N,N’-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) as the hydrophilic block using bulk reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of o-nitrobenzyl acrylate using a PDMA macro-RAFT agent. The developed amphiphilic block copolymers have a suitable hydrophobic/hydrophilic ratio and can self-assemble into photoresponsive polymersomes for co-loading hydrophobic and hydrophilic cargos into hydrophobic membranes and aqueous compartments of the polymersomes. The polymersomes demonstrate a clear photo-responsive characteristic. Exposure to light irradiation at 365 nm can trigger a photocleavage reaction of o-nitrobenzyl groups, which results in dissociation of the polymersomes with simultaneous co-release of hydrophilic and hydrophobic cargoes on demand. Therefore, these polymersomes have great potential as a smart drug delivery nanocarrier for controllable loading and releasing of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drug molecules. Moreover, taking advantage of the conditional releasing of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, the drug delivery system has potential use in medical applications such as cancer therapy.