Aromatic molecules can effectively exfoliate graphite into graphene monolayers, and the resulting graphene monolayers sandwiched by the aromatic molecules exhibit a pronounced Raman $G$-band splitting, similar to that observed in single-walled carbon nanotubes. Raman measurements and calculations based on the force-constant model demonstrate that the absorbed aromatic molecules are responsible for the $G$-band splitting by removing the energy degeneracy of in-plane longitudinal and transverse optical phonons at the $\Gamma$ point.

A real-space formulation of time-resolved fluorescence of molecular aggregates is developed using the one-exciton density matrix $\mathrm{\rho (t)}$ of the optically driven system. A direct relationship is established between the superradiance enhancement factor $L_s$ and the exciton coherence size $L_{\rho }$ associated with the off-diagonal density matrix elements in the molecular representation. Various factors which affect the latter, including finite temperature, energetic disorder, coupling with phonons, and polaron formation are explored. The theory is applied for the interpretation of recent measurements in the B850 system of the LH2 photosynthetic complexes.

Energy transfer from the translational degrees of freedom to phonon modes is studied for isolated systems of two coaxial carbon nanotubes, which may serve as a nearly frictionless nano-oscillator. It is found that for oscillators with short nanotubes (less than $30\mathrm{\AA }$) a rocking motion, occurring when the inner tube is pulled about $1/3$ out of the outer tube, is responsible for significant phonon energy acquisitions. For oscillators with long nanotubes translational energies are mainly dissipated via a wavy deformation in the outer tube undergoing radial vibrations. Frictional forces between ${10}^{-17}$ and ${10}^{-14}\mathrm{N}$ per atom are found for various dissipative mechanisms.