In order to develop high-yielding genotypes of adapted maize, multilocation trials of maize were performed including forty-five maize hybrids exploiting genetic variability, trait associations, and diversity. The experiments were laid out in an RCB design and data were recorded on eight yield and yield-contributing traits, viz., days to anthesis (AD), days to silking (SD), anthesis–silking interval (ASI), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), kernels per ear (KPE), thousand-kernel weight (TKW), and grain yield (GY). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant variation present among the different traits under study. The phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) showed a higher value than the genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV), indicating the environmental influence on the expression of the traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was found for these traits, indicative of additive gene action. The trait associations showed that genotypic correlation was higher than phenotypic correlation. Based on genetic diversity, the total genotypes were divided into four clusters, and the maximum number of 16 genotypes was found in cluster IV. Among the eight yield and yield-contributing traits, PH, ASI, EH, and TKW were the important traits for variability creation and were mostly responsible for yield. Genotypes G5, G8, G27, G29, and G42 were in the top ranks based on grain yield over locations, while a few others showed region-centric performances; all these genotypes can be recommended upon validation for commercial release. The present findings show the existence of proper genetic variability and divergence among traits, and the identified traits can be used in a maize improvement program.

The presence of high levels of carcinogenic metalloid arsenic (As) in the groundwater system of Bangladesh has been considered as one of the major environmental disasters in this region. Many parts of Bangladesh have extensively reported the presence of high levels of arsenic in the groundwater due to both geological and anthropogenic activities. In this paper, we reviewed the available literature and scientific information regarding arsenic pollution in Bangladesh, including arsenic chemistry and occurrences. Along with using As-rich groundwater as a drinking-water source, the agricultural activities and especially irrigation have greatly depended on the groundwater resources in this region due to high water demands for ensuring food security. A number of investigations in Bangladesh have shown that high arsenic content in both soil and groundwater may result in high levels of arsenic accumulation in different plants, including cereals and vegetables. This review provides information regarding arsenic accumulation in major rice varieties, soil-groundwater-rice arsenic interaction, and past arsenic policies and plans, as well as previously implemented arsenic mitigation options for both drinking and irrigation water systems in Bangladesh. In conclusion, this review highlights the importance and necessity for more in-depth studies as well as more effective arsenic mitigation action plans to reduce arsenic incorporation in the food chain of Bangladesh.

This article presents dataset on agromorphogenic traits of Aloe vera treated by foliar application of Zn (zinc) and vermicompost. Data from yield and yield related characters with morphological traits were collected to assess the effect of vermicompost and Zn. The data showed in this dataset article contained 17 agronomic and morphological traits. The collected data were analyzed using excel, statistix 10.0 and STAR software. The analyzed data presented with the help of ANOVA (analysis of variance), mean comparison, correlation co-efficient and principal component analysis (PCA). Data of microclimate, correlation co-efficient and biplot distribution of principal components were presented graphically. The aim of the article is to ensure the data easily accessible and as a brief source of agricultural management information for crop development and production for researcher.

Flavonols contribute significantly to both plant defense and human health. In apple (Malus domestica), flavonols accumulate at high levels in leaves and fruit skin but are present at low levels in the fruit flesh, the primary tissue consumed by humans. Enhancing flavonol content in the flesh requires a deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns and functional roles of four apple flavonol synthase genes (MdFLS1, 2, 3, 4). MdFLS1, 2, 3 exhibited higher expression in fruit skin than in flesh, while MdFLS4 was not expressed in either tissue. Transient overexpression of each gene promoted flavonol accumulation in apple fruit flesh, indicating that all four genes encode functional flavonol synthases. This enzyme activity was further confirmed through stable overexpression in transgenic Arabidopsis and tomato plants. Notably, light exposure of apple fruit flesh enhanced the expression of MdFLS1 and MdFLS2 and increased flavonol accumulation. These findings advance our understanding of flavonol biosynthesis in apple.

In order to analyze genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and trait associations in Malva parviflora genotypes for agronomic traits, this paper presented a dataset. Seven agronomic traits variation and genetic parameters, including phenotypic and genotypic variance, genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation, broad-sense heritability, genetic advance, traits association, principal component analysis, and heatmap analysis were performed based on phenotypic data. Excel, PBtools, STAR, and R applications were used to analyze the data. There was substantial variation for the traits as revealed by descriptive statistics and variance analysis. Graphical presentation showed for principal component analysis and heatmap analysis. Researchers can use this dataset as guide to their plan for improvement this crop as leafy vegetables.