The COVID-19 pandemic impacted on academic routine because of the social distancing measures. This study examined the relationships of sociodemographic characteristics, social distancing aspects and psychosocial factors on psychosocial well-being among undergraduate students during the social distancing period due to COVID-19. A web-based survey was conducted of undergraduate students at a public university in Brazil (n = 620). Demographics, socioeconomic status (SES), social distancing factors, negative affectivity (DASS-21), sense of coherence (SOC-13), social support and psychosocial well-being (GHQ-12) were measured. The direct and indirect links between was variables was tested using structural equation modelling. The estimated model showed that greater social support, higher sense of coherence and lower negative affectivity were directly associated with better psychological well-being. Female gender, higher SES, not working during the social distancing period and availability of online modules were indirectly associated with psychological well-being through psychosocial factors. Working during the social distancing period and availability of online modules mediated the link of age, gender, SES with psychological well-being. Our findings suggest the need to provide psychological support, online teaching and financial aid to undergraduate students during the social distancing period due to COVID-19 pandemic to improve their psychological well-being.

To analyze the performance of the Programa Farmácia Popular do Brasil (FPB - Brazilian Popular Pharmacy Program) in the public and private sectors, in terms of availability and cost of medicines for hypertension and diabetes. The methodology developed by the World Health Organization, in partnership with the Health Action International, was used to compare medicines prices and availability. This study was performed in May 2007, in different sectors (public, private and the Program's government-managed [FPB-P] and private-sector-managed [FPB-E] categories), in 30 cities in Brazil. A total of four medicines were analyzed: captopril 25mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25mg for hypertension; and metformin 500mg and glibenclamide 5mg for diabetes. FPB-E showed greatest medicine availability, while the public sector the lowest. The percentage of availability of similar medicines was higher than that of generic medicines, both in the public sector and in the FPB-P. Comparison of prices among sectors showed a lower purchase price in the FPB-E, followed by the FPB-P. The FPB-E charged prices that were over 90% cheaper than those in the private sector. The number of working days required to obtain treatment for hypertension and diabetes were fewer in the FPB-E. The lower availability found in the public sector could be one of the reasons for the migration of users from the public sector to the FPB. The high prices in the private sector also contribute for this Program to be an alternative of medicine access in Brazil.

Desde o início da pandemia, muitos medicamentos já utilizados em outras doenças foram propostos como possibilidades terapêuticas contra COVID-19 - os chamados medicamentos “reposicionados”, entre eles a cloroquina e seu derivado, a hidroxicloroquina, a ivermectina, a nitazoxanida, o remdesivir e a azitromicina. Entretanto, quase um ano após o início da pandemia, não há evidências científicas que respaldem o uso dessas substâncias na prevenção ou tratamento da COVID-19 ^2,3,4,5,6.

Clinical outcomes related to congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) include microcephaly accompanied by specific brain injuries. Among several CZS outcomes that have been described, epilepsy and motor impairments are present in most cases. Pharmacological treatment for seizures resulting from epilepsy is performed with anticonvulsant drugs, which in the long term are related to impairments in the child’s neuropsychomotor development. Here, we describe the results from a two-year follow-up of a cohort of children diagnosed with CZS related to the growth of the head circumference and some neurological and motor outcomes, including the pharmacological approach, and its results in the treatment of epileptic seizures. This paper is part of a prospective cohort study carried out in the state of Mato Grosso Sul, Brazil, based on a Zika virus (ZIKV)-exposed child population. Our data were focused on the assessment of head circumference growth and some neurological and motor findings, including the description of seizure conditions and pharmacological management in two periods. Among the 11 children evaluated, 8 had severe microcephaly associated with motor impairment and/or epilepsy. Seven children were diagnosed with epilepsy. Of these, 3 had West syndrome. In four children with other forms of epilepsy, there was no pharmacological control.

RESUMO A regulação de preços visa garantir sustentabilidade à assistência farmacêutica. Com o objetivo de discutir criticamente o tema, elaborou-se um ensaio sustentado em análise documental (2000-2017) da regulação econômica da indústria farmacêutica brasileira na Câmara de Regulação de Medicamentos (CMED), periódicos, teses e publicações do Legislativo e indústria farmacêutica. Vigorando há 15 anos, a Lei nº 10.742/2003 instituiu um modelo de teto de preços, compreendendo estabelecimento de preços máximos para medicamentos e reajustes anuais por fórmula definida em lei. Modelo, implementação e fórmula são alvos de crítica. A fórmula vincula reajustes ao Índice Nacional de Preços ao Consumidor Amplo - IPCA (inflação), agregando índices de custos de produção, concorrência e produtividade setoriais. A longevidade do modelo, sem realinhamento periódico dos tetos aos preços de mercado recomendado na literatura especializada, tem gerado preços máximos descolados da realidade, que aumentam a assimetria de informação e podem respaldar futuros aumentos abusivos. A priorização da eficiência do mercado em detrimento do combate à assimetria de informações no modelo regulatório tem reduzido a força dos consumidores no debate. O atual modelo avançou em relação às políticas de preços liberados, mas seu aperfeiçoamento pressupõe a apropriação do tema e crescente participação de consumidores e profissionais de saúde no processo regulatório.

Brazil spent around BRL 165 million with the public supply of cannabis-derived products from 2015 to mid-2023, with about half of this amount resulting from lawsuits filed against the government ¹. A Federal Bill ² is currently being analyzed in Brazil’s Chamber of Deputies to establish the National Policy for the Supply of Cannabis-Derived Products by the Brazilian Unified National Health System (SUS, acronym in Portuguese). Several bill have already been passed or are under analysis in several states and municipalities nationwide ³.