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Dr. Muhammad Wajid Saleem
University of Engineering and technology Lahore, Pakistan

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Renewable and Sustainable Energy
0 Water Desalination
0 Water - Energy Nexus
0 Sustainable Environment.
0 Salinity gradient power generation

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Water Desalination
Water - Energy Nexus
Sustainable Environment.
Salinity gradient power generation

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Journal article
Published: 01 August 2021 in Processes
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In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) optimization technique was employed for investigating the impact of hydroxy gas (HHO) enriched diesel on performance, acoustics, smoke and exhaust gas emissions of the compression ignition (CI) engine. The engine was operated within the HHO flow rate range of 0–10 L/min and engine loads of 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%. The results disclosed that HHO concentration and engine load had a substantial influence on the response variables. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results of developed quadratic models indicated the appropriate fit for all models. Moreover, the optimization of the user-defined historical design of an experiment identified an optimum HHO flow rate of 8 L/min and 41% engine load, with composite desirability of 0.733. The responses corresponding to optimal study factors were 25.44%, 0.315 kg/kWh, 117.73 ppm, 140.87 ppm, 99.37 dB, and 1.97% for brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), CO, HC, noise, and smoke, respectively. The absolute percentage errors (APEs) of RSM were predicted and experimental results were below 5%, which vouched for the reliable use of RSM for the prediction and optimization of acoustics and smoke and exhaust emission characteristics along with the performance of a CI engine.

ACS Style

Muhammad Usman; Saifuddin Nomanbhay; Mei Ong; Muhammad Saleem; Muneeb Irshad; Zain Hassan; Fahid Riaz; Muhammad Shah; Muhammad Qyyum; Moonyong Lee; Pau Show. Response Surface Methodology Routed Optimization of Performance of Hydroxy Gas Enriched Diesel Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines. Processes 2021, 9, 1355 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Usman, Saifuddin Nomanbhay, Mei Ong, Muhammad Saleem, Muneeb Irshad, Zain Hassan, Fahid Riaz, Muhammad Shah, Muhammad Qyyum, Moonyong Lee, Pau Show. Response Surface Methodology Routed Optimization of Performance of Hydroxy Gas Enriched Diesel Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines. Processes. 2021; 9 (8):1355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Usman; Saifuddin Nomanbhay; Mei Ong; Muhammad Saleem; Muneeb Irshad; Zain Hassan; Fahid Riaz; Muhammad Shah; Muhammad Qyyum; Moonyong Lee; Pau Show. 2021. "Response Surface Methodology Routed Optimization of Performance of Hydroxy Gas Enriched Diesel Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines." Processes 9, no. 8: 1355.

Research article
Published: 29 June 2021 in Advances in Mechanical Engineering
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Photovoltaic assisted reverse osmosis (PV-RO) has been proven an efficient renewable energy-based desalination technique to provide drinkable water, especially in remote areas. In this manuscript, a simulation based RO design system was adopted to evaluate the desalination performance for three cities of Pakistan, that is, Lahore, Hasil Pur, and Faisalabad. The inlet concentration of Lahore, Hasil Pur, and Faisalabad was reduced from 1495, 2190, and 7683 TDS to 295.44, 237.69, and 241.98 TDS respectively, according to the WHO drinking water recommendations. The RO desalination system was integrated with the photovoltaic system to fulfill the energy requirement for desalination. The energy requirement for the RO system for the working of 10 h/day with the freshwater production rate of 0.80 m3/h for Lahore, Hasil Pur, and Faisalabad is 60, 95, and 311 kWh/month, respectively. According to PVsyst software, the energy demand can be accomplished by installing 9 PV panels in Lahore, 15 PV panels in Hasil Pur, and 40 PV panels in Faisalabad. The simulation results in PVsyst showing that the battery losses will be 52.2% in Lahore, 51.1% in Hasil Pur, and 49% in Faisalabad.

ACS Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Asad Abbas; Muhammad Asim; Ghulam Moeen Uddin; Tariq Nawaz Chaudhary; Asad Ullah. Design and cost estimation of solar powered reverse osmosis desalination system. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 2021, 13, 1 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Asad Abbas, Muhammad Asim, Ghulam Moeen Uddin, Tariq Nawaz Chaudhary, Asad Ullah. Design and cost estimation of solar powered reverse osmosis desalination system. Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 2021; 13 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Asad Abbas; Muhammad Asim; Ghulam Moeen Uddin; Tariq Nawaz Chaudhary; Asad Ullah. 2021. "Design and cost estimation of solar powered reverse osmosis desalination system." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 6: 1.

Research article chemical engineering
Published: 16 February 2021 in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
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Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an electrochemical sorption desalination technique used for the purification of brackish water to fulfill industrial and domestic demands. There are two operational models of CDI, i.e., constant current (CC) and constant voltage. In this paper, a parametric performance evaluation of CC CDI has been executed along with system-level optimization. Segregation of three major concerns for CC CDI (water quality, desalination efficiency, and commerciality) into performance parameters offered the multi-scope analysis of its performance. However, a contradiction of the system parameters (e.g., energy consumption increased while the effluent concentration decreased to achieve the desired level) called for inevitable trade-offs. The single-objective optimization methodology with genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization delivered the most optimized operating condition for trade-off. However, to achieve the target effluent concentration as minimum as 3.4 mM, the influent concentration and flow rate should be restricted at 20 mM and 6 ml/min, respectively.

ACS Style

Hira Naveed; Shahrose Imran; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Asad Ullah; Sajid Kamran. Investigation of Capacitive Deionization; Performance Assessment Based on Operational Parameters and Single-Objective Optimization. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2021, 46, 6727 -6739.

AMA Style

Hira Naveed, Shahrose Imran, Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Asad Ullah, Sajid Kamran. Investigation of Capacitive Deionization; Performance Assessment Based on Operational Parameters and Single-Objective Optimization. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2021; 46 (7):6727-6739.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hira Naveed; Shahrose Imran; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Asad Ullah; Sajid Kamran. 2021. "Investigation of Capacitive Deionization; Performance Assessment Based on Operational Parameters and Single-Objective Optimization." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 46, no. 7: 6727-6739.

Research article mechanical engineering
Published: 26 October 2020 in Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering
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The ever-increasing computational power of the electronic devices accompanies a greater power dissipation. Understanding and optimization of the heat rejection systems are thus vital to ensure effective thermal management of electronic devices in an often highly confined space. This paper reports the design, development, and results of an experimental investigation of a fast responding and passive heat-rejecting copper–water-based miniature loop heat pipe (mLHP) system. The designed mLHP has a square flat-faced evaporator of 20 mm length with opposite replenishment, four extended surfaces with vapor space, a liquid reservoir or compensation chamber, fin- and tube-type condenser, and different diameter transport lines. Capillary pumping action was ensured by a composite of 100PPI copper mesh with 37% porosity and absorbent wool of 20 µm average pore size. Wick hydration was safeguarded by a 67% filling ratio of mLHP at a cold state. A decrease in thermal resistance and an increase in heat transfer coefficient for evaporation were observed. The thermal resistance of the evaporator and mLHP was 0.109–0.396 °C/W and 0.132–0.644 °C/W with an uncertainty of 3.749% and 3.744%, respectively. The heat transfer coefficient for evaporation achieved during experimentation was 6.313–23.00 kW/m2K with 0.345% uncertainty. No reverse flow of vapors and evaporator dry-out was detected. The maximum temperature sustained was 108 °C against the 205 W heat load with a 4.5-min start-up duration. These results reveal the suitability of the designed miniature loop heat pipe for the heat dissipation of electronics.

ACS Style

Muhammad Sajid Kamran; Kashifa Naz; Jamal Umer; Muhammad Sajjad; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Mudather Ibrahim Mudather Zeinelabdeen. Experimental Evaluation of Performance Characteristics of a Horizontal Copper Mesh Wick-Based Miniature Loop Heat Pipe. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 2020, 46, 2121 -2132.

AMA Style

Muhammad Sajid Kamran, Kashifa Naz, Jamal Umer, Muhammad Sajjad, Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Mudather Ibrahim Mudather Zeinelabdeen. Experimental Evaluation of Performance Characteristics of a Horizontal Copper Mesh Wick-Based Miniature Loop Heat Pipe. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering. 2020; 46 (3):2121-2132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Sajid Kamran; Kashifa Naz; Jamal Umer; Muhammad Sajjad; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Mudather Ibrahim Mudather Zeinelabdeen. 2020. "Experimental Evaluation of Performance Characteristics of a Horizontal Copper Mesh Wick-Based Miniature Loop Heat Pipe." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 46, no. 3: 2121-2132.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2020 in Sustainability
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A piperazine (PZ)-promoted methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solution for a carbon dioxide (CO2) removal process from the flue gas of a large-scale coal power plant has been simulated. An Aspen Plus® was used to perform the simulation process. Initially, the effects of MDEA/PZ concentration ratio and stripper pressure on the regeneration energy of CO2 capture process were investigated. The MDEA/PZ concentration ratio of 35/15 wt.% (35 wt. MDEA and 15 wt.% PZ) was selected as an appropriate concentration. The reboiler duty of 3.235 MJ/kg CO2 was obtained at 35/15 wt.% concentration ratio of MDEA/PZ. It was considered a reference or base case, and process modifications including rich vapor compression (RVC) process, cold solvent split (CSS), and the combination of both processes were investigated to check its effect on the energy requirement. A total equivalent work of 0.7 MJe/kg CO2 in the RVC and a reboiler duty of 2.78 MJ/kg CO2 was achieved in the CSS process. Similarly, the total equivalent work, reboiler duty, and condenser duty of 0.627 MJe/kg CO2, 2.44 MJ/kg CO2, and 0.33 MJ/kg CO2, respectively, were obtained in the combined process. The reboiler duty and the total equivalent work were reduced by about 24.6 and 16.2%, respectively, as compared to the reference case. The total energy cost saving was 1.79 M$/yr. Considering the additional equipment cost in the combined process, the total cost saving was 0.67 M$ per year.

ACS Style

Bilal Alam Khan; Asad Ullah; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Abdullah Nawaz Khan; Muhammad Faiq; Mir Haris. Energy Minimization in Piperazine Promoted MDEA-Based CO2 Capture Process. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8524 .

AMA Style

Bilal Alam Khan, Asad Ullah, Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Abdullah Nawaz Khan, Muhammad Faiq, Mir Haris. Energy Minimization in Piperazine Promoted MDEA-Based CO2 Capture Process. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8524.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bilal Alam Khan; Asad Ullah; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Abdullah Nawaz Khan; Muhammad Faiq; Mir Haris. 2020. "Energy Minimization in Piperazine Promoted MDEA-Based CO2 Capture Process." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8524.

Review
Published: 03 September 2020 in Nanomaterials
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Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is a unique phenomenon of surface plasmons, where light interacts with the metallic nanostructures and produces electromagnetic fields to enhance the sensitivity of fluorescence-based detection. In particular, this enhancement in sensing capacity is of importance to many research areas, including medical diagnostics, forensic science, and biotechnology. The article covers the basic mechanism of MEF and recent developments in plasmonic nanostructures fabrication for efficient fluorescence signal enhancement that are critically reviewed. The implications of current fluorescence-based technologies for biosensors are summarized, which are in practice to detect different analytes relevant to food control, medical diagnostics, and forensic science. Furthermore, characteristics of existing fabrication methods have been compared on the basis of their resolution, design flexibility, and throughput. The future projections emphasize exploring the potential of non-conventional materials and hybrid fabrication techniques to further enhance the sensitivity of MEF-based biosensors.

ACS Style

Mohsin Ali Badshah; Na Yoon Koh; Abdul Wasy Zia; Naseem Abbas; Zahra Zahra; Muhammad Wajid Saleem. Recent Developments in Plasmonic Nanostructures for Metal Enhanced Fluorescence-Based Biosensing. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1749 .

AMA Style

Mohsin Ali Badshah, Na Yoon Koh, Abdul Wasy Zia, Naseem Abbas, Zahra Zahra, Muhammad Wajid Saleem. Recent Developments in Plasmonic Nanostructures for Metal Enhanced Fluorescence-Based Biosensing. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10 (9):1749.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohsin Ali Badshah; Na Yoon Koh; Abdul Wasy Zia; Naseem Abbas; Zahra Zahra; Muhammad Wajid Saleem. 2020. "Recent Developments in Plasmonic Nanostructures for Metal Enhanced Fluorescence-Based Biosensing." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9: 1749.

Journal article
Published: 10 August 2020 in Processes
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The productivity of the capacitive deionization (CDI) system is enhanced by determining the optimum operational and structural parameters using radial movement optimization (RMO) algorithm. Six different parameters, i.e., pool water concentration, freshwater recovery, salt ion adsorption, lowest concentration point, volumetric (based on the volume of deionized water), and gravimetric (based on salt removed) energy consumptions are used to evaluate the performance of the CDI process. During the optimization process, the decision variables are represented by the applied voltage, capacitance, flow rate, spacer volume, and cell volume. Two different optimization techniques are considered: single-objective and multi-objective functions. The obtained results by RMO optimizer are compared with those obtained using a genetic algorithm (GA). The results demonstrated that the RMO optimization technique is useful in exploring all possibilities and finding the optimum conditions for operating the CDI unit in a faster and accurate method.

ACS Style

Hegazy Rezk; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah. Radial Movement Optimization Based Optimal Operating Parameters of a Capacitive Deionization Desalination System. Processes 2020, 8, 964 .

AMA Style

Hegazy Rezk, Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah. Radial Movement Optimization Based Optimal Operating Parameters of a Capacitive Deionization Desalination System. Processes. 2020; 8 (8):964.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hegazy Rezk; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem; Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah. 2020. "Radial Movement Optimization Based Optimal Operating Parameters of a Capacitive Deionization Desalination System." Processes 8, no. 8: 964.

Research article
Published: 09 June 2020 in Advances in Mechanical Engineering
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Considering the importance of alternative fuels in IC engines for environment safety, compressed natural gas has been extensively employed in SI engines. However, scarce efforts have been made to investigate the effect of compressed natural gas on engine lubricant oil for a long duration. In this regard, a comprehensive analysis has been made on the engine performance, emissions, and lubricant oil conditions using gasoline ( G)92 and compressed natural gas at different operating conditions using reliable sampling methods. The key parameters of the engine performance like brake power and brake-specific energy consumption were investigated at 80% throttle opening within 1500–4500 range of r/min. For the sake of emission tests, speed was varied uniformly by varying the load at a constant throttle. Furthermore, the engine was run at high and low loads for lubricant oil comparison. Although compressed natural gas showed a decrease in brake-specific energy consumption (7.94%) and emissions content, ( G)92 performed relatively better in the case of brake power (39.93% increase). Moreover, a significant improvement was observed for wear debris, lubricant oil physiochemical characteristics, and additives depletion in the case of compressed natural gas than those of ( G)92. The contents of metallic particles were decreased by 23.58%, 36.25%, 42.42%, and 66.67% for iron, aluminum, copper, and lead, respectively, for compressed natural gas.

ACS Style

Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Syed Saqib; Jamal Umer; Ahmad Naveed; Zain Ul Hassan. SI engine performance, lubricant oil deterioration, and emission: A comparison of liquid and gaseous fuel. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Syed Saqib, Jamal Umer, Ahmad Naveed, Zain Ul Hassan. SI engine performance, lubricant oil deterioration, and emission: A comparison of liquid and gaseous fuel. Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 2020; 12 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Syed Saqib; Jamal Umer; Ahmad Naveed; Zain Ul Hassan. 2020. "SI engine performance, lubricant oil deterioration, and emission: A comparison of liquid and gaseous fuel." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 6: 1.

Research article
Published: 03 May 2020 in Separation Science and Technology
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The steady and controlled desalination is achievable with Hybrid-CV-CC capacitive deionization (CDI). In this paper, we assess the performance of Hybrid-CV-CC CDI by evaluating the standard performance indicators within reasonable ranges of operating and design parameters, i.e., flow rate, voltage, capacitance, cell volume, and current. However, the conflicts among performance indicators for similar operating conditions instigate the need for optimum tradeoffs. Therefore, multi-criteria optimization techniques were used for the estimation of optimum tradeoffs in the system performance. The optimized system annunciated net improvement in performance in terms of desalination (salt absorbed), energy consumption, and average salt adsorption rate up to 16%, 70%, and 117%, respectively.

ACS Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Shahrose Imran; Muhammad Nouman Zafar; Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Salman Habib; Mohsin Ali Badshah. Steady and controlled desalination via capacitive deionization: performance assessment and optimization of hybrid CV-CC process. Separation Science and Technology 2020, 56, 1272 -1289.

AMA Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Shahrose Imran, Muhammad Nouman Zafar, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Salman Habib, Mohsin Ali Badshah. Steady and controlled desalination via capacitive deionization: performance assessment and optimization of hybrid CV-CC process. Separation Science and Technology. 2020; 56 (7):1272-1289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Shahrose Imran; Muhammad Nouman Zafar; Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Salman Habib; Mohsin Ali Badshah. 2020. "Steady and controlled desalination via capacitive deionization: performance assessment and optimization of hybrid CV-CC process." Separation Science and Technology 56, no. 7: 1272-1289.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2020 in International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
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In this study, direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) technology was proposed to produce freshwater by utilizing the low-grade waste heat from the gases purged from the absorber of a CO2 capture unit. A Rate-based model has been used to simulate a monoethanolamine (MEA)-based CO2 capture process in Aspen Plus® V.10, and DCMD unit was simulated with the MATLAB software. The regeneration energy requirement in the CO2 capture process and freshwater production in DCMD unit were analyzed by varying the operating parameters. Cold seawater and purged gas were allowed to pass through the additional heat exchanger; as a result, the temperature of seawater increased. Then the warmed seawater was injected into the DCMD unit to produce freshwater. The freshwater production was 88,599 L/day at the feed temperature of 52.2 °C, which reduced to 85,050 L/day when the feed temperature declined to 50.3 °C. The freshwater production was 88,950 L/day at the permeate temperature of 10 °C, which declined to 78,450 L/day when the permeate temperature increased to 20 °C. Since adequate amount of freshwater was produced by the proposed system, the proposed integration method could help to mitigate environmental pollution and freshwater crises.

ACS Style

Asad Ullah; Mujeeb Iqbal Soomro; Woo-Seung Kim; Muhammad Wajid Saleem. The recovery of waste heat from the absorber vent gases of a CO2 capture unit by using membrane distillation technology for freshwater production. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 2020, 95, 102957 .

AMA Style

Asad Ullah, Mujeeb Iqbal Soomro, Woo-Seung Kim, Muhammad Wajid Saleem. The recovery of waste heat from the absorber vent gases of a CO2 capture unit by using membrane distillation technology for freshwater production. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 2020; 95 ():102957.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asad Ullah; Mujeeb Iqbal Soomro; Woo-Seung Kim; Muhammad Wajid Saleem. 2020. "The recovery of waste heat from the absorber vent gases of a CO2 capture unit by using membrane distillation technology for freshwater production." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 95, no. : 102957.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2020 in Processes
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The rising global warming concerns and explosive degradation of the environment requires the mainstream utilization of alternative fuels, such as hydroxy gas (HHO) which presents itself as a viable substitute for extracting the benefits of hydrogen. Therefore, an experimental study of the performance and emission characteristics of alternative fuels in contrast to conventional gasoline was undertaken. For experimentation, a spark ignition engine was run on a multitude of fuels comprising of gasoline, Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and hybrid blend of HHO with LPG. The engine was operated at 60% open throttle with engine speed ranging from 1600 rpm to 3400 rpm. Simultaneously, the corresponding performance parameters including brake specific fuel consumption, brake power and brake thermal efficiency were investigated. Emission levels of CO, CO2, HC and NOx were quantified in the specified speed range. To check the suitability of the acquired experimental data, it was subjected to a Weibull distribution fit. Enhanced performance efficiency and reduced emissions were observed with the combustion of the hybrid mixture of LPG with HHO in comparison to LPG: on average, brake power increased by 7% while the brake specific fuel consumption reduced by 15%. On the other hand, emissions relative to LPG decreased by 21%, 9% and 21.8% in cases of CO, CO2, and unburned hydrocarbons respectively. Incorporating alternative fuels would not only imply reduced dependency on conventional fuels but would also contribute to their sustainability for future generations. Simultaneously, the decrease in harmful environmental pollutants would help to mitigate and combat the threats of climate change.

ACS Style

Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Naqvi; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Jafar Hussain; Salman Raza Naqvi; Shahzaib Jahangir; Hafiz Muhammad Jazim Usama; Saad Idrees; Anthony Anukam. Use of Gasoline, LPG and LPG-HHO Blend in SI Engine: A Comparative Performance for Emission Control and Sustainable Environment. Processes 2020, 8, 74 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Naqvi, Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Jafar Hussain, Salman Raza Naqvi, Shahzaib Jahangir, Hafiz Muhammad Jazim Usama, Saad Idrees, Anthony Anukam. Use of Gasoline, LPG and LPG-HHO Blend in SI Engine: A Comparative Performance for Emission Control and Sustainable Environment. Processes. 2020; 8 (1):74.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Usman; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Naqvi; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Jafar Hussain; Salman Raza Naqvi; Shahzaib Jahangir; Hafiz Muhammad Jazim Usama; Saad Idrees; Anthony Anukam. 2020. "Use of Gasoline, LPG and LPG-HHO Blend in SI Engine: A Comparative Performance for Emission Control and Sustainable Environment." Processes 8, no. 1: 74.

Review
Published: 27 June 2019 in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
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Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising water purification technology which works by removing salt ions or charged species from aqueous solutions. Currently, most of the research on CDI focuses on the desalination of water with low or moderate salt concentration due to the low salt adsorption capacity of the electrodes. The electrosorption capacity of CDI relies on the structural and textural characteristics of the electrode materials. The cost of electrode materials, the complicated synthesis methods, and the environmental concerns arising from material synthesis steps hinder the development of large-scale CDI units. By considering the good electrical conductivity, high specific surface area (SSA), porous structure, availability, mass production, and cost, porous carbon derived from biomass materials may be a promising CDI electrode material. This review presents an update on carbon nanomaterials derived from various biomasses for CDI electrodes. It covers different synthesis methods and the electrosorption performance of each material and discusses the impact of the SSA and porous structure of the materials on desalination. This review shows that a variety of biomass materials can be used to synthesize cost-effective CDI electrode materials with different structures and good desalination performance. It also shows that diverse precursors and synthesis routes have significant influences on the properties and performance of the resulting carbon electrodes. Additionally, the performance of CDI does not depend only on BET surface area and pore structure but also on the applied voltage, initial concentration of the feed solution, and mass, as well as the capacitance of the electrodes.

ACS Style

Joyce Elisadiki; Talam E. Kibona; Revocatus L. Machunda; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Woo-Seung Kim; Yusufu A. C. Jande. Biomass-based carbon electrode materials for capacitive deionization: a review. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2019, 10, 1327 -1356.

AMA Style

Joyce Elisadiki, Talam E. Kibona, Revocatus L. Machunda, Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Woo-Seung Kim, Yusufu A. C. Jande. Biomass-based carbon electrode materials for capacitive deionization: a review. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2019; 10 (4):1327-1356.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Joyce Elisadiki; Talam E. Kibona; Revocatus L. Machunda; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Woo-Seung Kim; Yusufu A. C. Jande. 2019. "Biomass-based carbon electrode materials for capacitive deionization: a review." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 10, no. 4: 1327-1356.

Journal article
Published: 26 February 2019 in International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
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Higher-order filters, like LCL, are more commonly employed in grid-connected inverters (GCIs) as an interface element for the better attenuation of switching harmonics. However, the LCL filter has resonance poles which may degrade the performance of control without damping. Among the different damping techniques, notch filter (less expensive) and derivative filtered capacitor voltage (insensitive to parameter variation) based damping is recommended where the resonance pole is canceled with zero. However, notch filter requires prior information about grid impedance and remain sensitive to parameter variations. On other hand, derivative filtered capacitor voltage based active damping may not achieve higher stability margin depending on the filter parameters. In this paper, reduced-order extended state observer based linear active disturbance rejection control is introduced to the LCL filter type GCI. With the proposed method, the resonance poles in the LCL filter are compensated via pole-zero cancelation and it remains effective under grid impedance, and filter parameters uncertainties without control tuning. In addition, it is found that the proposed method achieves higher stability margins, dynamic performance, simple, less reliant on the system modeling, and highly decoupled current control. The stability and performance of the proposed method are compared with the single-loop PI control without/with notch filter based damping and dual loop with capacitor voltage based active damping under filter parameters and grid impedance variations via simulation and experimental results.

ACS Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Ki-Young Choi; Rae-Young Kim. Resonance damping for an LCL filter type grid-connected inverter with active disturbance rejection control under grid impedance uncertainty. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 2019, 109, 444 -454.

AMA Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Ki-Young Choi, Rae-Young Kim. Resonance damping for an LCL filter type grid-connected inverter with active disturbance rejection control under grid impedance uncertainty. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems. 2019; 109 ():444-454.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Ki-Young Choi; Rae-Young Kim. 2019. "Resonance damping for an LCL filter type grid-connected inverter with active disturbance rejection control under grid impedance uncertainty." International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 109, no. : 444-454.

Original article
Published: 07 January 2019 in The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
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Tribological, mechanical, and chemical properties of the TiN coatings on Ti substrate were experimentally investigated for implant applications. X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that the principal crystal structure of TiN coating was (111) preferred orientation with FCC structure. Experimental evaluation was conducted at two substrate surface roughness, i.e., 0.1 μm and 0.4 μm. TiN coatings having 0.4-μm substrate surface roughness and approximately 3.3-μm coating thickness demonstrated optimum results of adhesion strength, hardness, coefficient of friction, wear rate, and corrosion rate in simulation body fluid (SBF). The selected TiN-coated sample exhibited maximum of 16.585 GPa hardness, 238.7 GPa elastic modulus, approximately 20 N adhesion, and 0.088 coefficient of friction. TiN coating showed approximately 8 times more corrosion resistance and 4 times more wear resistance than the bare titanium substrate. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the wear tracks of TiN coating in SBF showed no presence of any harmful ingredients and confirmed its biocompatibility over the usage time in SBF. TiN-coated sample with higher substrate surface roughness (0.4 μm) demonstrated better tribo-mechanical properties and could reduce the cost of production than the conventionally used TiN-coated Ti implants of lower substrate surface roughness (0.1 μm).

ACS Style

Ghulam Moeen Uddin; Muhammad Jawad; Muhammad Ghufran; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Mohsin Ali Raza; Zaeem Ur Rehman; Syed Muhammad Arafat; Muhammad Irfan; Bilal Waseem. Experimental investigation of tribo-mechanical and chemical properties of TiN PVD coating on titanium substrate for biomedical implants manufacturing. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2019, 102, 1391 -1404.

AMA Style

Ghulam Moeen Uddin, Muhammad Jawad, Muhammad Ghufran, Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Mohsin Ali Raza, Zaeem Ur Rehman, Syed Muhammad Arafat, Muhammad Irfan, Bilal Waseem. Experimental investigation of tribo-mechanical and chemical properties of TiN PVD coating on titanium substrate for biomedical implants manufacturing. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2019; 102 (5-8):1391-1404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ghulam Moeen Uddin; Muhammad Jawad; Muhammad Ghufran; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Mohsin Ali Raza; Zaeem Ur Rehman; Syed Muhammad Arafat; Muhammad Irfan; Bilal Waseem. 2019. "Experimental investigation of tribo-mechanical and chemical properties of TiN PVD coating on titanium substrate for biomedical implants manufacturing." The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 102, no. 5-8: 1391-1404.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2018 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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The phenomena of global warming have increased the frequency of natural disasters. These disasters generate thousands of tons of waste and cause loss of human lives, environmental damages, and economic losses every year. Currently, disaster response policies are reactive in nature to bring the community back to normal routine. However, increased resilience against future disasters can be achieved by working on long-term planning and setting goals for ecological, economic, and social sustainability in disaster response policies. Keeping in view the importance of the considered issue, this study proposes a large-scale disaster waste management supply chain model, considering economic aspect via total waste processing, environmental aspect by greenhouse gas emissions from disaster waste processing, and social aspect by job opportunities generated during waste processing. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed supply chain model, numerical experiments are performed on a large-scale case problem. Results show that there is a strong trade-off among the dimensions of sustainability. If decision makers want to achieve higher satisfaction levels against environmental and social objectives, the operational cost of waste management will increase accordingly. Numerical studies obtain the results in accordance with the values of the confidence level of decision makers and coefficient of compensation decided by the managers which also provides the flexibility for the decision makers of developing countries to obtain preferred compromised solution in accordance with their own preferences for the dimensions of sustainability during disaster waste management operation.

ACS Style

Muhammad Salman Habib; Biswajit Sarkar; Muhammad Tayyab; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Amjad Hussain; Mehran Ullah; Muhammad Omair; Muhammad Waqas Iqbal. Large-scale disaster waste management under uncertain environment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 212, 200 -222.

AMA Style

Muhammad Salman Habib, Biswajit Sarkar, Muhammad Tayyab, Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Amjad Hussain, Mehran Ullah, Muhammad Omair, Muhammad Waqas Iqbal. Large-scale disaster waste management under uncertain environment. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 212 ():200-222.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Salman Habib; Biswajit Sarkar; Muhammad Tayyab; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Amjad Hussain; Mehran Ullah; Muhammad Omair; Muhammad Waqas Iqbal. 2018. "Large-scale disaster waste management under uncertain environment." Journal of Cleaner Production 212, no. : 200-222.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
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Capacitive deionization (CDI), an electrochemical desalination technology, was numerically coupled with pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), a salinity gradient power generation technology, for water and energy production. A novel multi-pass desorption process was employed for CDI, result in a high freshwater recovery and highly concentrated desorption effluent. The high and low concentrated streams produced by the electrochemical CDI system were used in PRO as continuous draw and feed solutions, respectively. The integrated CDI-PRO system performance was mathematically assessed in terms of water recovery (WR), concentrated gain ratio (CGR), PRO power generation, and overall power consumption for different desorption flow rates, applied currents, and number of desorption passes. The WR and CGR values in the electrochemical desalination system (CDI) increased to 98% and 59, respectively, as the number of desorption passes were increased to six in addition to a decrease of the desorption flow rate to 0.4 mL/s. Almost 96.7% of the fresh water was recovered and a desorption effluent concentration of 1.2 M was obtained from the six-pass desorption method with a 0.8 mL/s flow rate using the CDI-PRO integrated system. Treated water with concentration of 0.016 M from the adsorption process and concentrated water with the concentration of 1.2 M from the desorption processes of CDI system were used as the feed and draw streams, respectively. PRO system produced a power density of 8 W m−2 in this integrated system. Furthermore, 2.2 kJ/L of energy consumption for water production without process integration is reduced to 0.67 kJ/L through the implementation of the proposed system.

ACS Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Baek-Gyu Im; Woo-Seung Kim. Electrochemical CDI integration with PRO process for water desalination and energy production: Concept, simulation, and performance evaluation. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 2018, 822, 134 -143.

AMA Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Baek-Gyu Im, Woo-Seung Kim. Electrochemical CDI integration with PRO process for water desalination and energy production: Concept, simulation, and performance evaluation. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2018; 822 ():134-143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Baek-Gyu Im; Woo-Seung Kim. 2018. "Electrochemical CDI integration with PRO process for water desalination and energy production: Concept, simulation, and performance evaluation." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 822, no. : 134-143.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Desalination
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Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an emerging alternative desalination technology that electrochemically purifies brackish water using electrically polarized capacitive electrodes. This research focuses on the performance of the CDI system. A number of performance criteria were used to assess the desalination system based on the requirements. The performance of the CDI system was assessed in terms of lowest effluent water concentration during the deionization process (mM), specific energy consumption either per gram of salt adsorbed (kJ/g) or per liter of fresh water recovered (J/L), accumulated desalinated water concentration (ppm), salt ions adsorbed in electrodes (g), and the volume of freshwater recovered (L) for different operating parameters. Furthermore, the performance of the desalination system was optimized based on operating parameters of flow rate, applied voltage, cell volume, and capacitance of the CDI cell. Three optimization techniques were suggested according to desalination requirements. Single-objective and multi-objective genetic algorithms (GA) were used to optimize the performance of the CDI system subject to constrained decision variables. The feasible solution obtained through GA optimization showed significant improvement in CDI system performance. Furthermore, the optimized results suggest different optimal solutions based on specific needs, such as maximum salt ion adsorption, lowest desalination energy consumption, high volume of desalinated water, or purest water extracted.

ACS Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Woo-Seung Kim. Parameter-based performance evaluation and optimization of a capacitive deionization desalination process. Desalination 2018, 437, 133 -143.

AMA Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Woo-Seung Kim. Parameter-based performance evaluation and optimization of a capacitive deionization desalination process. Desalination. 2018; 437 ():133-143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Woo-Seung Kim. 2018. "Parameter-based performance evaluation and optimization of a capacitive deionization desalination process." Desalination 437, no. : 133-143.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2017 in International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
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ACS Style

Asad Ullah; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Woo-Seung Kim. Performance and energy cost evaluation of an integrated NH 3 -based CO 2 capture-capacitive deionization process. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 2017, 66, 85 -96.

AMA Style

Asad Ullah, Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Woo-Seung Kim. Performance and energy cost evaluation of an integrated NH 3 -based CO 2 capture-capacitive deionization process. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control. 2017; 66 ():85-96.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asad Ullah; Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Woo-Seung Kim. 2017. "Performance and energy cost evaluation of an integrated NH 3 -based CO 2 capture-capacitive deionization process." International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 66, no. : 85-96.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2017 in Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
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ACS Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande; Woo-Seung Kim. Performance optimization of integrated electrochemical capacitive deionization and reverse electrodialysis model through a series pass desorption process. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 2017, 795, 41 -50.

AMA Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande, Woo-Seung Kim. Performance optimization of integrated electrochemical capacitive deionization and reverse electrodialysis model through a series pass desorption process. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry. 2017; 795 ():41-50.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande; Woo-Seung Kim. 2017. "Performance optimization of integrated electrochemical capacitive deionization and reverse electrodialysis model through a series pass desorption process." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 795, no. : 41-50.

Research article
Published: 07 February 2017 in Journal of Applied Electrochemistry
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In this study, an electrochemical integrated process was developed that integrates a three-pass capacitive deionization (CDI) with capacitive donnan potential (CDP) for water and energy production. Energy required to operate the desalination process CDI was partially fulfilled through the use of CDP process, which in turn reduced the use of fossil fuel energy sources and the CDI brine disposal. Electrochemical process integration with a novel three-pass desorption method increased the water recovery and energy production. Results indicated that almost 95.7% water desalinated and salinity power gradient were produced through the provided design methodology. Performance evaluation graphs revealed that the concentration gain ratio and water recovery were increased up to 20 and 96%, respectively, with the increase in desorption current to 15 A. In addition, 1.4 kJ L−1 energy consumption for water production without process integration was reduced to 0.35 kJ L−1 through the implementation of the proposed system.

ACS Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande; Woo-Seung Kim. Pure water and energy production through an integrated electrochemical process. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 2017, 47, 315 -325.

AMA Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem, Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande, Woo-Seung Kim. Pure water and energy production through an integrated electrochemical process. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. 2017; 47 (3):315-325.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Wajid Saleem; Yusufu Abeid Chande Jande; Woo-Seung Kim. 2017. "Pure water and energy production through an integrated electrochemical process." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 47, no. 3: 315-325.