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Dr. Marco Manzone
Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy

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0 Transportation
0 tractors
0 Agricultural Mechanization
0 Energy Evaluation
0 Fuel Consumption

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Transportation
tractors
biomass production
Fuel Consumption
Maize sowing machines
Woodchip storage
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Journal article
Published: 18 June 2020 in Journal of Agricultural Engineering
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Maize silage is one of the most used feedstock for the anaerobic digestion plants in Italy. As biomass, it is necessary to choose maize hybrids and sowing times to reach the maturity stage at the planned harvest period. In addition, the contractor has to set up transport chains considering distances and other factors affecting the forward speed in function of the supplied biogas plants. This work examined different road conditions (length, weather and congestion) that might influence the maize silage transportation under both the energy and economic points of view. Tests were carried out with an agricultural tractor equipped with two trailers (a turntable steering and a dumper) along six itineraries (6.2, 15.3, 22.1, 32.5, 44.4, and 58.2 km) in two different traffic conditions: high congestion (early morning) and low congestion (evening). Tests were also performed in two seasons with different weather conditions: late Summer and early Autumn. The average forward speed was 27.40 km h–1 with a 15% difference between the best (evening and late Summer) and the worst (early morning and early Autumn) condition, with a productivity that varied between 9.50 and 81.98 m3h–1 respectively. The performed tests confirmed that the energetic evaluation is always positive also in the longest itinerary (58.2 km), but the actual market value of maize silage (52.00 € t–1) limits the convenience of the transportation distance up to 18 km. In conclusion, the study showed that the maize silage transportation using agricultural tractors not only depends on the travelled distance, but also on the road congestion and the weather conditions.

ACS Style

Marco Manzone; Gianfranco Airoldi; Angela Calvo. Transportation of maize silage to biogas plants. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2020, 51, 80 -90.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone, Gianfranco Airoldi, Angela Calvo. Transportation of maize silage to biogas plants. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2020; 51 (2):80-90.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone; Gianfranco Airoldi; Angela Calvo. 2020. "Transportation of maize silage to biogas plants." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 51, no. 2: 80-90.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2020 in Croatian journal of forest engineering
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Farm tractors are still widely used in many forestry operations. Predicting fuel and lubricant costs is difficult because their consumption depends on a number of factors such as hours worked and operations performed. Fuel and lubricant consumption is important since it can have an impact at both the economic and environmental level. Many fuel models have been studied in the last decades, but few studies have focused on oil consumption. The ASABE (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers) Standard suggested a model for predicting engine oil consumption of farm tractors of the 1980s, which are potentially different from modern tractor engines. In addition, the recent widespread application of semi- and full-power-shift and continuous variable transmissions and the high number of hydraulic applications increased the amount of lubrication oil for transmission and hydraulic systems.For these reasons, we analysed 133 4WD recent model farm tractors used in forest operations with the aim to study:Þ engine, transmission and hydraulic system oil capacitiesÞ engine oil change intervals as recommended by the manufacturers.A new equation for engine oil consumption, as a function of the rated engine power, was first used and statistically analysed. It was similar to the equation developed by other authors (with a mean difference of 28%, decreasing to 11% at the highest engine power), but well below the ASABE model (with an average engine oil consumption three times higher). Another equation of total oil consumption related to the rated engine power was then studied and compared with a recent study. The results showed an average difference of 18%, decreasing to 8% at the highest engine power. The differences, due to a different machine dataset (only 4WD farm tractors that can be used for forestry operations were analysed) are, however, minimal also in the engine oil consumption model if compared with the oldest ones: a new proposal is therefore necessary, with new and affordable models for correctly evaluating economic and environmental forestry operation costs when using farm tractors.

ACS Style

Gianfranco Airoldi; Angela Calvo; Marco Manzone. Oil Consumption in 4WD Farm Tractors Used in Forestry Operations. Croatian journal of forest engineering 2020, 41, 333 -345.

AMA Style

Gianfranco Airoldi, Angela Calvo, Marco Manzone. Oil Consumption in 4WD Farm Tractors Used in Forestry Operations. Croatian journal of forest engineering. 2020; 41 (2):333-345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gianfranco Airoldi; Angela Calvo; Marco Manzone. 2020. "Oil Consumption in 4WD Farm Tractors Used in Forestry Operations." Croatian journal of forest engineering 41, no. 2: 333-345.

Journal article
Published: 23 April 2019 in Journal of Agricultural Engineering
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All transportation sectors, in many countries of the world have shown problems related to the presence of snow on roads. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the performances of a snow blower prototype that can be attached in front of different commercial vehicle types (quad-bike, car, and small tractor) specifically developed for urban areas and private use. The prototype was tested using three different pavement types (bare soil, concrete, and asphalt) and with different snow layer thickness (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mm). The highest forward speed (2.51 km h–1) was obtained using the car on asphalt pavement working with a snow layer thickness of 50 mm. In contrast, the lowest forward speed (0.28 km h–1) was observed when the prototype was fixed to the quad-bike and it worked on concrete base with a snow depth of 300 mm. The forward speed, and consequently also the productivity, varied only as a function of snow thickness. The prototype has demonstrated functional quality in all testing conditions leaving only a snow residue after its passage of about 0.18 dm3 on 100 meter of road. The hourly fuel consumption varied between 6.56 and 6.68 litres highlighting an average specific fuel consumption of 319.5 g kWh–1. The snow blower prototype, as it demonstrated good performance in all tested working conditions, seems to be a valid solution in snow-removal especially in private areas where the equipment versatility plays a fundamental rule.

ACS Style

Marco Manzone; Bruno Ruffinengo. Performance of a snow blower prototype mounted on different vehicles type. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2019, 50, 48 -53.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone, Bruno Ruffinengo. Performance of a snow blower prototype mounted on different vehicles type. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2019; 50 (1):48-53.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone; Bruno Ruffinengo. 2019. "Performance of a snow blower prototype mounted on different vehicles type." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 50, no. 1: 48-53.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2019 in Energies
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Baled pruning residue could be a valid solution to reduce the storage surface area in thermal and electrical power station. This study aimed to analyze the storage performance of pruning residues baled by a round baler considering three orchard tree species (apple, peach, and kiwi) and three different techniques (uncovered, under roof, and wrapped). The storage parameters considered were: moisture content, dry mass, and wood energy content of the material. The initial moisture content of the tree orchard specie (apple, peach, and kiwi) was different: lower for peach (41%) and higher for kiwi (51%). At the end of the storage period, all bales (covered and uncovered) obtained similar values to that of the air (about 20%); wrapped bales have highlighted no moisture content variation. The tested tree species showed a similar initial high heating value (18.70 MJ·kg−1), but a different initial low heating value: lower for kiwi (7.96 MJ kg−1) and higher for peach (10.09 MJ·kg−1). No dry matter losses were observed in all test. Stored pruning residues in bales show good benefits in term of “biofuel” quality independent of the techniques adopted expect for the wrapping system that do not permit adequate drying of the biomass.

ACS Style

Marco Manzone; Fabrizio Gioelli; Paolo Balsari. Effects of Different Storage Techniques on Round-Baled Orchard-Pruning Residues. Energies 2019, 12, 1044 .

AMA Style

Marco Manzone, Fabrizio Gioelli, Paolo Balsari. Effects of Different Storage Techniques on Round-Baled Orchard-Pruning Residues. Energies. 2019; 12 (6):1044.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone; Fabrizio Gioelli; Paolo Balsari. 2019. "Effects of Different Storage Techniques on Round-Baled Orchard-Pruning Residues." Energies 12, no. 6: 1044.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2018 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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At present, many farmers prefer to use firewood instead of comminuted wood because it has a lower production cost and limited microbial activity during storage. The goal of this work was to assess the drying storage dynamics of different techniques for firewood storage adopted in Southern Europe (uncovered piles, piles covered with plastic sheets, and piles situated under roofs). In particular, the storage dynamics of firewood were analysed for three different tree species (poplar, beech, and black locust) for a period of 180 days (March–September). Storage dynamics were evaluated for the following key drying physical parameters: moisture content, temperature, heating value, dry matter, and ash content. Initial values of key parameters were different for all forestry species tested. Uncovered piles showed the same drying performance as piles under roofs. After the 180-day drying period, all three species showed a moisture content of about 18% and a lower heating value of 14.52 MJ kg−1. In contrast, storing firewood in piles covered with plastic sheets did not show benefits in terms of moisture content losses and lower heating value increments. No variations were observed between initial and final values of the storage period for temperature, ash content, and dry matter losses.

ACS Style

Marco Manzone. Performance evaluation of different techniques for firewood storage in Southern Europe. Biomass and Bioenergy 2018, 119, 22 -30.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone. Performance evaluation of different techniques for firewood storage in Southern Europe. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2018; 119 ():22-30.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone. 2018. "Performance evaluation of different techniques for firewood storage in Southern Europe." Biomass and Bioenergy 119, no. : 22-30.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Crop Protection
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ACS Style

Marco Manzone; Mario Tamagnone. Reducing pollutant drift from a pneumatic maize seed drill using exhaust air into the fertilizer system. Crop Protection 2018, 109, 110 -114.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone, Mario Tamagnone. Reducing pollutant drift from a pneumatic maize seed drill using exhaust air into the fertilizer system. Crop Protection. 2018; 109 ():110-114.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone; Mario Tamagnone. 2018. "Reducing pollutant drift from a pneumatic maize seed drill using exhaust air into the fertilizer system." Crop Protection 109, no. : 110-114.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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Woodchip is the most widespread form of wood biomass used in power stations because it guarantees homogeneous sizes and high load densities. From an environmental point of view, woodchip production has been studied from many aspects (comminution wood, transportation.), but no experimentations have focused on loading operations. The goal of this work was to evaluate the energy consumption and CO2 emissions of four types of loader used in woodchip loading. A knuckle-boom loader and three front loaders were tested. In the trials, a different woodchip pile position (near a wall and in an open square) was considered. Higher values on energy consumption were obtained by a mechanical shovel equipped with a standard bucket (5.59 and 5.01 MJ m−3, for woodchip stored in piles sited near a wall and in an open square, respectively), whereas lower values were observed during the use of telescopic loaders (1.89 and 2.09 MJ m−3, for piles sited in an open square and near a wall, respectively). The same results were also observed for CO2 emissions, where the best performances were obtained by the telescopic handler (58.6 kg h−1), with the worst by the mechanical shovel (118.4 kg h−1). The study pointed out that in woodchip loading, telescopic handlers equipped with a hinged bucket are able to reach a higher working efficiency with lower energy consumption and CO2 emissions in all working conditions.

ACS Style

Marco Manzone. CO 2 emissions and energy consumption of loaders in woodchip loading operation. Biomass and Bioenergy 2018, 109, 10 -15.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone. CO 2 emissions and energy consumption of loaders in woodchip loading operation. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2018; 109 ():10-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone. 2018. "CO 2 emissions and energy consumption of loaders in woodchip loading operation." Biomass and Bioenergy 109, no. : 10-15.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2017 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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ACS Style

Marco Manzone; Sara Bergante; Gianni Facciotto; Paolo Balsari. A prototype for horizontal long cuttings planting in Short Rotation Coppice. Biomass and Bioenergy 2017, 107, 214 -218.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone, Sara Bergante, Gianni Facciotto, Paolo Balsari. A prototype for horizontal long cuttings planting in Short Rotation Coppice. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2017; 107 ():214-218.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone; Sara Bergante; Gianni Facciotto; Paolo Balsari. 2017. "A prototype for horizontal long cuttings planting in Short Rotation Coppice." Biomass and Bioenergy 107, no. : 214-218.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2017 in Forests
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The frame structure of the trailer may influence both the traction and the tractor-trailer stability, especially along sloped paths. The aim of this research was to analyze a trailer overturning and the strains on the connected tractors (wheeled, or crawled) during log transportation (loose or tied) along a hillside. Two two-axle trailers were used: tandem and turntable steering. Three types of measurements were carried out during the field tests: (i) the detachment from the ground of the rear upstream wheels (or crawler); (ii) the transversal and longitudinal strains occurring when the trailer overturned (and released the hooking system of the tractor); (iii) the lateral deviation of the rear wheels (or crawler) of the tractor. The study highlighted that the two-axle trailer with turntable steering combined with the crawl tractor gave better results in terms of safety during trailer overturning. In addition, independent of the type of trailer, a tied load was found to be more dangerous than a load restrained only by steel struts, because when overturning, the load forms a single unit with the trailer mass which increases the strains.

ACS Style

Marco Manzone; Angela Calvo. Incidence of Trailer Frame Structure on Driver’s Safety during Log Transportation. Forests 2017, 8, 456 .

AMA Style

Marco Manzone, Angela Calvo. Incidence of Trailer Frame Structure on Driver’s Safety during Log Transportation. Forests. 2017; 8 (11):456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone; Angela Calvo. 2017. "Incidence of Trailer Frame Structure on Driver’s Safety during Log Transportation." Forests 8, no. 11: 456.

Journal article
Published: 10 November 2017 in Energies
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Among the various types of agricultural waste, significant amounts of energy can be obtained from woodchips derived from comminuted pruning residues. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using kiwi orchard clear-cut biomass for energy production. The field trial was conducted in a commercial kiwi (Actinidia chinensis) orchard located in Northwest Italy. We evaluated the biomass yield, woodchip quality, energy consumption, and economic sustainability of this practice. Processed data determined the available biomass to be 20.6 tonnes dry matter ha−1. Woodchip analysis showed a biomass moisture content of 53% and a relatively low heating value of about 7.5 MJ·kg−1. Furthermore, the average ash content was 2.4%. Production cost was 99.6 €·t−1 dry matter, which was slightly less than the market price of 100 €·t−1 dry matter for woodchips. In summary, kiwi clear-cut recovered biomass may be a valid alternative biomass source.

ACS Style

Marco Manzone; Fabrizio Gioelli; Paolo Balsari. Kiwi Clear‐Cut: First Evaluation of Recovered Biomass for Energy Production. Energies 2017, 10, 1837 .

AMA Style

Marco Manzone, Fabrizio Gioelli, Paolo Balsari. Kiwi Clear‐Cut: First Evaluation of Recovered Biomass for Energy Production. Energies. 2017; 10 (11):1837.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone; Fabrizio Gioelli; Paolo Balsari. 2017. "Kiwi Clear‐Cut: First Evaluation of Recovered Biomass for Energy Production." Energies 10, no. 11: 1837.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Renewable Energy
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ACS Style

Marco Manzone; Angela Calvo. Woodchip transportation: Climatic and congestion influence on productivity, energy and CO2 emission of agricultural and industrial convoys. Renewable Energy 2017, 108, 250 -259.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone, Angela Calvo. Woodchip transportation: Climatic and congestion influence on productivity, energy and CO2 emission of agricultural and industrial convoys. Renewable Energy. 2017; 108 ():250-259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone; Angela Calvo. 2017. "Woodchip transportation: Climatic and congestion influence on productivity, energy and CO2 emission of agricultural and industrial convoys." Renewable Energy 108, no. : 250-259.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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ACS Style

Marco Manzone. Loader performance during woodchip loading. Biomass and Bioenergy 2017, 98, 80 -84.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone. Loader performance during woodchip loading. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2017; 98 ():80-84.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone. 2017. "Loader performance during woodchip loading." Biomass and Bioenergy 98, no. : 80-84.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2016 in Fuel Processing Technology
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ACS Style

Marco Manzone. Storage of woodchips in pressed bales. Fuel Processing Technology 2016, 157, 59 -64.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone. Storage of woodchips in pressed bales. Fuel Processing Technology. 2016; 157 ():59-64.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone. 2016. "Storage of woodchips in pressed bales." Fuel Processing Technology 157, no. : 59-64.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Renewable Energy
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ACS Style

Marco Manzone; Elisa Paravidino; Gabriella Bonifacino; Paolo Balsari. Biomass availability and quality produced by vineyard management during a period of 15 years. Renewable Energy 2016, 99, 465 -471.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone, Elisa Paravidino, Gabriella Bonifacino, Paolo Balsari. Biomass availability and quality produced by vineyard management during a period of 15 years. Renewable Energy. 2016; 99 ():465-471.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone; Elisa Paravidino; Gabriella Bonifacino; Paolo Balsari. 2016. "Biomass availability and quality produced by vineyard management during a period of 15 years." Renewable Energy 99, no. : 465-471.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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ACS Style

Marco Manzone. Quality, productivity, energy and costs of woodchip produced by Cedrus deodara plantations: A case study in Italy. Biomass and Bioenergy 2016, 92, 81 -87.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone. Quality, productivity, energy and costs of woodchip produced by Cedrus deodara plantations: A case study in Italy. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2016; 92 ():81-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone. 2016. "Quality, productivity, energy and costs of woodchip produced by Cedrus deodara plantations: A case study in Italy." Biomass and Bioenergy 92, no. : 81-87.

Journal article
Published: 13 June 2016 in Pest Management Science
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BACKGROUNDAll maize drills produce a fine dust due to the abrasions of the seed coating that occur inside the seeding element. Nevertheless, the air stream generated by the fan of pneumatic drills – necessary to create a depression in the sowing element of the machine and to guarantee a correct seeds deposition – can blow away the solid particles detached from the seeds. In order to reduce this phenomena, coated maize seeds company (Syngenta®) has set up an ad hoc kit “dual pipe deflector” that easy a fits different pneumatic drills (also old drills). In this study, the efficiency of this kit and the influence of different drills types on the kit effects in reducing the environmental contamination, were evaluated using three different pneumatic seed drills models.RESULTSThe research showed that dual pipe deflector installed on the drill in standard configuration did not change the seeder performance and using this kit on pneumatic drills, independent of their design, it is possible to reduce up to 69% the amount of dust drift with respect to the conventional machine set up.CONCLUSIONDual pipe deflector, under conditions explained in this experimentation, showed good performances with all types of maize pneumatic drills used. Independent of the seeder model on which is mounted, it is able to obtain similar results highlighting an high operative versatility.

ACS Style

Marco Manzone; Paolo Balsari; Paolo Marucco; Mario Tamagnone. Dust drift reduction effect of an air conveyor kit (dual-pipe deflector) mounted on different maize pneumatic drills. Pest Management Science 2016, 73, 528 -533.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone, Paolo Balsari, Paolo Marucco, Mario Tamagnone. Dust drift reduction effect of an air conveyor kit (dual-pipe deflector) mounted on different maize pneumatic drills. Pest Management Science. 2016; 73 (3):528-533.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone; Paolo Balsari; Paolo Marucco; Mario Tamagnone. 2016. "Dust drift reduction effect of an air conveyor kit (dual-pipe deflector) mounted on different maize pneumatic drills." Pest Management Science 73, no. 3: 528-533.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2016 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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Highlights•Planters were tested during poplar, willow and black locust vSRC planting.•All of the planters showed an average specific fuel consumption of 63.5 g kWh−1.•In energy consumption and CO2 emission no difference was found when comparing the different tree species tested.•The energy required by planting operations is low compared to the vSRC output (0.5%).•The CO2 emission trend of the planting operation is 31–92 kg ha−1. AbstractUntil now, SRC has been studied from many points of view (economic sustainability, environmental impact, harvesting systems, etc.), but few studies of the actual planting operations have been carried out. The objective of this study was to evaluate the energy input and CO2 emission were evaluated during very Short Rotation Coppice (vSRC) planting. The analysis was performed considering different planter types and tree species (poplar, willow and black locust).This work showed that the energy input and CO2 emission of vSRC planting is linked to different planter types and, consequently, to the type of planting material used (rods, cuttings and rooting plants). Among the combinations tested, rods planters showed the lowest value for energy consumption (356 MJ ha−1) and CO2 emission (31 kg ha−1) compared to universal planters type (1028 MJ ha−1 and 92 kg ha−1). No difference between tree species was observed in this experiment. Results highlighted that the energy input required by the planting operation is only 1.7% of the total energy input of the vSRC.

ACS Style

Marco Manzone. Energy and CO2 emissions associated with mechanical planters used in biomass plantations. Biomass and Bioenergy 2016, 87, 156 -161.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone. Energy and CO2 emissions associated with mechanical planters used in biomass plantations. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2016; 87 ():156-161.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone. 2016. "Energy and CO2 emissions associated with mechanical planters used in biomass plantations." Biomass and Bioenergy 87, no. : 156-161.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2016 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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A reduction in energetic and economic costs is key to the sustainable development of Short Rotation Coppices (SRC) for energy purposes. During their cultivation, the highest costs are incurred during the planting and harvesting phases. A new planting method, which involves the horizontal disposition of stems or cuttings 120 cm long, at a depth of 5–10 cm, could provide energy and cost savings during planting. The results of three experimental plots in Casale M. to (AL), one in Cannara (PG) and one in Chioggia (VE) are shown: horizontal stems and long cuttings were able to produce from 1 to 5 sprouts per meter (sp m−1), depending on the genotype and environmental conditions. Willow was able to produce on average from 2.1 to 4.8 sp m−1 and between poplars, the species P. ×canadensis produced more sprouts that Populus deltoides (3.9 sp m−1 compared with 1.9 sp m−1). Yields reached a maximum in a Casale M. to trial with 12.7 oven dry tons per hectare (Odt ha−1) for poplar ‘Orion’ and 12.3 Odt ha−1 for willow ‘Levante’ at the end of first year. The variability of sprouts production and growth of trees makes this method suitable for SRC or stool-beds.

ACS Style

Sara Bergante; Marco Manzone; Gianni Facciotto. Alternative planting method for short rotation coppice with poplar and willow. Biomass and Bioenergy 2016, 87, 39 -45.

AMA Style

Sara Bergante, Marco Manzone, Gianni Facciotto. Alternative planting method for short rotation coppice with poplar and willow. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2016; 87 ():39-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Bergante; Marco Manzone; Gianni Facciotto. 2016. "Alternative planting method for short rotation coppice with poplar and willow." Biomass and Bioenergy 87, no. : 39-45.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2016 in Biomass and Bioenergy
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Wood biomass is one of the main sources of biofuel for bioenergy production worldwide. Generally, the exclusive use of comminuted biomass in automated boilers is preferred because these woodchips consist of homogeneous particles with a specified size. Wood biomass is harvested mainly in autumn and winter, whereas the demand for biomass-fired power stations is continuous throughout the year. Nevertheless, large amounts of woodchips are also produced in the spring and summer from residual materials obtained from the utilisation of conventional poplar plantations. This study focused on uncovered small and medium woodchip piles. In particular, the influence of form, density, and the size of piles on the biofuel quality during woodchip storage was analysed. The woodchip moisture contents and dry matter losses were considered when evaluating the storage dynamics. The results suggest that a storage system can be selected to service only the needs of thermal stations because any difference between the form (trapezoidal and cone), volume (35 and 70 m3), and density of the piles was observed on woodchip quality analysis. In fact, a mean moisture content of 18% and average dry matter losses of 10% were recorded at the end of storage period for all treatments. Notably, the climate conditions and storage periods affected the results of this experiment.

ACS Style

Marco Manzone; Paolo Balsari. Poplar woodchip storage in small and medium piles with different forms, densities and volumes. Biomass and Bioenergy 2016, 87, 162 -168.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone, Paolo Balsari. Poplar woodchip storage in small and medium piles with different forms, densities and volumes. Biomass and Bioenergy. 2016; 87 ():162-168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone; Paolo Balsari. 2016. "Poplar woodchip storage in small and medium piles with different forms, densities and volumes." Biomass and Bioenergy 87, no. : 162-168.

Original articles
Published: 23 March 2016 in International Journal of Forest Engineering
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In recent years, a large amount of wood biomass has been produced for energy use by the agricultural and forestry sectors. The goal of this study was to set up a chip bundler prototype which can work with different feedstocks (agricultural and forestry residues). During tests, the prototype was able to produce bundles with a weight between 18 and 20 kg requiring an energy input of between 0.54 and 0.58 MJ kg−1, respectively. The production cost of a single bundle was €2.43, independent of the loading type (mechanical or manual) adopted. The bundler tested seems ideal for the agro-forestry sector because it shows a high versatility: the form and size of the biomass processed does not interfere with productivity or cost. In addition, the prototype requires a small amount of power and a small investment. Because of these reasons, the bundler can be used by individual farmers and small businesses.

ACS Style

Marco Manzone. A bundler prototype for forestry and agricultural residue management for energy production. International Journal of Forest Engineering 2016, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Marco Manzone. A bundler prototype for forestry and agricultural residue management for energy production. International Journal of Forest Engineering. 2016; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Manzone. 2016. "A bundler prototype for forestry and agricultural residue management for energy production." International Journal of Forest Engineering , no. : 1-6.