This study investigated the effect of ownership structure on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure, firm value, firm performance, and audit committees as moderating variables in the Indonesian context. The ownership structures in this study are foreign, public, state, and family ownership. This research is quantitative and uses secondary data. The sample consisted of 140 companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018–2020 period. This study used legitimacy, stakeholder, and agency theory. The analytical method used was partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results show that foreign and public ownership positively and significantly affect environmental, social, and governance disclosure. However, state and family ownership did not affect environmental, social, and governance disclosure. In addition, environmental, social, and governance disclosure positively impacts firm value. However, environmental, social, and governance disclosure do not affect a company’s performance. Audit committees moderate the influence of environmental, social, and governance disclosure and firm value. However, the audit committees do not moderate the effect of environmental, social, and governance disclosure and firm performance. The government should make stronger environmental, social, and government regulations that must be implemented by companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange even though they are now voluntary.

This study aimed to identify the effect of e-commerce and sustainability reporting on tax avoidance and firm performance, as well as determining whether organizational culture acts as a moderating variable in small and medium enterprises in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Agency theory and stakeholder theory were employed as a framework. The questionnaires were distributed online to the owners of small and medium enterprises in Palembang; a sample of 211 respondents completed the questionnaire. Partial least square structural equation model regression was used to test and analyze the hypotheses. The results show that sustainability reporting and e-commerce have a positive effect on tax avoidance, while tax avoidance has a positive effect on company performance. However, organizational culture does not act as moderating variable to strengthen the effect of tax avoidance on company performance.

The study aims to examine factors impact on financial performance through sustainability reporting. The sample is companies that received an Indonesia Sustainability Reporting Awards (ISRA) in 2016. This study uses secondary data from annual report 2012-2016. The first result shows that board size and sustainability are not significant. Second and third result shows the size and leverage have a positive impact on sustainability reporting. The last result shows that sustainability reporting has a positive and significant effect of financial performance. The contributions in this study,first, it shows the mediating effect of sustainability reporting on the relationship between these factors and financial performance. Second, this study also investigates companies that received ISRA in 2016. The limitation of this study is that it focuses on companies that received the award from ISRA in 2016. Another limitation is the framework not the best framework.

The study aim is to examine the effect from board size, board independende, audit committee, woman on board to firm value through environmental disclosure as a mediating variable. Agency theory and stakeholder theory use in this study. The sample in this study is all mining companies listing on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. Data is the 2013-2017 from the annual report. The result shows board size and board independence to environmental disclosure not significant. However, the audit committee, woman on board effect to environmental disclosure shows significant results. This is similar to the relationship between environmental disclosure and firm value shows a positive and significant result. The limitation in this study is just use sample from mining companies, and also only use annual report Future research can do this study use other type companies such as banking sector, manufacturing sector and use other report such as sustainability reporting.

Good corporate governance (GCG) is a principle implemented by the company to ensure that the interests of stakeholders are not neglected. GCG consists of five main pillars which are transparency, accountability, responsiveness, independency, and fairness. In Indonesia, GCG implementation has not been effective enough as it is only necessarry for large companies and the public. The instrument used to assess GCG implementation is not appropriate either, examples of such are its portion, the existence and role of independent commissioners, portion, the existence and role of the audit committee, and ownership structure. This paper analyzes the implementation of culture found in Indonesian people living in GCG system. With the implementation of this social culture, the corporate GCG is better in its implementation because it is built on the noble values of the people. It then became the Pancasila which is the philosophy of Indonesia as such the the GCG implementation is accessed using the Pancasila Corporate Governance Index (PCGI).