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Dr. Arend Jonkman
Delft University of Technology

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0 Housing Policy
0 Social Justice
0 Urban Planning
0 housing
0 land policy

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Journal article
Published: 08 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Rapid expansion of settlements and related infrastructures is a global trend that comes with severe environmental, economic, and social costs. Steering urbanization toward well-balanced compactness is thus acknowledged as an important strategic orientation in UN Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG-11) via the SDG-indicator “Ratio of land consumption rate to population growth rate.” The EU’s simultaneous commitment to being “a frontrunner in implementing […] the SDGs” and to striving for “no net land take until 2050” calls for relating the concepts of land consumption and land take to each other. Drawing on an EU-centred questionnaire study, a focus group and a literature review, we scrutinize definitions of land consumption and land take, seeking to show how they are interrelated, and questioning the comparability of respective indicators. We argue that conceptual clarifications and a bridging of the two notions are much needed, and that the precision required for definitions and applications is context-dependent. While approximate understandings may suffice for general communication and dissemination objectives, accurate and consistent interpretations of the discussed concepts seem indispensable for monitoring and reporting purposes. We propose ways of addressing existing ambiguities and suggest prioritizing the term land take in the EU context. Thereby, we aim to enhance conceptual clarity around land consumption and land take—a precondition for solidly informing respective policies and decisions.

ACS Style

Elisabeth Marquard; Stephan Bartke; Judith Gifreu I Font; Alois Humer; Arend Jonkman; Evelin Jürgenson; Naja Marot; Lien Poelmans; Blaž Repe; Robert Rybski; Christoph Schröter-Schlaack; Jaroslava Sobocká; Michael Tophøj Sørensen; Eliška Vejchodská; Athena Yiannakou; Jana Bovet. Land Consumption and Land Take: Enhancing Conceptual Clarity for Evaluating Spatial Governance in the EU Context. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8269 .

AMA Style

Elisabeth Marquard, Stephan Bartke, Judith Gifreu I Font, Alois Humer, Arend Jonkman, Evelin Jürgenson, Naja Marot, Lien Poelmans, Blaž Repe, Robert Rybski, Christoph Schröter-Schlaack, Jaroslava Sobocká, Michael Tophøj Sørensen, Eliška Vejchodská, Athena Yiannakou, Jana Bovet. Land Consumption and Land Take: Enhancing Conceptual Clarity for Evaluating Spatial Governance in the EU Context. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8269.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisabeth Marquard; Stephan Bartke; Judith Gifreu I Font; Alois Humer; Arend Jonkman; Evelin Jürgenson; Naja Marot; Lien Poelmans; Blaž Repe; Robert Rybski; Christoph Schröter-Schlaack; Jaroslava Sobocká; Michael Tophøj Sørensen; Eliška Vejchodská; Athena Yiannakou; Jana Bovet. 2020. "Land Consumption and Land Take: Enhancing Conceptual Clarity for Evaluating Spatial Governance in the EU Context." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8269.

Articles
Published: 10 September 2020 in European Planning Studies
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How do municipalities strategically use land policy to develop land for housing? The development of housing is a challenge for many European countries, though the scale and time of it differs. Issues are not always about the absolute number of houses that need to be supplied in a country. The distribution and quality of houses affect the demand for housing. Land policy determines where and how future developments take place, and as a result, it has a considerable impact on both supply and demand of housing. Municipalities use different strategies of land policy to pursue housing goals. This paper aims to explore the rationalities underpinning such strategies of land policy. Therefore, a theory on pluralism – Cultural Theory – is employed to understand municipal strategies in different contexts, i.e. Germany (Ruhr region), Belgium (Flanders), and Netherlands. Applying Cultural Theory to land policy results in four ideal-typical strategies of active, passive, reactive, and protective land policies. Despite the fact that the decisions of municipalities are made within (or constrained by) their institutional environments (i.e. national/regional planning systems, development cultures, etc.), we found that there are key similarities between the strategies of the studied municipalities regardless of their different institutional environments.

ACS Style

Sina Shahab; Thomas Hartmann; Arend Jonkman. Strategies of municipal land policies: housing development in Germany, Belgium, and Netherlands. European Planning Studies 2020, 29, 1132 -1150.

AMA Style

Sina Shahab, Thomas Hartmann, Arend Jonkman. Strategies of municipal land policies: housing development in Germany, Belgium, and Netherlands. European Planning Studies. 2020; 29 (6):1132-1150.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sina Shahab; Thomas Hartmann; Arend Jonkman. 2020. "Strategies of municipal land policies: housing development in Germany, Belgium, and Netherlands." European Planning Studies 29, no. 6: 1132-1150.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2020 in Town Planning Review
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Land-policy instruments are important to local governments for the implementation of densification. This article explores the factors behind local governments’ motives that determine the use of specific land-policy instruments to achieve densification. The aim is to increase understanding of how available land-policy instruments are applied in practice by local governments to realise housing development at inner-urban locations. In-depth analysis comparing two Dutch municipalities shows that common underlying factors explain municipal land-policy applications, while available instruments are used differently. Insights into these factors help to explain local governments’ behaviour regarding land-policy instruments.

ACS Style

Rick Meijer; Arend Jonkman. Land-policy instruments for densification: the Dutch quest for control. Town Planning Review 2020, 91, 239 -258.

AMA Style

Rick Meijer, Arend Jonkman. Land-policy instruments for densification: the Dutch quest for control. Town Planning Review. 2020; 91 (3):239-258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rick Meijer; Arend Jonkman. 2020. "Land-policy instruments for densification: the Dutch quest for control." Town Planning Review 91, no. 3: 239-258.

Articles
Published: 19 March 2020 in Housing Studies
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Housing policy changes in the Netherlands have been in line with OECD and IMF policy advice to increase market dynamism by downsizing the large social rental sector. The impact of such policies on households, however, is rarely acknowledged. Therefore, in this article, distributive effects on social housing tenants in Amsterdam between 2004 and 2014 are evaluated against two standards for distributive justice: sufficiency and priority. These standards befit the policy aim to provide adequate (sufficient) housing for households with a certain need (priority). The analysis shows housing policies have amplified the impacts of the global financial crisis on households. The occurrence of sufficiency increased significantly until 2008, but decreased thereafter. In regards of the priority standard more households with a significant need benefitted from social housing after 2008. However, many of these households still do not meet the sufficiency threshold. While spatial patterns remained rather stable, the impact has been greater in the areas with already relatively low residual incomes.

ACS Style

Arend Jonkman. Patterns of distributive justice: social housing and the search for market dynamism in Amsterdam. Housing Studies 2020, 1 -32.

AMA Style

Arend Jonkman. Patterns of distributive justice: social housing and the search for market dynamism in Amsterdam. Housing Studies. 2020; ():1-32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arend Jonkman. 2020. "Patterns of distributive justice: social housing and the search for market dynamism in Amsterdam." Housing Studies , no. : 1-32.

Article
Published: 24 October 2017 in Journal of Housing and the Built Environment
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Rent controls and rent setting regulation in different contexts incorporate and balance different aims, in particular when securing affordability and the effective distribution of scarce housing by incorporating market mechanisms. As rent policy is frequently discussed in terms of affordability or market functioning in broad terms, small-scale distributive socio-spatial effects are often not regarded. In this paper, three strategies under the new rent sum policy are compared against the former policy and practice for Amsterdam, the Netherlands, to observe the effects of distributive justice. The new rent policy partly decentralizes rent increase decisions from the national level to local authorities and housing associations. Using microdata on all social housing units and their tenants’ distributive justice, outcomes under the former policy and practice are observed for a 6-year period (2008–2014) and the effects of three different rent increase strategies under the new rent sum policy are forecasted for the same period, combining an ex ante and an ex post evaluation. The possibilities for housing associations to vary rent increases for different groups of tenants in order to improve distributive justice outcomes are explored. Results show that all three possible strategies decrease the observed affordability gap between new and long-term tenants. Valuing the distributions of these strategies by applying two different standards for distributive justice shows the rent sum policy may only result in modest improvements.

ACS Style

Arend Jonkman; Leonie Janssen-Jansen; Frans Schilder. Rent increase strategies and distributive justice: the socio-spatial effects of rent control policy in Amsterdam. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 2017, 33, 653 -673.

AMA Style

Arend Jonkman, Leonie Janssen-Jansen, Frans Schilder. Rent increase strategies and distributive justice: the socio-spatial effects of rent control policy in Amsterdam. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. 2017; 33 (4):653-673.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arend Jonkman; Leonie Janssen-Jansen; Frans Schilder. 2017. "Rent increase strategies and distributive justice: the socio-spatial effects of rent control policy in Amsterdam." Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 33, no. 4: 653-673.

Journal article
Published: 03 July 2017 in Housing, Theory and Society
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ACS Style

Arend Jonkman; Leonie Janssen-Jansen. Identifying Distributive Injustice Through Housing (Mis)Match Analysis: The Case of Social Housing in Amsterdam. Housing, Theory and Society 2017, 35, 353 -377.

AMA Style

Arend Jonkman, Leonie Janssen-Jansen. Identifying Distributive Injustice Through Housing (Mis)Match Analysis: The Case of Social Housing in Amsterdam. Housing, Theory and Society. 2017; 35 (3):353-377.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arend Jonkman; Leonie Janssen-Jansen. 2017. "Identifying Distributive Injustice Through Housing (Mis)Match Analysis: The Case of Social Housing in Amsterdam." Housing, Theory and Society 35, no. 3: 353-377.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2014 in Journal of Housing and the Built Environment
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New regulations on the allocation of social housing recently came into effect in the Netherlands as a result of a state-support complaint filed by institutional investors to the European Commission. At least 90 % of vacant social housing dwellings has to be allocated to households with a yearly income of less than €34,000. This has caused concerns about the availability of housing among (lower-)middle-income households. They can no longer access social housing, and due to the prevalence of social housing and the fiscal favoring of owner-occupied housing, the affordable private rented sector is almost absent in the Netherlands. Thus, currently they rely on the owner-occupied housing market with their restricted financial budgets and might lose out. This study substantiates this assumed “squeezed middle” problem with empirical data for housing regions in the Netherlands. The adopted spatial analysis method shows to what extent and where lower-middle-income households have access to homeownership in the Netherlands, and how the “squeezed middle” varies among the Dutch regional housing markets. The spatial analysis indicates that in some regions, there indeed is a group of middle-income households that is “squeezed.” Yet, the study also reveals that the problem might be more qualitative than quantitative in nature: households may not be able or willing to trade-off location for access to more affordable or more appropriate housing.

ACS Style

Arend Jonkman; Leonie Janssen-Jansen. The “squeezed middle” on the Dutch housing market: how and where is it to be found? Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 2014, 30, 509 -528.

AMA Style

Arend Jonkman, Leonie Janssen-Jansen. The “squeezed middle” on the Dutch housing market: how and where is it to be found? Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. 2014; 30 (3):509-528.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arend Jonkman; Leonie Janssen-Jansen. 2014. "The “squeezed middle” on the Dutch housing market: how and where is it to be found?" Journal of Housing and the Built Environment 30, no. 3: 509-528.