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Prof. C. Michael Hall
Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Biosecurity
0 Environmental History
0 Innovation Systems
0 Public Transport
0 Regional Development

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Tourism
Sustainability
Biosecurity
Regional Development
Social Marketing
Waste
Climate change adaptation and mitigation
World Heritage
Place Marketing
behavioural interventions
demarketing
global environmental change
Degrowth
walkability
tourism and sustainability
Innovation Systems
Sustainable Consumption & Production
Public Transport
rewilding

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Short Biography

Michael is Professor in Marketing and Tourism at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. He is also Docent in Geography, Oulu University, Finland; Visiting Professor in tourism, Linneaus University, Kalmar, Sweden; and Guest Professor in the Department of Service Management, Lund University Helsingborg, Sweden. He is co-editor of Current Issues in Tourism; he has published widely on tourism, regional development, sustainability, global environmental change, and World Heritage.

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Journal article
Published: 28 July 2021 in Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
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Recreational fishing is a major tourism activity and is integral to the “Blue economy”. Despite having high rates of participation and it being an important economic activity, especially in coastal, lacustrine and riverine areas, there is relatively little research on its various tourism dimensions, including its role in branding and marketing. This paper provides an introductory context for the first special issue on tourism and fishing in a tourism and hospitality journal. The introduction defines the subject area and highlights the main research themes, including the growing awareness of recreational fishing’s impacts on the environment as well as the increasingly contested relationship with commercial fishing. Areas for future research are identified with the need for students of tourism and hospitality to address the subject becoming of increasing importance given not only its economic significance but the growing threats of climate and environmental change and overfishing on the world’s oceans and wild fish stocks.

ACS Style

C. Michael Hall. Tourism and fishing. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 2021, 21, 361 -373.

AMA Style

C. Michael Hall. Tourism and fishing. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. 2021; 21 (4):361-373.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Michael Hall. 2021. "Tourism and fishing." Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 21, no. 4: 361-373.

Research article
Published: 23 June 2021 in Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events
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The COVID-19 pandemic led to a dramatic loss of human lives worldwide and presented an unprecedented challenge to public health, tourism and community relations. Previous research on the relationship between xenophobia and travel behavior is limited, especially in the context of concerns over potential contagion. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between xenophobia and travel behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of 489 Iranian travelers participated in survey conducted online. The results demonstrated that xenophobia positively correlates with the fear of COVID-19, travel risk perception, untact tourism, and travel precautions, although it is negatively correlated with the intention to undertake outbound and domestic travel. The relationships between push and pull factors to xenophobia were found insignificant. Interestingly, a significant difference between genders in the relationship between travel risk perception and xenophobia was identified. The study presents significant theoretical and practical implications and offers new avenues for future research.

ACS Style

Rasoul Shahabi Sorman Abadi; Zahed Ghaderi; C. Michael Hall; Maryam Soltaninasab; Amir Hossein Qezelbash. COVID-19 and the travel behavior of xenophobic tourists. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events 2021, 1 -23.

AMA Style

Rasoul Shahabi Sorman Abadi, Zahed Ghaderi, C. Michael Hall, Maryam Soltaninasab, Amir Hossein Qezelbash. COVID-19 and the travel behavior of xenophobic tourists. Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events. 2021; ():1-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rasoul Shahabi Sorman Abadi; Zahed Ghaderi; C. Michael Hall; Maryam Soltaninasab; Amir Hossein Qezelbash. 2021. "COVID-19 and the travel behavior of xenophobic tourists." Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events , no. : 1-23.

Journal article
Published: 07 June 2021 in Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management
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Biosecurity is vital for preventing the introduction of exotic fauna, flora, and disease from one territory into another. Attention to biosecurity measures has become an important element of responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there is limited theoretically informed research on tourist biosecurity behavior. To fill this research gap, an integrated research framework with value-attitude-behavior and personality theories is used to identify what influences tourist biosecurity behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected in September 2020 from Americans who had traveled overseas and analyzed by structural equation modeling, multi-group analysis, and deep learning. Results show that value has the greatest effects on attitude followed by personal and social norm on biosecurity for traveling during the pandemic. Personalities significantly moderate the linkages between attitude, personal norm, and behavior. Deep learning confirmed the best prediction of the current model and the importance of personal norms.

ACS Style

Myung Ja Kim; C. Michael Hall; Mark Bonn. Can the value-attitude-behavior model and personality predict international tourists’ biosecurity practice during the pandemic? Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 2021, 48, 99 -109.

AMA Style

Myung Ja Kim, C. Michael Hall, Mark Bonn. Can the value-attitude-behavior model and personality predict international tourists’ biosecurity practice during the pandemic? Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. 2021; 48 ():99-109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myung Ja Kim; C. Michael Hall; Mark Bonn. 2021. "Can the value-attitude-behavior model and personality predict international tourists’ biosecurity practice during the pandemic?" Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 48, no. : 99-109.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Crowdfunding offers a new potential source of financing of sustainability initiatives and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in particular. Such funding support is potentially even more important given the impacts of COVID-19 on the global economy. However, little theoretically based work has been conducted on sustainability crowdfunding. Therefore, this study builds and tests an integrated convergence framework to predict crowdfunder behavior for sustainability, through the lens of an extended model of goal-directed behavior (EMGB) and theories of risk as a second-order construct as well as intervention as a moderator. Results indicate that perceived risk and intervention play significant roles within the EMGB model in crowdfunding for sustainability projects related to the United Nations’ sustainable development goals. This study offers both theoretical and managerial implications for crowdfunding for sustainable development.

ACS Style

Myung Ja Kim; C. Michael Hall. Do perceived risk and intervention affect crowdfunder behavior for the sustainable development goals? A model of goal-directed behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 311, 127614 .

AMA Style

Myung Ja Kim, C. Michael Hall. Do perceived risk and intervention affect crowdfunder behavior for the sustainable development goals? A model of goal-directed behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 311 ():127614.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myung Ja Kim; C. Michael Hall. 2021. "Do perceived risk and intervention affect crowdfunder behavior for the sustainable development goals? A model of goal-directed behavior." Journal of Cleaner Production 311, no. : 127614.

Journal article
Published: 25 May 2021 in Journal of Destination Marketing & Management
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This study aims to investigate the interplay of visitor engagement, authenticity, and destination image in driving revisit and electronic word of mouth (eWOM) intentions of heritage tourists through the mediating role of Memorable Tourism Experiences (MTE). The data for this research were collected from tourists in the UNESCO-listed heritage city of Kashan, Iran. Using a convergent parallel mixed methods approach, the study's findings highlighted the importance of MTE as a mediator of these interrelationships. The results also identified the positive direct and indirect effects of visitor engagement on revisit and eWOM intentions. The indirect effects of authenticity on revisit and eWOM intentions through MTE were also significant. The findings also showed the positive direct and indirect effects of destination image on eWOM intention, with the indirect effect on revisit intention being significant. The practical implications of the study and potential future directions for research are also discussed in the conclusion section.

ACS Style

S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh; Siamak Seyfi; C. Michael Hall; Pezhman Hatamifar. Understanding memorable tourism experiences and behavioural intentions of heritage tourists. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2021, 21, 100621 .

AMA Style

S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh, Siamak Seyfi, C. Michael Hall, Pezhman Hatamifar. Understanding memorable tourism experiences and behavioural intentions of heritage tourists. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2021; 21 ():100621.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh; Siamak Seyfi; C. Michael Hall; Pezhman Hatamifar. 2021. "Understanding memorable tourism experiences and behavioural intentions of heritage tourists." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 21, no. : 100621.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2021 in Journal of Destination Marketing & Management
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This study investigates the effects of cognitive destination image shaped by media during the COVID-19 pandemic on willingness to support and post-pandemic travel intention. Drawing upon the concept of cognitive destination image and through an online self-administered survey, the effects of four factors including trust, crisis management, healthcare system, and solidarity on travel behavioral intention are compared based on tourists’ prior experience of a given destination. To achieve this aim, ten countries with different coping strategies, numbers of positive cases and mortality rate were studied. A total number of 518 useable questionnaires were collected from the prospect international tourists who followed news related to COVID-19 for one of the selected countries and plan to travel in the future. Partial least squares – structural equation modeling and multi-group analysis were used to test the model and hypotheses. The results showed the high predictive power of the model on post COVID-19 travel behavioral intention. The findings revealed the strong and positive effects of trust and healthcare system on behavioral intention of respondents without past experience to visit a destination, whereas the effect of solidarity on behavioral intention was identified much stronger for the prospect tourists with past experience of visiting a destination. This research provides unique theoretical contributions by investigating the effects of trust, crisis management, healthcare system, and solidarity shaped by media during COVID-19 outbreak as the components of cognitive destination image on future behavioral intention across past experience of visiting a destination. This study also provides insights on post-crisis recovery factors affecting travel behavioral intention and demand.

ACS Style

S.Mostafa Rasoolimanesh; Siamak Seyfi; Raymond Rastegar; C.Michael Hall. Destination image during the COVID-19 pandemic and future travel behavior: The moderating role of past experience. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2021, 21, 100620 .

AMA Style

S.Mostafa Rasoolimanesh, Siamak Seyfi, Raymond Rastegar, C.Michael Hall. Destination image during the COVID-19 pandemic and future travel behavior: The moderating role of past experience. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2021; 21 ():100620.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.Mostafa Rasoolimanesh; Siamak Seyfi; Raymond Rastegar; C.Michael Hall. 2021. "Destination image during the COVID-19 pandemic and future travel behavior: The moderating role of past experience." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 21, no. : 100620.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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High-quality biosecurity practices are critical to restarting international tourism. Effective market segmentation improves the communication and efficacy of health advice. Travel frequency is an important basis for health-related consumer segmentation, as it is closely related to risk of greater exposure to infectious diseases. Theoretically grounded studies of tourist biosecurity behavior and travel frequency have largely been neglected, although insights into practices and attitudes are especially relevant for coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) health responses. Therefore, this research constructed and tested a conceptual model applying Value–Attitude–Behavior theory to US travelers to see whether the frequency of international travel affected tourist COVID-19 related biosecurity behavior. US respondents were drawn from a panel using a quota sampling technique according to the age and gender of American outbound tourists. An online survey was administered in September 2020. The responses (n = 395) of those who traveled internationally within five years were analyzed utilizing partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with multi-group analysis. Travel frequency significantly affects biosecurity behavior. High travel frequency (≥8 trips) has the strongest effect of value on biosecurity attitudes, personal norms, social norms, and biosecurity social norms, leading to biosecurity behaviors. Biosecurity behaviors pertaining to medium travel frequency (4–7 trips) are significantly influenced by personal norms. At low travel frequency (1–3 trips) levels, biosecurity behaviors are stimulated by biosecurity attitudes and social norms, showing the highest predictive power among the three groups. This work provides insights into international travel consumer biosecurity practices and behavior. From a market segmentation perspective, the levels of international travel frequency have various influences on biosecurity values, attitudes, personal norms, social norms, and behaviors. The biosecurity behaviors of low-frequency travelers are found to be the most significant of the three groups, suggesting that individuals who travel less frequently are more likely to practice responsible COVID-19 biosecurity behavior.

ACS Style

Myung Kim; C. Hall; Mark Bonn. Does International Travel Frequency Affect COVID-19 Biosecurity Behavior in the United States? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4111 .

AMA Style

Myung Kim, C. Hall, Mark Bonn. Does International Travel Frequency Affect COVID-19 Biosecurity Behavior in the United States? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (8):4111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myung Kim; C. Hall; Mark Bonn. 2021. "Does International Travel Frequency Affect COVID-19 Biosecurity Behavior in the United States?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4111.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Economies
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Panic buying and hoarding behavior is a significant component of crisis- and disaster-related consumption displacement that has received considerable attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding such purchasing and stockpiling behavior provides critical information for government, disaster managers and the retail sector, as well as policy makers to adjust crisis response strategies and to better understand disaster management, including preparedness and response strategies. This study examines consumer purchasing behavior, retail spending and transactional data for different retail sectors between January 2017 and December 2020 using data for the greater Christchurch region in New Zealand. Once COVID-19-related panic buying began, overall spending increased sharply in anticipation of lockdowns. Transactional spending increased and subsided only slowly to a level higher than pre lockdown. The magnitude of the panic buying event far exceeded historical seasonal patterns of consumer spending outside of Christmas, Easter and Black Friday, although daily spending levels were comparable to such consumption events. The results of the study highlight the importance of comparing panic buying to other events in terms of purchasing motivations and also considering that so-called panic buying may contribute to greater individual and household resilience. The volume of sales alone is not adequate to define panic buying. Instead, the extent of divergence from the normal daily spending value per retail transaction of a given population provides a much more accurate characteristic of panic buying.

ACS Style

C. Hall; Peter Fieger; Girish Prayag; David Dyason. Panic Buying and Consumption Displacement during COVID-19: Evidence from New Zealand. Economies 2021, 9, 46 .

AMA Style

C. Hall, Peter Fieger, Girish Prayag, David Dyason. Panic Buying and Consumption Displacement during COVID-19: Evidence from New Zealand. Economies. 2021; 9 (2):46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Hall; Peter Fieger; Girish Prayag; David Dyason. 2021. "Panic Buying and Consumption Displacement during COVID-19: Evidence from New Zealand." Economies 9, no. 2: 46.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Crowdfunding is emerging as a significant means by which to finance and advance the 17 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Generating financial support for the SDGs is now of even more importance because of the economic impacts of COVID-19. However, little research on sustainability crowdfunding has been conducted, particularly with respect to how behavioral influences, such as personality and subjective well-being, affect the willingness of individuals to financially support the different SDGs. To fill this gap, a theoretically comprehensive research model including the big five personality traits typology, value on SDGs, attachment to sustainability crowdfunding, subjective well-being, and three groups of SDGs was constructed and tested. Results reveal that agreeableness has the highest effect on value on SDGs among five personalities, followed by openness and conscientiousness. Unexpectedly, extraversion has a negative impact on value on SDGs and neuroticism has an insignificant effect on value on SDGs. Value on SDGs has a great effect on attachment, followed by subjective well-being. Attachment has the greatest effect on subjective well-being within this research model. Comparing fair distribution, efficient allocation, and sustainable scale groups of SDGs shows substantial differences with respect to the hypotheses.

ACS Style

Myung Kim; C. Hall; Heejeong Han. Behavioral Influences on Crowdfunding SDG Initiatives: The Importance of Personality and Subjective Well-Being. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3796 .

AMA Style

Myung Kim, C. Hall, Heejeong Han. Behavioral Influences on Crowdfunding SDG Initiatives: The Importance of Personality and Subjective Well-Being. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3796.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myung Kim; C. Hall; Heejeong Han. 2021. "Behavioral Influences on Crowdfunding SDG Initiatives: The Importance of Personality and Subjective Well-Being." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3796.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Tourism is a major socioeconomic contributor to established and emerging destinations in the Mediterranean region. Recent studies introducing the Holiday Climate Index (HCI) highlight the significance of climate as a factor in sustaining the competitiveness of coastal and urban destinations. The aim of this study is to assess the future HCI performances of urban and beach destinations in the greater Mediterranean region. For this purpose, HCI scores for the reference (1971-2000) and future (2021-2050, 2070-2099) periods were computed with the use of two latest greenhouse gas concentration trajectories, RCP 4.5 and 8.5, based on the Middle East North Africa (MENA) Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) domain and data. The outputs were adjusted to a 500 m resolution via the use of lapse rate corrections that extrapolate the climate model topography against a resampled digital elevation model. All periodic results were seasonally aggregated and visualized on a (web) geographical information system (GIS). The web version of the GIS also allowed for a basic climate service where any user can search her/his place of interest overlaid with index ratings. Exposure levels are revealed at the macro scale while sensitivity is discussed through a validation of the climatic outputs against visitation data for one of Mediterranean's leading destinations, Antalya. HCI:Urban results showed that Canary Islands hold suitable conditions for tourism during almost all four seasons and all five periods which will have certain implications when other core Mediterranean competitors lose their relative climatic attractiveness. HCI:Beach results for the summer season showed that Las Canteras, Alicate, Pampelonne, Myrtos, Golden Sands and Edremit all pose Very Good to Excellent conditions without any Humidex risks for the extreme future scenario (2070-2099 RCP8.5).
Much detailed outputs of the study can be viewed from the web service at:
http://climatechange.boun.edu.tr/en/holiday-climatology-of-the-mediterranean/

.

ACS Style

F. Sibel Saygili Araci; O. Cenk Demiroglu; Aytac Pacal; C. Michael Hall; M. Levent Kurnaz. Future Holiday Climate Index (HCI) Performances of Urban and Beach Destinations in the Mediterranean. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

F. Sibel Saygili Araci, O. Cenk Demiroglu, Aytac Pacal, C. Michael Hall, M. Levent Kurnaz. Future Holiday Climate Index (HCI) Performances of Urban and Beach Destinations in the Mediterranean. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

F. Sibel Saygili Araci; O. Cenk Demiroglu; Aytac Pacal; C. Michael Hall; M. Levent Kurnaz. 2021. "Future Holiday Climate Index (HCI) Performances of Urban and Beach Destinations in the Mediterranean." , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 16 February 2021 in Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
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This is an invited commentary from Brian Wheeller for the special issue on tourism and fishing. It is a personal commentary, reflection and observation on the role of fish and fishing in tourism both directly and as a wider metaphor for society’s (and tourism’s) relationship with nature and the environment.

ACS Style

Brian Wheeller; C. Michael Hall. Fish tales, red herrings: (and gaffes?). Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 2021, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Brian Wheeller, C. Michael Hall. Fish tales, red herrings: (and gaffes?). Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. 2021; ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brian Wheeller; C. Michael Hall. 2021. "Fish tales, red herrings: (and gaffes?)." Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism , no. : 1-12.

Research letter
Published: 10 February 2021 in Current Issues in Tourism
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Since COVID-19 affects tourism globally, understanding what influences biosecurity behaviour is essential. However, few theoretically conceptualized studies have been conducted on COVID-19 biosecurity travel behaviour. To fill this gap, this study built and tested a comprehensive research model that includes non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), psychological and financial resilience, and biosecurity behaviour, along with four moderators. Results reveal that NPIs have a great effect on biosecurity behaviour and the four moderators partially differentiate international travel behaviour, suggesting substantial theoretical and practical implications for tourism-related biosecurity practices.

ACS Style

Myung Ja Kim; Mark Bonn; C. Michael Hall. What influences COVID-19 biosecurity behaviour for tourism? Current Issues in Tourism 2021, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Myung Ja Kim, Mark Bonn, C. Michael Hall. What influences COVID-19 biosecurity behaviour for tourism? Current Issues in Tourism. 2021; ():1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myung Ja Kim; Mark Bonn; C. Michael Hall. 2021. "What influences COVID-19 biosecurity behaviour for tourism?" Current Issues in Tourism , no. : 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2021 in Sustainability
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Demarketing is generally recognized as that aspect of marketing that aims at discouraging customers in general or a certain class of customers in particular on either a temporary or permanent basis and has been increasingly posited as a potential tool to degrow tourism and improve its overall sustainability, particularly as a result of so-called overtourism. The paper provides an overview of the various ways in which demarketing has been applied in a tourism context and assesses the relative value of demarketing as a means of contributing to sustainability and degrowing tourism. It is argued that demarketing can make a substantial contribution to degrowing tourism at a local or even regional scale, but that the capacity to shift visitation in space and time also highlights a core weakness with respect to its contribution at other scales. The paper concludes by noting that the concept of degrowth also needs to be best understood as a continuum of which demarketing is only one aspect.

ACS Style

C. Michael Hall; Kimberley J. Wood. Demarketing Tourism for Sustainability: Degrowing Tourism or Moving the Deckchairs on the Titanic? Sustainability 2021, 13, 1585 .

AMA Style

C. Michael Hall, Kimberley J. Wood. Demarketing Tourism for Sustainability: Degrowing Tourism or Moving the Deckchairs on the Titanic? Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1585.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Michael Hall; Kimberley J. Wood. 2021. "Demarketing Tourism for Sustainability: Degrowing Tourism or Moving the Deckchairs on the Titanic?" Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1585.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Journal of Environmental Management
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Crowdfunding is an innovative financial measure that is increasingly important in supporting sustainability initiatives. However, little research-based theory has been devoted to crowdfunding in light of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To bridge this gap, this study utilizes theories of value-attitude-behavior (VAB) model and personality to investigate Korean consumer crowdfunding behavior for sustainability initiatives in relation to the United Nations 17 SDGs. Seven hypotheses related to value, attitude, personal norm, and social norm on sustainability, and participation in sustainability crowdfunding are offered, with personality as a moderator. The findings revealed that value has substantial impacts on attitude, personal norm, and social norm. Attitude, personal norm, and social norm on source are found to have positive impacts on participation. Conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism have partial moderating effects on the VAB model. These results offer theoretical and empirical contributions to sustainability crowdfunding in light of the SDGs.

ACS Style

Myung Ja Kim; C. Michael Hall. Do value-attitude-behavior and personality affect sustainability crowdfunding initiatives? Journal of Environmental Management 2020, 280, 111827 .

AMA Style

Myung Ja Kim, C. Michael Hall. Do value-attitude-behavior and personality affect sustainability crowdfunding initiatives? Journal of Environmental Management. 2020; 280 ():111827.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myung Ja Kim; C. Michael Hall. 2020. "Do value-attitude-behavior and personality affect sustainability crowdfunding initiatives?" Journal of Environmental Management 280, no. : 111827.

Research article
Published: 17 December 2020 in Journal of Sustainable Tourism
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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 17 highlights the importance that the partnership narrative plays in the implementation of SDGs. However, given the brevity of many development projects, these partnerships are often developed and concluded rapidly, with little attention given to longer-term implications or success. This paper argues that in order to create and develop partnerships that properly address the SDGs, it is imperative that a process perspective is developed that takes into account the range of stakeholders and interests, values, and the power relations between actors prior to and during the project together with a comprehensive understanding of what is success. This requires a full awareness of the project’s context and previous interventions, activities, and policies. In order to illustrate the necessity of longitudinal partnerships and perspectives, a case study, a community-based development project in New Delhi, India, is used. The goal of the project has been to ensure that the community is actively involved in the entire process, eventually becoming owners of the interventions so that, when the project and partnership eventually ends, the community continues to benefit. Examples from the project are used to emphasize the importance of long-term planning and partnership driven by context-specificity, implementation processes and policy-awareness.

ACS Style

Bailey Ashton Adie; Alberto Amore; C. Michael Hall. Just Because It Seems Impossible, Doesn’t Mean We Shouldn’t At Least Try: The Need for Longitudinal Perspectives on Tourism Partnerships and the SDGs. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2020, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Bailey Ashton Adie, Alberto Amore, C. Michael Hall. Just Because It Seems Impossible, Doesn’t Mean We Shouldn’t At Least Try: The Need for Longitudinal Perspectives on Tourism Partnerships and the SDGs. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2020; ():1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bailey Ashton Adie; Alberto Amore; C. Michael Hall. 2020. "Just Because It Seems Impossible, Doesn’t Mean We Shouldn’t At Least Try: The Need for Longitudinal Perspectives on Tourism Partnerships and the SDGs." Journal of Sustainable Tourism , no. : 1-16.

Research article
Published: 24 November 2020 in Journal of Sustainable Tourism
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Despite sanctions being one of the most common and far-reaching forms of economic statecraft, there is a notable absence of research on the gendered effects of economic sanctions on women’s empowerment in general, and more particularly in relation to tourism. This is surprising given that the burden of economic sanctions is overwhelmingly felt by women due to their vulnerable socio-economic and political status in targeted countries. Drawing upon a disciplinary base in international relations and political science and using a gendered lens via a series of interviews, this study sought to explore the gendered effects of economic sanctions on Iranian women’s empowerment in the country’s tourism and hospitality industry. The study’s findings indicate that sanctions have negatively affected and deteriorated economic, psychological, social and political aspects of women empowerment. The results highlight the vulnerability of empowerment within the religio-patriarchal society of Iran. As such economic empowerment is recognized as a major contributor to the overall empowerment of women in Iran which is therefore severely affected by sanctions. Overall, this study fills a significant gap in tourism research by highlighting the gendered implications of a ubiquitous state tool of coercive diplomacy and foreign policy and its effects on women’s empowerment.

ACS Style

Siamak Seyfi; Colin Michael Hall; Tan Vo-Thanh. The gendered effects of statecraft on women in tourism: Economic sanctions, women’s disempowerment and sustainability? Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2020, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Siamak Seyfi, Colin Michael Hall, Tan Vo-Thanh. The gendered effects of statecraft on women in tourism: Economic sanctions, women’s disempowerment and sustainability? Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2020; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siamak Seyfi; Colin Michael Hall; Tan Vo-Thanh. 2020. "The gendered effects of statecraft on women in tourism: Economic sanctions, women’s disempowerment and sustainability?" Journal of Sustainable Tourism , no. : 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 14 October 2020 in Tourism Geographies
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ACS Style

Siamak Seyfi; C. Michael Hall; Bardia Shabani. COVID-19 and international travel restrictions: the geopolitics of health and tourism. Tourism Geographies 2020, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Siamak Seyfi, C. Michael Hall, Bardia Shabani. COVID-19 and international travel restrictions: the geopolitics of health and tourism. Tourism Geographies. 2020; ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siamak Seyfi; C. Michael Hall; Bardia Shabani. 2020. "COVID-19 and international travel restrictions: the geopolitics of health and tourism." Tourism Geographies , no. : 1-17.

Articles
Published: 22 September 2020 in Tourism Recreation Research
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Children empowerment should be a core component of any responsible tourism initiatives and their involvement and support is required to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Drawing on a theory adaptation research approach, this study proposes a framework for children's empowerment for responsible and sustainable tourism, inside and outside of the family context. The study sought to answer two key questions: Why children should be engaged in responsible tourism? How should children be engaged in responsible tourism? In addressing these key questions, the study developed a Future Responsible Tourist Capital Development (FRTCD) framework that advises on a prospective process of developing and nurturing children to have the essential skills, education and experience required for the responsible and sustainable development of the tourism industry. The findings of this study propose a new perspective on children empowerment inside and outside of the family context, and highlight the significance of children as sustainability thinkers, actioners, and transformers. Overall, the study contributes to the growing research on empowerment in sustainability discourse in general and children's empowerment in particular.

ACS Style

Hugues Seraphin; Anca C. Yallop; Siamak Seyfi; C. Michael Hall. Responsible tourism: the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of empowering children. Tourism Recreation Research 2020, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Hugues Seraphin, Anca C. Yallop, Siamak Seyfi, C. Michael Hall. Responsible tourism: the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of empowering children. Tourism Recreation Research. 2020; ():1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hugues Seraphin; Anca C. Yallop; Siamak Seyfi; C. Michael Hall. 2020. "Responsible tourism: the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of empowering children." Tourism Recreation Research , no. : 1-16.

Research article
Published: 22 September 2020 in Journal of Sustainable Tourism
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Despite the widespread use of sanctions as a foreign policy tool in the absence of armed intervention and as a means to promote peace, there is notable absence of research on the effects of sanctions on the peacebuilding capacity of tourism and their relationship to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This situation is surprising given that both sanctions and tourism are promoted as a force for peace and reconciliation processes. Drawing upon international relations and political science and via semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the Iranian tourism and hospitality industry, this study investigates whether sanctions contribute to peace and create an environment suitable for tourism development. The findings indicate how the imposition, relaxation and then re-imposition of sanctions by international state actors as a means of peace have paralyzed the Iranian tourism industry through its psychological, sectoral, and societal effects and mobility restrictions. The consequences of sanctions and their sharp contrast with the SDGs are also explored. This study fills a significant gap in tourism research by examining the implications of the application of a widely used coercive geopolitical tool of statecraft in relation to the peace and tourism nexus.

ACS Style

Siamak Seyfi; Colin Michael Hall; Tan Vo-Thanh. Tourism, peace and sustainability in sanctions-ridden destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2020, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Siamak Seyfi, Colin Michael Hall, Tan Vo-Thanh. Tourism, peace and sustainability in sanctions-ridden destinations. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2020; ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Siamak Seyfi; Colin Michael Hall; Tan Vo-Thanh. 2020. "Tourism, peace and sustainability in sanctions-ridden destinations." Journal of Sustainable Tourism , no. : 1-20.

Review
Published: 22 September 2020 in Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism
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Climate change poses an existential crisis for tourism and destinations. Nordic researchers have been at the forefront of research on climate change impacts, adaptation and mitigation. The review provides a brief account of some of the main themes in Nordic climate change research from a regional and international perspective and potential future research directions. Key themes identified include the environmental, economic and social sensitivities of the Nordic region, the implications of climate change for winter-oriented tourism businesses, and the substantial international contribution of Nordic-based researchers to international research on the climate crisis and tourism.

ACS Style

C. Michael Hall; Jarkko Saarinen. 20 years of Nordic climate change crisis and tourism research: a review and future research agenda. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 2020, 21, 102 -110.

AMA Style

C. Michael Hall, Jarkko Saarinen. 20 years of Nordic climate change crisis and tourism research: a review and future research agenda. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. 2020; 21 (1):102-110.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. Michael Hall; Jarkko Saarinen. 2020. "20 years of Nordic climate change crisis and tourism research: a review and future research agenda." Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism 21, no. 1: 102-110.