Excessive Postpartum Weight Retention (PWR) is postulated to increase the risk of adverse health outcomes for mothers and offspring. Using data from the Mother and Infant Nutritional Assessment (MINA) cohort in Lebanon and Qatar, this study aimed to examine PWR and its determinants at 6 months after delivery. Pregnant women (n = 183) were recruited during their first trimester and were followed up through pregnancy and after delivery. During this period, face-to-face interviews as well as extraction from medical charts were conducted to collect data regarding the socioeconomic, anthropometric and dietary intake of participants. The mean PWR (kg) among participants was 3.1 ± 5.6 at delivery, and 3.3 ± 5.3 and 2.7 ± 4.7 at 4 and 6 months after delivery, respectively. Results of the multiple logistic regression analyses showed that a Qatari nationality and excessive GWG were associated with higher odds of a high PWR (above median) while an insufficient GWG had lower odds. After adjustment for energy, participants with a high PWR reported a greater intake of proteins, Trans fat, cholesterol, sodium and lower intakes of mono and polyunsaturated fat as compared to those with a low PWR (below median). These findings suggested priority areas for interventions to prevent excessive PWR amongst women of childbearing age in Lebanon and Qatar.

Objective To evaluate the performance of two versions of ChatGPT, GPT4 and GPT3.5, on the Final FRCR (Part A) also referred to as FRCR Part 2A radiology exam. The primary objective is to assess whether these large language models (LLMs) can effectively answer radiology test questions while providing accurate explanations for the answers. Methods The evaluation involves a total of 281 multiple choice questions, combining the 41 FRCR sample questions found on The Royal Collage of Radiologists website and 240 questions from a supplementary test bank. Both GPT4 and GPT3.5 were given the 281 questions with the answer choices, and their responses were assessed for correctness and accuracy of the explanations provided. The 41 FRCR sample questions difficulty was ranked into “low order” and “high order” questions. A significance level of p<0.05 was used. Results GPT4 demonstrated significant improvement over GPT3.5 in answering the 281 questions, achieving 76.5% correct answers compared to 52.7%, respectively (p<0.001). GPT4 demonstrated significant improvement over GPT3.5 in providing accurate explanations for the 41 FRCR sample questions, with an accuracy of 65.9% and 31.7% respectively (p=0.002). The difficulty of the question did not significantly affect the models’ performances. Conclusion The findings of this study demonstrate a significant improvement in the performance of GPT4 compared to GPT3.5 on FRCR style examination. However, the accuracy of the provided explanations might limit the models’ reliability as learning tools. Advances in Knowledge The study indirectly explores the potential of LLMs to contribute to the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of medical imaging while raising questions about the current LLMs limitations in providing reliable explanations for radiology related questions hindering its uses for learning and in clinical practice. Highlights ChatGPT4 passed an FRCR part 2A style exam while ChatGPT3.5 did not. ChatGPT4 showed significantly higher correctness of answers and accuracy of explanations. No significant difference in performance was observed between “high order” and “lower order” questions. Explanation accuracy was lower than correct answers rate limiting the Models’ reliability as learning tools.

A culturally adapted screening tool for mental health and dietary quality is needed to address the significant challenges in mental health and suboptimal diets among college students. The purpose of this study was to validate the Food-Mood Questionnaire (FMQ), originally developed in English, among Arab college students. Students attending the University of Sharjah were invited to complete the questionnaire (n = 224). Two weeks later, participants completed the same questionnaire again. An exploratory factor analysis revealed three main factors: mental distress, prudent and Western diets. Cronbach’s α was 0.86, 0.72, and 0.531 for the three factors, respectively. The Intra-Class-Correlation (ICC) for the test–retest reliability ranged from 0.67 to 0.87 (p < 0.001). The findings of this study showed that the Arabic version of the FMQ is a valid and reliable tool and could be used to screen for the mental distress and dietary intake of college students in the Arab world.